Three-dimensional Drawing Research Articles

Deep learning-based corrosion inspection of long-span bridges with BIM integration

Infrastructure operation and maintenance is essential for societal safety, particularly in Japan where the aging of infrastructures built during the period of high economic growth is advancing. However, there are issues such as a shortage of engineers and inefficiencies in work, requiring improvements in efficiency and automation for their resolution. Nevertheless, there are still many inefficiencies in the current procedures for bridge inspections. Usually, inspection engineers check for damage on bridges through close visual inspections at the site, then photograph the damaged parts, measure the size by touch, and create a report. A three-dimensional representation, considering the front and back of the structural elements, is needed for identifying damage, necessitating the creation of multi-directional three-dimensional drawings. However, this process is labor-intensive and prone to errors. Furthermore, due to the lack of uniformity in records, it is challenging to refer to past inspection histories. Especially for long bridges, without resolving such issues, the required labor and the number of mistakes could exceed acceptable limits, making proper management difficult. Therefore, in this study, we developed a method for automatically measuring the position and area of corroded parts by capturing images of the lower surface of the stiffening girder using a bridge inspection vehicle and utilizing image diagnosis technology. By integrating these results into a 3D model called BIM (Building Information Modeling), it becomes possible to manage the bridge more efficiently. We verified this method on actual long bridges and confirmed its effectiveness.

Homemade 3D-Printed Affordable and Practical Alternative Videolaryngoscope: First Step

Objective: Changing economic conditions make it difficult for clinics to access the medical devices they need. Videolaryngoscope is one of the devices needed in many units such as operating rooms, intensive care and emergency services. Our study aims to design a low-cost videolaryngoscope (VL) using three-dimensional printing technology and offer clinics a cost-effective alternative to traditional VLs. Materials and Methods: Initially, three-dimensional images were obtained from the website www.thingeverse.com to form the basis of the videolaryngoscope blade. The Ultimaker Cura 4.0 program (Ultimaker B.V. Netherlands, Utrecht) was used to create three-dimensional drawings of the handle and blade prints. This drawing was produced on a 3D printer using polylactic acid as raw material. Finally, the wireless camera with 1080p HD resolution was positioned on the handle and blade. 3DPVL was tested on an intubation mannequin by a group of 30 anesthesiologists, each with at least 4 years of experience. The intubation times of the participants and their satisfaction with this process were recorded. Results: In the study, the intubation times performed by 30 anesthesiologists on a mannequin were recorded. It was determined that the average intubation time for 3DPVL was 24.3 seconds. 90% of participants rated the experience as good or excellent. Similarly, satisfaction levels were rated as good or excellent by 60% of participants. Conclusion: The affordable and practical of production associated with 3DPVL make it a potentially viable alternative to traditional VLs for clinicians. In the second step, a case series focusing on easy airways is planned regarding our device. In later steps, randomized controlled studies are planned between our device and traditional VL in easy and difficult airways.

Investigation of Different Miniscrew Head Designs by Finite Element Analysis.

To determine the optimum miniscrew head design in orthodontic treatments for primary stability and compare stress distribution on a representative bone structure. Miniscrews with cross heads, mushroom-shaped heads, button heads, bracket heads, and through-hole heads were compared using finite element analysis. Miniscrews, whose three-dimensional drawings were completed using the SolidWorks computer-aided software package, were inserted in the bone block. Orthodontic force was applied to the head, and stress distributions, strains, and total deformations were investigated. The lowest von Mises stress of 5.67 MPa was obtained using the bracket head. On the other hand, the highest von Mises stress of 22.4 MPa was found with the button head. Through mesh convergence analysis, the most appropriate mesh size was determined to be 0.5 mm; approximately 230,000 elements were formed for each model. Because the need for low stress is substantial for the primary stability of the miniscrew, this study demonstrated that the bracket head miniscrew is the optimal head design. In addition, it is posited that the success rate of orthodontic anchorage treatments will increase when bracket head miniscrews are used.

