Three-dimensional Drawing Research Articles

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA GAMBAR TIGA DIMENSI POP UP DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS PUISI DI KELAS VIII SMPN 1 UJAN MAS KEPAHIANG TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017

This research aimed to examine and develop three-dimensional drawing media pop up in learning to writing poetry in class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Ujan Mas Kepahiang Regency Year 2016/2017. The method used in this research is research and development. The subject of this research is the class VIII A which amounts to 29 students. Technique of collecting data by observation, interview, and questionnaire. Data analysis technique is done by counting the number of percentage of the result of writing poetry. The results showed that SMPN 1 Ujan Mas needed media during the learning process, with the media can help improve students' motivation, in learning. In this research development, the researcher refers to research and development model (R & D) consisting of several steps as follows: (1) needs analysis, (2) development of three dimensional pop-up image media, (3). The percentage of students generated in writing poetry using three dimensional pop-up images is 76.96%. Based on the data analysis can be concluded the use of three-dimensional drawing media pop ups can help students in writing poetry. The learning process takes place more interesting using the three dimensional pop-up images. Keywords: learning media, pop ups, poetry

Design and technological solutions for technical systems based on the example of a sowing complex for grain crops

In this paper, we have developed a formalized problem statement for automated design of a technical system (TS) on the example of a sowing complex (SC) and improved the methodology of decision-making information support for its design by creating a virtual model of the TS. An information-logical model, which unifies sets of data on the external environment and data processing technologies, is used for selecting the structural scheme of the TS. A procedural decision-making model allows optimal selection of standard units and mechanisms of the TS taking into account uncertainty and discrepancies in the data. The virtual model of the SC is presented in the form of a hierarchical frame structure, including parametric three-dimensional geometric models and drawings of individual units, devices, mechanisms and details, as well as attributive data. A new design of a SC for grain crops uses both standard units and non-standard devices, which provides reduction of the sowing time and energy consumption together with the possibility of using the SC as a cultivator and a disk harrow.

Determination of Secondary Students’ Preferences Regarding Design Features Used in Digital Textbooks

The aim of this study was to determine secondary school students’ choice of design features for digital textbooks. As a part of the research—which was conducted using a mixed technique—a literature review was carried out to source points to consider in the designing of digital textbooks and experts’ opinions were obtained. Based on the results, an 88-question survey was then developed to elicit the preferences of secondary school students with regard to design features for digital textbooks. Also, in this study, three digital textbooks with different design features—but with the same content—were developed to be used by the students. The students were then informed about digital textbook technology by researchers and the digital textbooks were made available to them. Finally, the survey was administered in four separate sessions, and the results were revealed by analysis of the data collected. The findings showed that students wanted digital books with a front, back and bookplate. They took the view that elements for transitions between pages were necessary along with the table of contents, index, glossary and search tools. Students also expressed a desire for images in digital textbooks, especially three-dimensional lifelike drawings, videos and animations.

Parametric modelling design applied to weft knitted surfaces and its effects in their physical properties

This work proposes the creation of models of surfaces using a parametric computer modelling software to obtain three-dimensional structures in weft knitted fabrics produced on single needle system machines. Digital prototyping, another feature of digital modelling software, was also explored in three-dimensional drawings generated using the Rhinoceros software. With this approach, different 3D structures were developed and produced. Physical characterization tests were then performed on the resulting 3D weft knitted structures to assess their ability to promote comfort. From the obtained results, it is apparent that the developed structures have potential for application in different market segments, such as clothing and interior textiles.

EMPLOY A BASIC SKILLS IN REVIT TO DEVELOP A COMPUTER COURSE FOR STUDENTS OF ARCHITECTURE IN KAU-SAUDI ARABIA

The importance of Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been accelerating since 2005, and until now because of its advantages and many capabilities that far exceed the traditional CAD programs. This is stimulating many educational institutions to integrate this new technology in their curriculums both at the level of design studios and computer courses. These are computer-aided design courses that support basically the design process through the development of students' skills in digital architectural drawing. The current research tries to develop a computer course that is titled with Computer for Environmental Design and has been taught to new students at the Faculty of Environmental Design (FED) at King Abdulaziz University (KAU). The aim of this phase of development began since 2010 is to address three issues, the first is the need to improve the three-dimensional applications and search for the best software is easy to learn to get high quality as quickly as possible. The second issue is the need to overcome the problem of editing and updating drawings produced by CAD that takes a lot of time and effort and negatively affect the accuracy level of students' projects. The third is the need to integrate with the design studios of FED where Revit has become a basic program used in producing three-dimensional drawing. This research is trying to employ a basic skills provided by the Architectural Revit whereby all 2D and 3D drawings of a project are fully produced in speedy time and high quality. A training program was fully designed that integrates these skills into the course to produce a final high quality product. The program was implemented in its new version to students in the second semester in the academic year 2015-2016. The course was evaluated through a questionnaire to measure students' opinions and impressions toward the course at the end of the semester and then their responses were statistically analyzed. The results showed the strength and significance of the positive impact of the new skills added to the course.

