Three-dimensional Conductive Network Research Articles

Noncovalent self-assembly of a minuscule amount of nickel porphyrin on carbon nanotube for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing

High-performance and lightweight carbon-based electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials are urgently required for applications in aerospace and next-generation electronics. However, it is of great importance to break through the conventional thinking of loading high-density magnetic metals to improve the EMW absorption performance of carbon-based absorbers. Herein, the 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin nickel (Ni-TAPP) was self-assembled on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) driven by the π-π interactions via a simple, facile, scalable preparation approach. The fabricated Ni-TAPP@CNTs nanocomposites not only effectively integrated the Ni active sites of Ni-TAPP and three-dimensional conductive networks of CNTs, but also exhibited good impedance matching and optimized dielectric loss. Benefiting from this remarkable synergy, the Ni-TAPP@CNTs presented a minimum reflection loss of −66.5 dB (1.9 mm, 10.1 GHz) at a Ni-TAPP content of merely 2.86 wt%. This work undoubtedly provides a high-efficiency strategy for the scalable fabrication of lightweight, durable EMW absorbing materials.

High-Capacity and Long-Lived Silicon Anodes Enabled by Three-Dimensional Porous Conductive Network Design and Surface Reconstruction

High-Capacity and Long-Lived Silicon Anodes Enabled by Three-Dimensional Porous Conductive Network Design and Surface Reconstruction

Constructing three-dimensional conductive network in composite bipolar plates by sacrificial materials for improvement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance

The poor conductivity of traditional polymer-based composite bipolar plates (BP) greatly hinders its wide application in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Three-dimensional conductive network in composite BP can significantly improve its performance. In this work, we propose a simple strategy to prepare an epoxy resin-based composite BP by sacrificial materials, forming a three-dimensional graphite structure (3D-graphite). Specifically, graphite and NH4HCO3 are mixed and pressed at room temperature, and heated at 90 °C to obtain 3D-graphite skeleton. Then, the 3D-graphite skeleton is impregnated by epoxy resin to obtain 3D-graphite/epoxy composites. The construction of 3D-graphite conductive network can greatly improve the electrical conductivity of composite BP. The highest in-plane conductivity is 212.64 S/cm, and area specific resistance is 4.50 mΩ cm2. The thermal conductivity can reach 16.01 W/mK, superior to the randomly distributed graphite/epoxy composite BP. Compared with the traditional mixed graphite/epoxy composite BP, 3D-graphite/epoxy composite BP can significantly improve the performance of PEMFC and its maximum power density (853.42 mW/cm2) is increased by 317.52%. In addition, 3D-graphite/epoxy composite BP has good corrosion resistance and hydrophobicity. This work develops a new paradigm for preparing highly performance polymer-based composite bipolar plates for PEMFC.

Long-life and high volumetric capacity Bi2Sn2O7 anode with interpenetrating Bi–O and Sn–O networks

Conversion-alloying anodes possess high theoretical capacity but suffer from serious phase agglomeration-induced fast capacity fading during cycling. Here, we report that multiple intercross lithiation steps integrated into a p -block bimetal oxide anode can achieve long life and high volumetric capacity behavior. Rationally designed Bi 2 Sn 2 O 7 , which is composed of two interpenetrating Bi−O and Sn−O networks, undergoes intercross four-step reduction-alloying reactions and constructs a mutually buffered anti-coarsening microstructure. The intermixed atom configuration of Bi 2 Sn 2 O 7 establishes three-dimensional (3D) electronic conductive networks, which improve the atomic diffusion barriers for each atom and lower the tendency of phase migration aggregation. Carbon-free Bi 2 Sn 2 O 7 with a superior tap density of 2.2 g cm −3 shows an exceptionally high volumetric capacity of 1,955 mA h cm −3 at 2 A g −1 (approaching the theoretical value of Li metal) and cycled for 500 cycles without decay. This atom immobilization strategy may offer new perspectives for next-generation conversion-alloying-type lithium-ion battery anodes. • Bi 2 Sn 2 O 7 is developed as lithium-ion battery anode • Carbon-free Bi 2 Sn 2 O 7 anode undergoes intercross and self-buffered reactions • Bi 2 Sn 2 O 7 with superior tap density shows ultrahigh volumetric capacity and stability Dong et al. present a rationally designed bimetal oxide Bi 2 Sn 2 O 7 , which is composed of two interpenetrating Bi−O and Sn−O networks. The carbon-free Bi 2 Sn 2 O 7 anode undergoes intercross and self-buffered reactions, showing an exceptional long-term cycling stability and ultra-high volumetric capacity approaching the theoretical value of Li metal.