Construction of a Smart Learning Platform for Kindergarten Preschool Education Empowered by Digital VR Technology

Abstract Accompanied by the rapid development of science and technology, the application of digital VR technology in kindergarten and preschool education has gradually become a hot spot of educational innovation. In this paper, with the help of digital VR technology, we build an intelligent learning platform full of exciting and exploratory features to provide kindergarten children with a more vivid and intuitive learning experience. The smart learning platform for preschool education consists of the management module, teaching resource base module, collaborative learning module, and intelligent evaluation module. Virtual reality technology is utilized on the platform to create a virtual teaching module that enhances the teaching method. Then the construction of the virtual classroom three-dimensional model is enhanced and improved. A geometric curvature high-fidelity three-dimensional model accelerated drawing method is proposed. The triangle folding algorithm is improved based on the improved quadratic error metric to enhance the quality of the three-dimensional drawing of the virtual classroom. Through the application of virtual teaching in teaching experiments, it has been found that it has significantly improved children’s cognitive ability and creativity. The percentage of parents’ satisfaction with the teaching effect of the smart learning platform reached 74.2%, indicating that parents are more likely to recognize the kindergarten’s application of the smart learning platform.

NOBEL-BOX: Development of a Low-Cost Ship-Based Instrument for Ocean Monitoring.

This research aims to develop an inexpensive ocean observation instrument with the project name NOBEL (Nusantara Oceanography Backdoor Experiment Laboratory)-BOX. The device can be installed on all types of vessels for mapping the water conditions, providing accurate data for managing a marine area, particularly regarding water quality. The principle of NOBEL-BOX is to attach six sensors in a container connected to a microcontroller and then measure specific data directly and automatically. The methodology employed included experimental design, laboratory and field tests, and data evaluation to develop the necessary system and instruments. The design process encompassed the construction of the instrument and the fabrication, involving the creation of three-dimensional drawings and the design of microcontrollers and data transmission systems and power capacity. This instrument is box-shaped with a microcontroller, sensors, a battery, and cables located inside. The testing phase included data validation, testing of the device in the laboratory, and field testing showed that the device worked. The data provided from this instrument could meet the specific criteria for seawater analysis.

Research on 3D Equipment Modeling Technology of 500 KV Substation

A three-dimensional simulation system for a flexible wire layout of a 500 KV substation is developed by using a hierarchical design method in this work. Firstly, the scenario model and device model for the 500 KV substation are established as the physical models. Then, the data model, flexible wire mathematical model, and connection model are established to form the rule models for the 500 KV substation. Finally, the three-dimensional simulation diagram of the 500 KV substation soft wire layout is generated by system integration. The system can quickly and accurately generate the three-dimensional simulation drawing of 500 KV substation soft wire by only seven structural parameter setting modules, achieving the purpose of programmable design. The simulation system software is proved to be feasible and correct by the data of several 500 KV substations.

Three-Dimensional Graph Drawing Procedures for Functions of Two and Several Variables

Many functions depend on more than one independent variable. For instance, the volume of a right circular cylinder is a function of its radius and its height, so it is a function V(r, h) of two variables r and h.
 Real valued functions of several independent real variables are defined similarly to functions in the single-variable case. In this article, we define functions of more than one independent variable and discuss ways to graph them. But their graph is impossible in the two-dimensional system and the MATLAB program is the language that guarantees computer implementation at a high level in mathematics, easily presenting calculations, images, graphs, and writing programs in its environment.
 For achieving this goal, we first explained the plot3 procedure in the three-dimensional coordinate system to draw the graph of two dependent subordinates on the MATLAB program environment, followed by the surf procedure as well as the mesh procedure. Then we explained the procedures mentioned in the polar coordinates. We have provided examples to better understand each procedure.

Postdigital concerns relating to teaching and learning of machine drawing

The freshmen of the engineering curriculum are trained in the engineering drawing skill set which includes the generation of orthographic projections of any given component. When these freshmen are promoted to the next subsequent academic year, they are ready to learn the generation of three-dimensional computer-aided drawing (CAD) geometric models from the given orthographic projections. In today's postdigital era, the challenges and issues faced by these sophomores in generation of spatially visualized CAD geometric model is discussed in this work. A perceptive visual image of stop valve in a CAD-based environment is formulated, as the stop valves play a major role in product as well as process-oriented industries. The impediments faced by students in generating the spatially visualized CAD geometric model in the postdigital era have been discussed and deliberated at a stretch. Students’ performance assessment before imparting training versus after imparting training in CAD-based geometric modeling skills by employing perceptive visual imagery method is recorded in this work.

Three-dimensional art drawing techniques in the dental anatomy curriculum.