Design and Implementation of Neurosurgery Navigation System

Neurosurgery navigation system consists of an image workstation, infrared optical positioning device and surgical instrument components. The system can use the patient CT/MRI images to develop preoperative surgical plan, choose the best surgical approach, in surgery it can rely on the three-dimensional patient images and optical locator, avoiding critical organizations and major functional areas, to make surgery smaller incisions, more thorough, more secure. The development consists of the following steps: image group management, displaying three orthogonal plane (transverse, sagittal, coronal), 3D reconstruction, image segmentation, three-dimensional drawing, 3D image space and operative space registration structure and function like image fusion. The main work and contribution of this paper is: 1. three dimensional reconstruction using linear interpolation instead of the bilinear interpolation, improve image clarity; 2. 3D rendering, pixel reconstruction filter using windowing, then directly draw pixels to improve rendering speed; 3. human-computer interaction by reducing the resolution to accelerate and achieve real-time three-dimensional rotation; 4. 3D image space and space operation registration method using landmarks, enhanced registration reliability; 5. with fusion of the function and structure image surgery can be used to avoid important functional areas, reduce the risk of disability.

Hybrid Representation: Intaglio Etching of Digital Models

This paper explores an alternative approach to architectural representation by using computation and digital modeling to develop novel modes of drawing. The project was initiated for the International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam (IABR 2014) and was exhibited in the seminal Kunsthal Rotterdam in the summer of 2014. The project, entitled Weerkas, was a set of twelve intaglio etchings. A combination of digital modeling programs such as Rhino, Grasshopper and 3D Studio Max and drafting software AutoCAD were used to develop the drawings. The digital files were photo-transferred and etched using a polymer intaglio plate. The analog/digital hybrid explores the limitations of such a combined means of expression and its possible significance in developing a two from three-dimensional drawing technique.

Three-Dimensional Rapid Prototyping of Multidirectional Polymer Nanoprobes for Single Cell Insertion.

Three-dimensional (3D) thermal drawing at nanoscale as a novel rapid prototyping method was demonstrated to create multidirectional polymer nanoprobes for single cell analysis. This 3D drawing enables simple and rapid fabrication of polymeric nanostructures with high aspect ratio. The effect of thermal drawing parameters, such as drawing speeds, dipping depths, and contact duration on the final geometry of polymer nanostructures was investigated. Vertically aligned and L-shaped nanoprobes were fabricated and their insertion into living single cells such as algal cells and human neural stem cells was demonstrated. This technique can be extended to create more complex 3D structures by controlling drawing steps and directions on any surface.

Is there a relationship between the performance in a chronometric mental-rotations test and salivary testosterone and estradiol levels in children aged 9-14 years?

The consistent gender differences favoring males in some spatial abilities like mental rotation have raised the question of whether testosterone or other gonadal hormones contribute to these differences--especially because such gender differences seem to appear mainly from the age of puberty on. Studies generally suggest that spatial ability is facilitated by moderately high testosterone levels (i.e., levels that are relatively high for females and relatively low for males). However, the role of sex steroids for mental-rotation performance of (pre-) pubertal children has not been the focus of research, yet. In our study, the relationships between different aspects of mental-rotation performance (accuracy, reaction time, rotation speed) and salivary testosterone and estradiol levels were investigated. Subjects were 109 children (51 boys and 58 girls) aged between 9 and 14 years (M = 11.41, SD = 1.74). They performed a chronometric mental-rotations test, in which the stimuli consisted of three-dimensional drawings of Shepard and Metzler cube figures. In addition, saliva samples were gathered for the analysis of free testosterone and estradiol levels. Results showed a significant gender difference in reaction time and rotational speed in favor of boys, and a significant age, but no gender difference in testosterone and estradiol levels. We found no significant relationships between hormonal levels and any measure of mental-rotation performance.