Thermal management of chips by a device prototype using synergistic effects of 3-D heat-conductive network and electrocaloric refrigeration

With speeding up development of 5 G chips, high-efficient thermal structure and precise management of tremendous heat becomes a substantial challenge to the power-hungry electronics. Here, we demonstrate an interpenetrating architecture of electrocaloric polymer with highly thermally conductive pathways that achieves a 240% increase in the electrocaloric performance and a 300% enhancement in the thermal conductivity of the polymer. A scaled-up version of the device prototype for a single heat spot cooling of 5 G chip is fabricated utilizing this electrocaloric composite and electromagnetic actuation. The continuous three-dimensional (3-D) thermal conductive network embedded in the polymer acts as nucleation sites of the ordered dipoles under applied electric field, efficiently collects thermal energy at the hot-spots arising from field-driven dipolar entropy change, and opens up the high-speed conduction path of phonons. The synergy of two components, thus, tackles the challenge of sluggish heat dissipation of the electroactive polymers and their contact interfaces with low thermal conductivity, and more importantly, significantly reduces the electric energy for switching the dipolar states during the electrocaloric cycles, and increases the manipulable entropy at the low fields. Such a feasible solution is inevitable to the precisely fixed-point thermal management of next-generation smart microelectronic devices.

Core-shell N-doped carbon nanofibers@poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Flexible composite fibers for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption

The conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is uniformly coated on the surface of N-doped carbon nanofibers (NCNFs) to construct NCNFs@PEDOT flexible composite fibers with dual three-dimensional conductive networks. The prepared samples are mixed with paraffin at different mass ratios (2 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %), NCNFs@PEDOT-10 % exhibits a maximum reflection loss (RL) of −66.9 dB at 2.6 mm, while NCNFs@PEDOT-5 % shows a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.72 GHz at 2.7 mm. The excellent electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance is attributed to the conduction loss in the conductive network; the interfacial polarization between NCNFs and PEDOT; and the dipole orientation polarization caused by N atom doping and graphite structural defects. Furthermore, the radar cross section (RCS) values of multilayer composites with positive and negative conductivity gradients are simulated. This work provides a reference for the research of flexible EM wave absorbers and the structural design of multilayer EM wave absorbing materials.

Construction of Na3V2(PO4)2F3@C/CNTs nanocomposites with three-dimensional conductive network as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Self-assembled NVPF@C micron particles disperse homogeneously in the three-dimensional network formed by carbon nanotubes. NVPF@C/CNTs nanocomposites exhibit improved electronic conductivity and cycling stability. • NVPF@C/CNTs nanocomposites were synthesized by a one-step solvothermal method. • Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 nanosheets coated by a layer of carbon are self-assembled into micron particles which disperse in the three-dimensional network formed by carbon nanotubes. • NVPF@C/CNTs nanocomposites exhibit better structure stability and improved electronic conductivity, cycling stability and rate capacity. As a cathode material for Sodium ion batteries, Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 (NVPF) with Na superionic conductor (NASICON) structure shows excellent structural stability and high operating voltage but poor electronic conductance. To overcome this defect, NVPF@C/CNTs nanocomposites with three-dimensional conductive network are constructed by a facile solvothermal method. The Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 2 F 3 nanosheets with thickness of 5 ∼ 10 nm is coated by a layer of carbon and stack layer by layer to form micron particles which disperse in the three-dimensional network formed by carbon nanotubes. The nanocomposites demonstrate remarkable capacity maintenance, with 107 mA h g −1 for 200 cycles at 0.2C and superior rate performance of 68 mA h g −1 at 10C. The outstanding electrochemical performance should be attributed to the novel structure which combines the advantages of nanostructure, carbon coating and three-dimensional conductive network.