Journal of Dental EducationAccepted Articles ADVANCING THROUGH INNOVATION Three-dimensional art drawing techniques in the dental anatomy curriculum Gheetha Siddanna BDS, MS, Gheetha Siddanna BDS, MS Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences & Endodontics at University at Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesSearch for more papers by this authorCathy Barry, Cathy Barry Lecturer, University of Michigan School of Art, and Design, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesSearch for more papers by this authorElisabeta Karl DDS, MS, PhD, Corresponding Author Elisabeta Karl DDS, MS, PhD [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-0167 Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics at University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Correspondence Elisabeta Karl, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences & Endondotics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University, Room 2059 (Office of Research), Ann Arbor, MI. 48109-1078. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Gheetha Siddanna BDS, MS, Gheetha Siddanna BDS, MS Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences & Endodontics at University at Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesSearch for more papers by this authorCathy Barry, Cathy Barry Lecturer, University of Michigan School of Art, and Design, Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesSearch for more papers by this authorElisabeta Karl DDS, MS, PhD, Corresponding Author Elisabeta Karl DDS, MS, PhD [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-0167 Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics at University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Correspondence Elisabeta Karl, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences & Endondotics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University, Room 2059 (Office of Research), Ann Arbor, MI. 48109-1078. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 15 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.13298 This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.13298 AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Accepted ArticlesAccepted, unedited articles published online and citable. The final edited and typeset version of record will appear in the future. RelatedInformation

Structure Integrity Analysis Using Fluid–Structure Interaction at Hydropower Bottom Outlet Discharge

Dam reliability analysis is performed to determine the structural integrity of dams and, hence, to prevent dam failure. The Chenderoh Dam structure is divided into five parts: the left bank, right bank, spillway, intake section, and bottom outlet, with each element performing standalone functions to maintain the overall Dam’s continuous operation. This study presents a numerical reliability analysis of water dam reservoir banks using fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulation of the bottom outlet structures operated at different discharge conditions. Three-dimensional computer-aided drawings were used to view the overall Chenderoh Dam. Next, a two-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model was developed to explore the influence of fluid flow and structural deformation on dam systems. The FSI modeling consists of Ansys Fluent and Ansys Structural modules to consider the boundary conditions separately. The reliability and performance of the reservoir bottom outlet structure was effectively simulated and recognised using FSI. The maximum stress on the bottom outlet section is 18.4 MPa, which is lower than the yield stress of mild steel of 370 MPa. Therefore, there will be no structural failure being observed on the bottom outlet section when the butterfly valve is fully closed. With a few exceptions, the FSI models projected that bottom outlet structures would be able to run under specified conditions without structural collapse or requiring interventions due to having lower stress than the material’s yield strength.

An Application of the Distributed-Order Time- and Space-Fractional Diffusion-Wave Equation for Studying Anomalous Transport in Comb Structures

A comb structure consists of a one-dimensional backbone with lateral branches. These structures have widespread application in medicine and biology. Such a structure promotes an anomalous diffusion process along the backbone (x-direction), along with classical diffusion along the branches (y-direction). In this work, we propose a distributed-order time- and space-fractional diffusion-wave equation to model a comb structure in the more general setting. The distributed-order time- and space-fractional diffusion-wave equation is firstly formulated to study the anomalous diffusion in the comb model subject to an irregular convex domain with the motivation that the time-fractional derivative considers the memory characteristic and the space one with the variable diffusion coefficient possesses the nonlocal characteristic. The finite element method is applied to obtain the numerical solution. The stability and convergence of the numerical discretization scheme are derived and analyzed. Two numerical examples of relevance to the comb model are given to verify the correctness of the numerical method. Moreover, the influence of the involved parameters on the three-dimensional and axial projection drawing particle distribution subject to an elliptical domain are analyzed, and the physical meanings are interpreted in detail.

Upaya Mengatasi Kesulitan Belajar Siswa pada Materi Gambar Bentuk Tiga Dimensi Melalui Penerapan Model Project Based Learning Dengan Menggunakan Media Power Point

This classroom action research was motivated by students who were still having difficulty learning the Three-Dimensional Drawing material in class IV at SD Negeri 7 Kuala Kencana. This is due to the lack of variety in the learning process in class, causing their interest and motivation to be low in participating in the learning process in class. This Classroom Action Research aims to overcome the difficulties experienced by students by implementing the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model using power point media in the student learning process in class. The data in this research was obtained through observation, tests and documentation. Based on research data from pre-action to cycle II, data was obtained that student learning outcomes in the learning process through implementing the PjBL model using power point media had increased significantly from previous learning using the lecture method. So, the conclusion is that the application of the PjBl model using power point media can overcome students' learning difficulties so that it has an impact on increasing student learning outcomes, especially in Three-Dimensional Shape Drawing material at SD Negeri 7 Kuala Kencana.
 

