Luckmann Research Articles

Gender Resistance in Women's Beauty in TikTok

Beauty is an important thing that is maintained by the majority of women. One way to maintain beauty is to use various beauty products. Apart from beauty according to the construction of various cultures, now there seems to be a generalization of beauty standards. This article was created to explain the form of rejection of beauty standards that become stereotypes on social media platforms. The method used in collecting data uses ethnographic methods, and literacy studies. The theory used is the theory of 'Social Reality' which was put forward by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. So it can be concluded that gender resistance to women's beauty on tiktok shows that there is significant gender in the context of beauty on tiktok. Women use this platform to defy gender expectations and express themselves in ways that are more authentic and free from existing norms. They try to change the commonly accepted definition of beauty and show diversity in physical appearance and lifestyle.

해석적 사회과학관에 기반을 둔 융합 관광연구를 위한 탐색적 논의: 관련 이론의 지적 흐름을 중심으로

Purpose: This study examined the intellectual flow of theoretical paradigms based on interpretive social science views and discussed what academic position each theory occupies in tourism studies and how related theories can be applied to the tourism research ecosystem. It particularly sought to expand the academic research scope of tourism studies by examining representative theoretical flow based on interpretive social science views. In addition, this study aimed to explore the need to review various theories and research methods that can be appropriately applied to the analysis of complex aspects of modern tourism. Methods: This study reviewed literature on the intellectual flow of related theories from Wilhelm Dilthey, Max Weber, Edmund Husserl, and Alfred Schütz to Peter Ludwig Berger and Thomas Luckmann to present the philosophical and theoretical foundations of qualitative research methods for Korea’s tourism studies with an identity as an applied science. It also examined what extensive intellectual collaboration should be made for the existing tourism studies for the main content of each theory to be established as an academic field of convergence research. Conclusion: This study explored the academic significance of tourism studies and the flow of intellectual paradigms based on interpretive social science views. Such academic reviews that include diverse perspectives from researchers can contribute to promoting convergence research results of tourism studies through cross-theoretical and methodological collaboration with adjacent academic fields in the future. The process of structuring tourism theories will need to use various criteria to sustainably maintain and improve this convergence research ecosystem.

Exploring the construction of masculinity among male K-POP fans: a case study of K-POP fandom in Makassar City within the context of social environmet and education

Background: In contemporary Indonesian society, K-Pop has emerged as a significant cultural phenomenon with a unique impact on gender perceptions. This study aims to explore the social construction of masculinity among K-Pop fanboys in Makassar, Indonesia, and examine the societal positioning of this form of masculinity. It draws on the definition of masculinity as a societal construct and examines how masculinity is shaped by social influences. Method: Utilizing Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann's theory of social construction, the study views masculinity as a dynamic process involving externalization, objectivation, and internalization. It also references Janet Saltzman Chafetz's identification of areas of masculinity and R.W. Connell's concept of hegemonic masculinity to understand the hierarchical nature of masculine identities. Findings: Despite the popularity of K-Pop, male fans often face negative stigma and discrimination due to perceptions of K-Pop as feminine. The study reveals how masculinity is constructed among K-Pop fanboys in Makassar and their experiences of societal discrimination. Conclusion: By analyzing these dynamics, the study contributes to a broader understanding of the diverse forms of masculinity and the impact of cultural phenomena like K-Pop on gender constructs. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study highlights the unique dynamics in the construction of masculinity among male K-Pop fans in Indonesia, revealing the complex interactions between global culture, local gender identities, and social stigma. By applying social construction theory to the K-Pop phenomenon, this study opens up new perspectives in understanding the evolution of masculinity in the era of pop culture globalization.

SOCIALIZATION OF DIGITAL TELEVISION BROADCAST TECHNOLOGY CONVERSION (STUDY REGARDING THE REPRESENTATION OF DIGITAL TELEVISION BROADCAST TECHNOLOGY IN OMNIBUS SHORT FILM)

Omnibus Short Films are a collection of several short films that have the same theme. Omnibus Short Film with the Theme Migrasi TV Analog / Omnibus STB consists of 4 (four) Short Films entitled : TV Ini Kubelikan Untuk Anakku Tapi Istriku Marah-Marah, Ningali TV, Mbayar and Menjarah. This research uses the Social Reality Construction Theory which is a theory from Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann (1966). This research method uses the Charles Sanders Pierce Semiotic Method, to research and analyze film texts. Apart from that, the researcher also carried out communication interactions with various sources, observations, interviews, documents and other materials as evidence or proof, related to the Socialization of Digital Television Broadcast Technology Conversion (Study Regarding the Representation of Digital Television Broadcast Technology in Omnibus Short Films). The paradigm used in this research is constructivist. This research uses a qualitative approach which allows researchers to discuss the research in more depth. The novelty or novelty of this research is the Omnibus Short Film with the Theme Migration of Analog TV / Omnibus STB, as a medium for conveying messages to the public, has shown that the film is able to make the circulation of information through the socialization of the conversion of digital television broadcast technology, faster and evenly distributed in efforts to socialize the conversion of digital television broadcast technology. This means that it has completed Peter L. Berger's Social Reality Construction Theory, namely that all this time Peter L Berger never talked about the media, but then it was the media that led to representation. So the media plays a role as a construction and representation of reality, in the socialization of the conversion of digital television broadcast technology