Highly conductive and sensitive piezoresistive cement mortar with graphene coated aggregates and carbon fiber

Traditionally, conductive fillers are mixed directly with cement matrix before binding with aggregates to develop piezoresistive cement-based sensors. This results in the most vulnerable region, interfacial transition zone (ITZ), from which microcracks are initiated, merely located at the periphery of the conductive network and thus limits the sensitivity of the smart sensor. This study proposes a strategy to construct a three-dimensional (3D) conductive network in the mortar with ITZ directly embedded in it, thus greatly increasing both the conductivity and piezoresistivity without significantly sacrificing mechanical property. Highly conductive graphene-coated fine aggregates (termed conductive G@FAg particles) are prepared by adsorption of graphene oxide (GO) onto the fine aggregates (FAg) surface, followed by simple annealing and microwave treatment. The combined usage of conductive G@FAg particles and 0.1 wt% 6 mm-CF results in an outstanding electrical conductivity (resistivity of 580 Ω cm) and an excellent fractional change in resistivity (FCR of 30%) under cyclic compressive loading, with a negligible compressive strength loss of 3.1%. Remarkably, the addition of conductive G@FAg particles together with 0.5 wt% 10 mm-CF leads to an excellent conductivity (resistivity of 165 Ω cm) and self-sensing ability (FCR of ∼90%), which outperforms the previously reported mortar directly incorporated with the same concentration of CF and graphene. The much-improved conductivity and FCR value with such a low weight percentage of conductive carbon materials are attributed to the unique 3D network of conductive channels.

CoS2-NC@CNTs hierarchical nanostructures for efficient polysulfide regulation in lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have received extensive attention in electrochemical energy storage systems due to their high theoretical energy density as well as natural abundance of sulfur and low cost. However, Li-S batteries exhibit rapid capacity decay and inferior rate performance due to polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttling and sluggish redox kinetics. Therefore, it is crucial that LiPSs are anchored and their conversion reactions are catalyzed in order to improve the performance of Li-S batteries. In this work, ZIF-67-derived carbon polyhedra decorated with ultrafine CoS2 nanoparticles are interconnected by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The uniformly distributed CoS2 nanoparticles can immobilize LiPSs and catalyze their conversion of solid-to-liquid-to-solid reactions, which enhances the redox kinetics. Furthermore, the three-dimensional conductive network consisting of ZIF-67-derived carbon polyhedra and CNTs facilitates fast electron transport and thus leads to excellent rate and cycling performance. The cells were assembled using CoS2-NC@CNTs-pp and show a high initial discharge capacity of 1408.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 1186.7 mAh g−1 at 1 C, and they remain outstanding cycling stability for over 500 cycles. Even at a high C rate of 5 C, it still can deliver a high discharge capacity of 832.6 mAh g−1. This work provides an efficient route to accelerate redox conversion and suppress the shuttle effect by designing a multifunctional separator.

Hydrothermally prepared composite of Na3V2(PO4)2F3 with gelatin and graphene used as a high-performance sodium ion battery cathode

To improve the inherently low electrical conductivity of Na3V2(PO4)2F3, we design a three-dimensional conductive network and prepare it by hydrothermal strategy. Gelatin can reduce impurities and make the material shape more regular while graphene acts as conductive network that can improve the electrochemical properties. The prepared NVPF-gel/rGO shows a superior sodium storage performance. The reversible capacity is 125.1 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C, 108 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles, and 90.6 mAh g-1 at 5 C. Furthermore, the full cell is successfully fabricated using the hard carbon anode (average working voltage of 3.3 V). NVPF-gel/rGO composite is a potential sodium storage cathode with a good practical application prospect.