Pallet Stamping Die Design

Nowadays, the level of stamping dies in the world has been greatly improved, and stamping technology has also developed greatly. Based on the analysis of the pallet parts, it is determined that the required processes are punching and blanking. The compound dying for punching and blanking was chosen for processing after the processing method was examined. Specific design process: analyze the material used for the part, calculate the required punching force, and select the required press according to the punching force, the closing height of the die, and the size of the die handle hole. The parts required by the die, such as convex and concave die, stripper plate, fixed plate, and other components, should also be designed so that the processing of the parts can be completed after the assembly is completed. In the design process, CAD drawing software, three-dimensional drawing software, etc., can be used to complete the drawing of two-dimensional and three-dimensional drawings of parts, improve the efficiency of our drawing, and can also quickly solve problems existing in the drawing, which makes the design process simpler.

Three-Dimensional Cell Drawing Technique in Hydrogel Using Micro Injection System.

Fabrication of three-dimensional tissues using living cells is a promised approach for drug screening experiment and in vitro disease modeling. To study a physiological neuronal function, three-dimensional cell patterning and construction of neuronal cell network were required. In this study, we proposed a three-dimensional cell drawing methodology in hydrogel to construct the three-dimensional neuronal cell network. PC-12 cells, which were used as neuronal cell differentiation model, were dispensed into a collagen hydrogel using a micro injector with a three-dimensional position control. To maintain the three-dimensional position of cells, atelocollagen was kept at sol-gel transition state during cell dispensing. As the results, PC-12 cells were patterned in the atelocollagen gel to form square pattern with different depth. In the patterned cellular lines, PC-12 cells elongated neurites and form a continuous cellular network in the atelocollagen gel. It was suggested that our three-dimensional cell drawing technology has potentials to reconstruct three-dimensional neuronal networks for an investigation of physiological neuronal functions.

The Effect of Three-Dimensional Drawing on Learning Construction Detail Design in Interior Architecture Education

In the construction of the built environment, detailing is an important and inseparable part of the whole construction information. Giving practical construction information to interior architecture students is undoubtedly an important part of interior architecture education. Along with general building information, materials and detailing are included in the curricula of many interior architecture departments to strengthen students’ understanding of interior architecture practice. On the other hand, the detailing solution should be considered as a design-decision model to create design alternatives according to the building elements and material properties. The aim of this study is to show that structural and detailing problems should be considered in a holistic framework with the design in interior architecture education. The sub-purpose of this study is to show that the use of three-dimensional drawing techniques in interior architecture construction-detail education is effective in increasing a student’s ability to notice and learn building details. This study focuses on the use of three-dimensional drawing techniques in interior architecture education and the application-oriented solution of structural and detail problems. As a result, the method of the study suggests some design-decision modeling guidelines that will lead to better detail design-decision solutions for interior architecture students.

Microecologies of a Mediterranean Enclave: “Remote” Reading of Datça Peninsula and Its Traditional Villages

ABSTRACT Datça Peninsula in southwestern Anatolia has a typically Mediterranean cultural landscape with significant variations among its subregions. This article presents research performed by the author and a group of graduate students of architecture in the summer of 2020, with the aim of discovering and creatively representing Datça’s mosaic of microecological variations. The research focused on the traditional villages of Datça, with eight studied in detail in terms of the natural and manmade elements that define their particular landscapes. Original maps and three-dimensional drawings were produced as the final outcome and display both factual data and students’ interpretations of the spatial characteristics of Datça Peninsula and its traditional settlements. These maps and drawings are based on information gathered from satellite maps, aerial photographs, and written sources and represent the salient geographic features, the borders and subregions, and the visual imagery of the major cultural landscapes within the geographic mosaic of the peninsula. Both the methods and outcomes of the research are products of a collective and experimental study of space literacy and documentation.