STREAMING MUSIK SEBAGAI KONSTRUKSI IDENTITAS (SEBUAH KAJIAN LITERATUR)

In the current digital era, it is incredibly simple to appreciate music. It is now possible to enjoy music without purchasing CDs, cassettes, or even black plates. The availability of music streaming services has rendered internet connectivity the sole requirement for unrestricted music listening. Thus, music can be utilised to accompany daily activities as background music. Prior studies have indicated that an individual's identity might be discernible through the music collection hosted on a music streaming platform. This literary study aims to investigate the process of identity formation through music streaming services, drawing on past research and the social construction theory proposed by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. Internalisation, externalisation, and objectivation are the three dialectical moments of social construction that occur during the identity formation process via the music streaming service, according to this literary analysis. The moments of introspection an individual experiences while listening to music on a personalised streaming service are compiled into a playlist that contributes to the formation of one's sense of self. When identical identities are present in a society, objectivation ensues, resulting in the formation of a new social identity

Konstruksi Sosial Masyarakat Kota Bengkulu terhadap Gaya Komunikasi Laki-laki Feminin

The phenomenon of feminine men's communication styles in society has resulted in changes in values ​​that have received attention. This research aims to determine the social construction and actions of the people of Bengkulu city towards feminine men's communication styles using Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann's Social Reality Construction Theory which includes three dialectical moments, namely externalization, objectivation and internalization. The results of this research are divided into three dialectical moments. First, the moment of externalization of informants who have circles and those who do not have circles with feminine men tend to stigmatize the communication style of feminine men like women, and is considered deviant behavior which is feared that there will be sexual deviations such as LGBT. Second, the moment of objectification of informants who have a circle and who do not have a circle with feminine men see the communication style of feminine men as a character in which the traits, attitudes and behavior shown in the form of self-presentation such as gentle and graceful demeanor, less manly, so considered weak men. Third, the moment of internalization of informants who have circles and those who do not have circles with feminine men consider that feminine men are good, friendly, pleasant individuals, good public speaking, expressive, confident, and tend to be the center of attention. The social construction of communities that have or do not have circles with feminine men assesses the communication style of feminine men as the character, traits, attitudes and behavior shown by certain individuals as a form of self-presentation which is considered positive and also negative. The social behavior of people who have or do not have circles with feminine men are open and can accept the communication style of feminine men but still limit their social interactions, interactions and communication for fear of deviation.

Memory, Religion, and Authoritarianism in Post (1994)-Genocide Rwanda

This article attempts to theorise governmental efforts of the Kagame regime to construct a common national identity that precariously hinges on the adoption of an official revisionist history. Guided by Jan Assmann’s theory of cultural memory and Maurice Halbwachs’ collective memory, it may be argued the government’s official narrative of Rwanda’s idyllic history is a strategy for securing Rwanda’s future by linking it to an ancestral past. This narrative is largely supported by museums and the frozen memories of Tutsi returnees — to the exclusion of competing narratives — as materialised and publicly disseminated through traditional dances and tandemly pursued through private spaces through infiltration and closure of churches and mosques. However, per Rebekah Phillips DeZalia, a new version of history must successfully replace the former in the personal narratives of the people and not simply control public discourse through a top-down approach. Hence, the Kagame regime is also utilising a bottom-up strategy of infiltrating day-to-day, intimate spaces — one of which is religious spaces by both exploiting and curbing religious influence, appropriating religious language, and referencing the divine right of kings — all which are designed to sustain public confidence in the possibility of post-1994 genocide reconciliation and to realise Kagame’s vision of a unified and prosperous Rwanda. The regime’s strategy involves inverting the overall passage of personal memory to collective memory to history as well as repressing memory in official memorials by excluding narratives that contradict or do not legitimise the Kagame regime’s agenda. This tandem manipulation and suppression of memory is aided by the aggressive campaign of church and mosque infiltrations as well as closures, respectively, which may be functionally understood using Thomas Luckmann’s notions of invisible religion (Rwandan government) as competing with visible religions (Christianity and Islam). These government strategies are detrimental to the trauma-coping potential of visible religions and undermines reconciliation — highlighting the fragile architecture of Kagame’s authoritarian vision for peace.