G0200105 3次元細胞描画技術の開発と神経細胞チップへの応用

G0200105 3次元細胞描画技術の開発と神経細胞チップへの応用

Finite Element Analysis of Wind Turbine Lifting Platform Bridge Structure

Designed a new type of wind turbine internal maintenance lifting platform using three-dimensional drawing software SolidWorks to establish the 3D model for the internal maintenance lifting platform. Imported platform bridge part to ANSYS Workbench static and modal analysis module; make load analysis according to the wind turbine operating environment and platform’s most dangerous operating condition and obtain the maximum stress of platform bridge structure and place and form of deformation. Obtained multiple order natural frequency and vibration mode of platform bridge structure through modal analysis. Compared with the standard, it shows that this structure satisfies the strength and stiffness requirement and will generate frequency affecting human body higher than the nature frequency. This thesis provides a theoretical foundation for designing the wind driven generator internal lifting platform and provides a reference for optimization design.

저고도 근접 항공영상을 이용한 현장정보관리

다른 산업현장에 비해 토목 시공현장은 작업 공정이 길고 복잡하여 준공시까지 종합관리 및 공정관리, 품질관리가 어렵고 많은 문제점이 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 토목 시공현장의 상황을 종합적으로 관리하고 현장정보를 상시 모니터링하기 위하여 무인항공사진측량, GPS측량 등을 활용하여 3차원 공간정보를 신속, 정확하게 처리하고, 주요설계, 시공도면 및 공정, 공사비 등을 언제, 어디서든 관리 및 분석하며 시공현장을 종합적으로 관리, 파악할 수 있는 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 토목 시공현장의 계획에서 준공까지 공정관리, 공사진행 확인 등 빠른 의사결정을 위한 최신의 정보를 제공할 수 있고, 고해상도 3차원 공간정보와 설계도면을 중첩하여 객관적으로 현장상황을 판단할 수 있으며, 현황도, 종 횡단면도를 제작하여 토적표, 내역서, 지반고 변화 등 각종 자료를 신속하게 제공하였다. Compare to other industrial sites, the civil construction work not only takes longer time but also has made of complicated processes, such as the integrated management, process control, and quality control until the completion. However, it is hard to take control the construction sites, since numerous issues are always emerged. The study purposes on providing the dataset to synthetically manage and monitor the civil construction site, main design, drawings, process, construction cost, and others at real-time by using the low altitude close-range aerial images, based on UAV, and the GPS surveying method for treating the three-dimensional spatial information quickly and accurately. As a result, we could provide the latest information for the quick decision-making following from planning to completion of the construction, and objective site evaluation by the high-resolution three-dimensional spatial information and drawings. Also, the present map, longitudinal map, and cross sectional view are developed to provide various datasets rapidly, such as earthwork volume table, specifications, and transition of ground level.

Study on Three-Dimensional Design of Crankshaft Piston Group of Diesel Engine Based on Pro-E

In order to establish a three-dimensional model of the crankshaft piston group, the paper puts forward the application of feature modeling method. This method is that the designers extracting the Boolean operation directly from the feature library formed the design and definition of the part model. The paper analyzes the contact between the crankshaft features and its expression, using the Pro-E to build the feature model of crankshaft and the piston-connecting rod group which based on the 4JB1 diesel engine, forming a three-dimensional assembly drawing which provides the new ideas for the design and manufacturing personnel.

Study on the Correlation between Drawing Education and Special Cognitive Ability Evaluation Based on the MCT

Use the international universal theory of evaluation of special cognitive ability with Mental Cutting Test (MCT) to test the students of Science and Technology University. Compare the MCT average scores of fore-and-aft drawing education, it shows that the effect of descriptive geometry teaching is positive correlative with the scores of MCT, the students improved their special cognitive ability from planar drawing to three-dimensional drawing significantly. The students who got lower MCT scores before taking drawing courses improved their MCT scores obviously. The effect of mechanical drawing teaching is feeble correlative with the scores of MCT; it shows feeble improvement in students’ special cognitive ability.

Part Design and Analysis of Cycloid Installation Systems

Cycloidal gear requires rigidly a certain working environment, so its installation and part designing also calls for the greatest care. This paper intends to analyse and design the structure of system components and to conduct a feasibility study based on actual requirements. Three-dimensional drawing software is applied to aid to minimize any error in part designing and upgrade the designing efficiency. Cycloidal pin wheel is featured by compact structure, small volume, light weight, high efficiency, smooth operation, good load capacity and performance against impact and vibration. However, at the same time, owing to its complex structure, difficult manufacture, high demand of precision for processing and assembly, it is very important to design the cycloidal gear system

Structural Optimization of Three Translational Parallel Sorting Robot

The kinematics model of the robot was established, and its structural parameters were studied. Based on coordinate transformation, the inverse solution of the robot was obtained. Its workspace was solved by MATLAB program. Three-dimensional diagram and projection drawing on XY plane of workspace were obtained. In addition, the sorting range various with the different value of Z was studied and obtained. Finally, on the premise of meeting working range of the robot, using the minimum mass of the moving parts as optimization objective, the structural parameters of the sorting robot were optimized using the search method. Simulation results show that the optimized robot can achieve the minimum weight of moving parts and meet the preset sorting range. It is also ensured the sorting flexibility.