3D porous carbon conductive network with highly dispersed Fe–N x sites catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Intrinsic activity and reactive numbers are considered two important factors in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of a strongly coupled hybrid material comprising of FeZn nanoparticles (FeZn NPs) supported by a three-dimensional carbon conductive network (FeZn NPs@3D-CN) for increased ORR performance. Fe–N–C sites can offer high intrinsic activity owing to the unique bonding and oxygen vacancies, and the carbon conductive network facilitating the exposure to active sites, and increasing electron transport. Because of the synergetic effect of the conductive networks containing Fe–N–C and polyaniline, the catalysts exhibited ORR activity in an alkaline medium via a four-electron transfer process. FeZn NPs@3D-CN exhibited outstanding performance with a limited current density (6.2 mA cm−2), the Tafel slope (81.19 mV dec−1), and stability (23 mV negative shift after 2000 cycles), which were superior to those of 20% Pt/C (5.7 mA cm−2, 75.1 mV dec−1, 36 mV negative shift after 2000 cycles). This research highlights the effect of conductive networks expanding pathways and reducing the resistance of mass transport, which is a facile method to generate superior ORR electrocatalysts.

Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Flexible Strain Sensor Based on Fe NWs/Graphene/PEDOT:PSS with a Porous Structure.

With the rapid development of wearable smart electronic products, high-performance wearable flexible strain sensors are urgently needed. In this paper, a flexible strain sensor device with Fe NWs/Graphene/PEDOT:PSS material added under a porous structure was designed and prepared. The effects of adding different sensing materials and a different number of dips with PEDOT:PSS on the device performance were investigated. The experiments show that the flexible strain sensor obtained by using Fe NWs, graphene, and PEDOT:PSS composite is dipped in polyurethane foam once and vacuum dried in turn with a local linearity of 98.8%, and the device was stable up to 3500 times at 80% strain. The high linearity and good stability are based on the three-dimensional network structure of polyurethane foam, combined with the excellent electrical conductivity of Fe NWs, the bridging and passivation effects of graphene, and the stabilization effect of PEDOT:PSS, which force the graphene-coated Fe NWs to adhere to the porous skeleton under the action of PEDOT:PSS to form a stable three-dimensional conductive network. Flexible strain sensor devices can be applied to smart robots and other fields and show broad application prospects in intelligent wearable devices.

Arrangement of ZnFe2O4@PPy nanoparticles on carbon cloth for highly efficient symmetric supercapacitor

Background: Electrodes with engineered hybrid nanostructures offer several possibilities for improved electrochemical performance in the energy storage device. Hybrid of conducting polymer and metal oxide combine synergistically the advantages of both materials such as good electronic conductivity, rate capability and cycling stability.Methods: In the present investigation, a simple and efficient method has been adopted in which ZnFe2O4 with polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles has been produced directly on versatile flexible carbon cloth (CC) substrate by utilizing a basic hydrothermal approach with in-situ oxidative polymerization.Significant Findings: The investigation proved that the electrodes made from CC enrobed ZnFe2O4@PPy (CC-ZnFe2O4@PPy) nanocomposite with a mass loading of 2.5 mg cm−2 offered outstanding electrochemical efficiency. The CC substrate supports the three-dimensional conductive network, flexibility, effective ion diffusion route, and a large surface area for ZnFe2O4@PPy nanocomposite; resulting in an improvement in the specific capacitance of CC-ZnFe2O4@PPy nanocomposite. The specific capacitance of the flexible CC-ZnFe2O4@PPy electrode was as high as 1598.9 F g−1 at 1A g−1 current density. The mounted symmetric supercapacitor, utilizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–H2SO4 gel electrolyte as a separator, provides good energy density and power density of 32.9 Wh Kg−1 and 500 W Kg−1, respectively. Such impressive findings have shown that the CC-ZnFe2O4@PPy electrodes will provide us with a new direction to develop high-performance flexible supercapacitors.

The balanced improvement of electrochemical performance of cobalt disulfide anode material for sodium-ion batteries by constructing reduced graphene oxide conductive network based on “bucket principle”