Simulation Research of Electrostatic Precipitator Power Supply Voltage Control System Based on Finite Element Differential Equation

Abstract An electrostatic precipitator is an essential piece of equipment to eliminate atmospheric dust pollution. Its power supply is of great significance to the working efficiency and reliability of the dust collector. This paper uses field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology to design an electrostatic precipitator power controller. In this paper, a fuzzy control scheme with variable scale factors is adopted to make the highest average voltage between the two poles of the precipitator better approach the critical breakdown voltage. In this paper, the transfer function is derived based on the finite element differential equation and the method of three-dimensional drawing. In this way, the influence of parameters such as the coupling inductance of the pulse power supply, the coupling coefficient, and the parasitic resistance of the dust removal chamber on the load oscillation can be obtained. It is found that the control system can control the electrostatic precipitator power well. It can significantly improve dust removal efficiency.

3D Virtual Modeling Realizations of Building Construction Scenes via Deep Learning Technique.

The architectural drawings of traditional building constructions generally require some design knowledge of the architectural plan to be understood. With the continuous development of the construction industry, the use of three-dimensional (3D) virtual models of buildings is quickly increased. Using three-dimensional models can give people a more convenient and intuitive understanding of the model of the building, and it is necessary for the painter to manually draw the 3D model. By analyzing the common design rules of architectural drawing, this project designed and realized a building three-dimensional reconstruction system that can automatically generate a stereogram (3 ds format) from a building plan (dxf format). The system extracts the building information in the dxf plan and generates a three-dimensional model (3 ds format) after identification and analysis. Three-dimensional reconstruction of architectural drawings is an important application of computer graphics in the field of architecture. The technology is based on computer vision and pattern recognition, supported by artificial intelligence, three-dimensional reconstruction, and other aspects of computer technology and engineering domain knowledge. It specializes in processing architectural engineering drawings with rich semantic information and various description forms to automatically carry out architectural drawing layouts. The high-level information with domain meanings such as the geometry and semantics/functions of graphics of the buildings can be analyzed for forming a complete and independent research system. As a new field of computer technology, the three-dimensional reconstruction drawings are appropriate for demonstrating the characteristics of architectural constructions.

3D TECHNOLOGIES – A MODERN APPROACH TO AUTOMATED DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL ENGINEERING ENTERPRISES IN THE GRAIN STORAGE INDUSTRY

Today, enterprises of various industries, including enterprises in the grain storage industry, are faced with the need for reconstruction, modernization and expansion of production. However, the implementation of such projects is often not possible, since the exact design documentation is either completely absent or outdated and does not meet modern requirements. Moreover, today an increasing number of projects are being carried out in a three-dimensional environment and simple flat drawings are no longer a sufficient basis for design. 3D design is a huge step forward in engineering and its use significantly increases the competitiveness of a design organization in the market. 3D technologies are one of the most important areas of design automation, no one has any doubts about the need to use them both at the design stage and directly during the construction of industrial facilities. Choosing the optimal simulation software is often difficult, as it is not easy to find a program that has all the necessary functionality. In the course of the research we analyzed the possibilities of several popular programs for 3D modeling and the possibility of their use in the process of designing enterprises in the field of grain storage. Thanks to the use of three-dimensional technology, the enterprise gets the opportunity to implement the project in a better quality and in a shorter time, to find errors even before the production of prototypes, and after all, correcting various shortcomings at the design stage is hundreds of times cheaper than at the production stage. Another advantage of 3D models is that they can be transferred to pre-production systems that automatically create programs. This significantly speeds up the production cycle. 3D-design of the elevator becomes a necessity: this is the only way to quickly make a complete virtual model of the elevator with all the nodes, where you can see the route of the grain through the future elevator. This avoids many of the errors that occur when designing only on the basis of a linear model.

Abundant accurate analytical and semi-analytical solutions of the positive Gardner–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation

Abstract This research article examines the correctness of two new analytical methods for solving the internal solitary waves of shallow seas. To get the computational solutions to the positive (2 + 1)-dimensional Gardner–Kadomtsev–Petviashvili model, the extended simplest equation and modified Kudryashov methods are used. Numerous new traveling wave solutions in various forms are developed in order to assess the starting conditions required for the variational iteration technique, one of the most accurate semi-analytical methods. The semi-analytical solutions are used to demonstrate the precision of the solutions obtained and the analytical methods employed. The dynamical behavior of internal solitary waves in shallow waters is shown using many three-dimensional drawings. The performance of the used schemes demonstrates their efficacy and power, as well as their capacity to handle a large number of nonlinear evolution equations.