Productive modeling for development of as-built BIM of existing indoor structures

The as-built building information model (BIM) has a huge potential for enhancing the efficiency of building and maintenance operations. To facilitate existing-structure data acquisition for the as-built BIM, a terrestrial laser scanner, which is fast, simple to use, and yet highly accurate, is widely employed. However, as-built BIM creation of building interiors using scanned point clouds incurs critical difficulties: the complex design of indoor structures, not to mention obstacles, necessitates time-consuming manual operation and resultantly huge data sizes, which often leads to system slow-down or failure. To manage this problem, most of the recent and current research has looked to full automation; yet facility management personnel still rely on traditional field measurements because their qualitative results can only be obtained under ideal conditions or with some errors. Alternatively, in this paper, a more practical semi-automatic methodology for improved productivity of as-built BIM creation with respect to large and complex indoor environments is proposed. The proposed approach produces three-dimensional (3D) geometric drawings through three steps: segmentation for plane extraction, refinement for removal of noisy points, and boundary tracing for outline extraction. The experimental results for two test sites, a relatively simple corridor and a complex atrium, showed a high data-size reduction rate: to 3.8 and 4.3% of the original sizes, out of 51.5 and 111.5 million points, respectively. Based on the automatically produced geometric drawings and the remaining points, manual as-built BIM creation was conducted. Using the extracted lines as guides, each object and its relationship were more easily identified and modeled. At the same time, the great reduction in the point clouds' data sizes enabled the modeler, using the BIM software, to efficiently manipulate the geometric drawing without system slow-down or failure. The proposed approach was shown to be a potentially effective means of improving productivity and reliability in complex indoor as-built BIM production.

Automatic Corn Potted-Seedling Transplanter of Cycloid Gear Trains

On the basis of the existing potted-seedling transplanting mechanism, a new type of transplanter,a automatic rotary potted seedling transplanter of "Cycloid gear train" was proposed .The trajectory and posture were analyzed while the corn potted seedling was transplanted, the principle and characteristics of the transplanter were demonstrated, the kinematics model was established, and the equation of (anglar) displacement, (anglar ) velocity, and (anglar) acceleration were deduced. Based on above research results, the transplanters computer aided software was developed with Visual Basic6.0, then the structural parameters were calculated which could meet the work requirement . Before the prototype is designed, the feasibility of the structure can be proved through the test of the software, and then the final data would be got: α1=334°, α2=0°, α3=66°, α4=-40°,α5=90°,α6=110°,l1=106mm,l2=187mm.Two-dimensional and three-dimensional drawings were drawn according to above data; the designed model was simulated by ADAMS, the trajectory and posture that meet the work requirements were verified, too.

CFD and Experimental Analysis of a Falling Film outside Smooth and Helically Grooved Tubes

Simultaneous heat and mass transfer are investigated in a falling film outside grooved and smooth tubes. A numerical analysis of the helically trapezoidal-grooved and reference smooth tube was performed in the computational fluid dynamics program “Ansys Fluent 14.” The three-dimensional model drawings in the x, y, and z coordinates are used, and the effects of the falling film outside the helically grooved tube on the surface temperature and surface heat transfer coefficient are determined. The average surface temperature, heat transfer coefficient, and Nu values are determined experimentally for a constant heat flux. An uncertainty analysis and Nu correlation for the grooved tube are also provided in this study. The Reynolds number varied between 50 and 350 for the falling film and between 1500 and 3500 for air. Using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis for the reference smooth tube, the experimental results are validated within 2–12% difference. The experimental results are also within 6–13% of the grooved tubes.

A Coalition of Abilities

Pedro Cabrita Reis (born 1956, Lisbon, Portugal) is one of the leading Portuguese artists of his generation. For the 55th Venice Biennale (2013) Reis fabricated a complex installation incorporating painting, sculpture, photography and found objects as his contribution to the Collateral Events programme. A Remote Whisper spread through all the rooms of the 700 square metres of the ‘piano nobile’ of the Palazzo Falier, interacting with the walls, doorways and floors, deploying aluminium tubes, fluorescent lights and electrical cables as elements in a complex three-dimensional drawing. Richard Dyer met and interviewed Reis in the Palazzo Falier.