Recently, cobalt disulfide (CoS2) as a promising candidate of anode material for sodium ion batteries is paid much attention because of the high theoretical capacity. However, the poor rate capability and cycling stability are still the barriers to the large-scale application of CoS2 resulting from its low intrinsic electronic conductivity and severe volume change during the sodiation and desodiation process. In order to address above issues, herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is introduced to define the CoS2 nanoparticles growth in the solvothermal synthesis process and construct the three-dimensional conductive network, which can tune the electronic conductivity, ionic diffusivity and inhibiting effect of volume change of CoS2/rGO composites anode material. It is found that these factors show different trends accompanying with the increase of rGO doping amount. The compact rGO network is beneficial to improve the electronic conductivity and hinder the volume change of the composites, however, it maybe does harm to the fast sodium ion diffusion. And when it becomes sparse, the opposite is true. Hence, a balanced strategy based on “bucket principle” is proposed to achieve the balanced enhancement of the rate capability and cycling performance. The optimized CoS2/rGO electrode acquires a superior performance, possessing 675.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and 471.1 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 with the capacity retention of 69.7%, and it still has 272.5 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 in the voltage range of 0.01–3.0 V. This can be attributed to the improvement of charge transfer process and the excellent accommodating capacity of volume change provided by rGO conductive network. This balanced strategy can also be used to synthesize high-performance composite materials in other fields.

Composition design and performance regulation of three-dimensional interconnected FeNi@carbon nanofibers as ultra-lightweight and high efficiency electromagnetic wave absorbers

Highly dispersed fine FeNi nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated within carbon nanofibers (FeNi@CNFs) have been fabricated through electrospinning followed by preoxidation and carbonization processes. The influences of FeNi content and filler loading on the electromagnetic (EM) and microwave absorption (MA) properties of the FeNi@CNFs/paraffin wax composites are studied in detail. Benefitting from the special hierarchical microstructure including zero-dimensional FeNi@graphitic carbon core-shell NPs, one-dimensional CNFs with short carbon nanotubes protrusions and three-dimensional conductive network, as well as the synergistic effect between small-sized magnetic FeNi NPs and lightweight dielectric CNFs, the as-prepared FeNi@CNFs samples exhibit excellent MA performances at the ultralow filler loading, in which the FeNi@CNFs-2 with a filling content of only 5 wt% possesses the strongest absorbing intensity and broadest effective frequency bandwidth primarily due to better balance between EM attenuation capability and impedance matching. The minimum reflection loss (RL) reaches −31.3 dB (more than 99.9% MA) at 16.3 GHz with a small thickness of 1.7 mm, and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (RL < −10 dB) is up to 5.6 GHz (12.0–17.6 GHz) at 1.9 mm, which are superior to those of many previously reported magnetic carbon-based hybrid absorbers. Our results demonstrate that the proper incorporation of small-sized FeNi NPs into CNFs is an efficient and promising strategy to design lightweight and high-performance EM wave absorbers.

Flexible Pressure Sensor With Wide Linear Sensing Range for Human–Machine Interaction

Flexible pressure sensors hold great potential for applications in human–machine interaction and flexible robotics, but the balance of their sensitivity and sensing range remains a challenge. Here, we proposed a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor based on poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT: PSS) and cross interlocked nylon fabrics. The sensor exhibited a wide sensing range (~1.5 mPa), a low detection limit (6 Pa), a fast response time (less than 40 ms), and an excellent cycling stability (at least 16 000 cycles without any decay). The excellent performance is attributed to the fact that the cross interlocked structure can form a mechanically stable and three-dimensional (3D) sensitive conductive network which allowed a contact area of the pressure sensor to vary continuously, resulting in an extremely large pressure sensing range. In addition, the sensor array system was successfully fabricated and integrated with a rank scanning circuit to achieve mapping and identification of spatial pressure distribution. Finally, we have built and demonstrated a sensing system capable of wireless real-time gesture interaction with a robot. These results provide a new direction for the fabrication of high-performance sensors with tremendous applications for healthcare, wearable electronics, electronic skin, and smart robots.

Electrochemical characterization of CuF2/CNTs cathode materials prepared by a coprecipitation method

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were proposed to improve the electrochemical performances of copper fluoride (CuF[Formula: see text] via a coprecipitation method. FE-SEM and TEM results proved that the three-dimensional conductive network was constructed by the addition of CNTs in the composites, in which some CuF2 particles attached to the outside of CNTs, and some of them grew inside the tube. According to the charge–discharge tests, with CNTs content increasing from 0 wt.% to 30 wt.%, the initial discharge capacities of CuF2 increased from 461 to 571 mAh/g, which exceeded the theoretical specific capacity of the CuF2. Moreover, the electrodes with CNTs exhibited better reversibility and rate performance than the bare electrode. CV and EIS results confirmed that the enhancements could be attributed to the inhibition of the electrochemical polarization of the electrode and the improvement on the diffusion coefficient of lithium ion in the electrode by the addition of CNTs.

Waste Silicone Rubber in Three-Dimensional Conductive Networks as a Temperature and Movement Sensor.

Constructing a three-dimensional (3D) conductive network in a polymer matrix is a common method for preparing flexible sensors. However, the previously reported methods for constructing a 3D conductive network generally have shortcomings such as uncontrollable processes and insufficient network continuity, which limit the practical application of this method. In this work, we report a method for constructing a dual 3D conductive network. The carbon nanotube/graphene oxide co-continuous network (primary network) was introduced on the surface of the waste silicone rubber particles (WSRPs) through the adhesion of polydopamine (PDA), and then WSRPs were bonded into a porous skeleton using nanocellulose. The carbon fiber/carbon ball interconnection network (secondary network) was constructed in liquid silicone rubber (LSR) through the interaction of host-guest dendrimers and was filled into the WSRP skeleton. The dual 3D conductive network structure endowed the sensor with high electrical and thermal conductivity, outstanding stability, and excellent durability. In addition, the sensor showed high strain sensitivity and excellent stability when detecting human body temperature and motion behavior, and the pressure distribution can be spatially mapped through the sensor matrix. These demonstrations give our sensor high potential in the fields of smart devices, body monitoring, and human-machine interfaces.

Approaching well-dispersed MoS2 assisted with cellulose nanofiber for highly durable hydrogen evolution reaction

The agglomeration and low conductivity of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) electrocatalysts restrict the presentation of its real intrinsic reaction activity, which leads to challenges for the high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a well-dispersed and superhydrophilic/superaerophobic MoS2 catalyst with uniform three-dimensional conductive networks have been prepared assisted with cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNT). The resulted CNF/cMWCNT/MoS2 catalysts present a superhydrophilic/superaerophobic state with contact angles for water and bubble of 0° and 154.1° respectively. This structure effectively disperses MoS2 nanoparticles through uniform embeddedness and promotes gas-liquid mass transfer via wettability. Benefiting from these optimizations, the CNF/cMWCNT/MoS2 exhibits better HER performance and a low overpotential (154 mV @ 10 mA/cm2). Encourangingly, CNF/cMWCNT/MoS2 catalysts have a slight decay of 6.99 % at 10 mA/cm2 after 100 h, while the cMWCNT/MoS2 shows a decay of 35.83 %. This approach using natural CNF for well-dispersed catalysts provides a potential for high-performance HER electrode design.

Self-standing reduced graphene oxide/Nb2C MXene paper electrode with three-dimensional open structure for high-rate potassium ion storage

Potassium ion battery (PIBs) is in the primary stage of development, exploring appropriate electrode materials is the key to obtain high performance and practical application. Herein, we design a self-standing reduced graphene (rGO) and Nb2C MXene (3D-rGO/Nb2C) composite paper electrode with three-dimensional porous conductive network by electrostatic absorption self-assembly method. Compared with the compact structure of L-rGO/Nb2C paper electrode via layer-by-layer vacuum filtration approach, the structure design in which the wrinkled rGO is applied as the framework provides a large number of surface active sites and promotes the rapid transfer of K+ to improve the storage capacity and kinetics of potassium ions. Moreover, the 3D-rGO/Nb2C hybrid paper with large specific surface area can effectively accommodate the volume expansion during charging and discharging process and ensure the cycle stability. At current density of 500 mA g−1, the 3D-rGO/Nb2C hybrid paper electrode delivers an initial capacity of 207 mAh·g−1, which is maintained at 139 mAh·g−1 after 1000 cycles. The 3D-rGO/Nb2C hybrid paper combines both diffusion mechanism and pseudo-capacitance mechanism, which significantly improves its electrochemical performance in K-ion storage. These results show the good potential of the 3D-rGO/Nb2C hybrid paper as a high-performance electrode.