Kontruksi Sosial Mengenai Stunting di Indonesia

Stunting in toddlers is caused by insufficient nutritional intake for quite a long time due to parents/family not knowing or not being aware of providing food according to their child's nutritional needs. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the social construction of society that shapes an understanding of the nutritional status of toddlers and the parenting style of toddlers that causes stunting. This study uses the theory of social construction by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study can be concluded that it is not because of a lack of budget, lack of health workers, and related programs, but rather the difference in communication and meaning from the health service providers (village midwives, health center staff and the health office), with those in the community

When stories are not the same: power and powerlessness in a Nigerian Museum

ABSTRACT In this paper, we provide an alternative reading to one of the most fundamental claims of the exhibitionary complex, which argues that museums are symbols of power, greatness, wealth, and progress. On the contrary, we adopt Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann's (1996) concept of social constructionism and Star & Griesemer's concept of the border object and infrastructure to deconstruct the possibility of the fixity of meaning in Bennett's argument about the exhibitionary complex. We therefore argue that the many museums in Africa are slightly different. Rather than being a symbol of the people's power, wealth, and greatness, they reflect powerlessness and pain, which characterise their history. With histories such as the Transatlantic slave trade and British imperialism, which lasted through the 17th and 19th centuries, we discuss the Badagry Black Heritage Museum as a site not exclusively about power and greatness. The paper concludes that the defining characteristic of museums is their diversity, which offers multiple perspectives on their functionality, significance, and theoretical underpinnings. While Bennett's idea is laudable, there is a need to open up the concept of accommodating the specific features of museums across the world and develop new concepts or ideologies that reflect them.

Toxic Masculinity di TikTok

This research see the social media that is a free place to express becomes the place which full of boundaries for men because of the demands to be a masculine men and to be accepted in society. This research is aimed to perceive the phenomenon of toxic masculinity in TikTok, and to discover the effects and the person who does the toxic masculinity. This research used netnography method with data analysis techniques through Atlas.ti and be strengthened by social construction of mass media by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. This research was conducted by research dislocation in TikTok especially in hastag #toxicmasculinity. The results of this research are quite a lot of people who realize about the negative impact of toxic masculinity that can be seen by some related education contents. Lots of netizens who commented in those contents confessed that they got toxic masculinity directly and in cyber space by family, teachers, and friends. The results of content analysis also showed that the victims feel anxious, stress, and forced to run the male role, thus need to consult to psychologist and psychiatrist as the impact of toxic masculinity.

A sociological genealogy of transcendence

The aim of this article is to carry out a sociological genealogy of transcendence – understood as a condition of possibility of creativity – articulated from three milestones in its conceptual evolution: The first focuses on the study of the link between transcendence and religiosity in the scenario of primitive societies. We will stop to study how, as Émile Durkheim shows in The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, in this type of society transcendence acted and was articulated mainly through two types of mechanisms: ritual and collective effervescence. The second milestone is established theoretically on the basis of the analysis of transcendence carried out by Hans Joas, in his work The Power of the Sacred, and by Georg Simmel, in ‘Life as Transcendence’. For the former, transcendence is sacredness that becomes reflexive, while for the latter, transcendence is the essence of social life, and implies an exercise of going beyond oneself. In this second moment in the sociological evolution of transcendence we focus on its reflexive dimension, linked to the fact that, since the emergence of the Axial era (800-200 BC), the subject becomes an object for itself, a problem to which answers must be given, whether in terms of soteriology or truth. The third milestone analyzes what we can call ‘variable geometries of transcendence’, and for its study we take as a reference the typology of transcendences articulated by Alfred Schutz and Thomas Luckmann in their work The Structures of Social Life (vol. 2), which unfolds around three categories: ‘Little Transcendencies’, ‘Medium Transcendencies’ and ‘Great Transcendencies’. In this scenario, the sociological key is provided not so much by the decline of the formulas of religious transcendence, but by the coexistence of different and heterogeneous formulas of transcendence (secular and religious) that struggle to obtain a voice and social recognition in the civil sphere.

The Invisible Religion (1967) by Thomas Luckmann: Still an Inspiring Program for the Study of Contemporary Religion

The Invisible Religion (1967) by Thomas Luckmann: Still an Inspiring Program for the Study of Contemporary Religion

Construction Of Islamic Philanthropy Based On Local Culture (Study On Wonorejo Digital Village, Poncokusumo District, Malang Regency)

Indonesia as a country with a majority Muslim population has philanthropic developments that are quite encouraging both nationally and globally. This cannot be separated from the influence of the dimension of religiosity in Islam which is constructed in the culture of society. One of the customs that has been passed down for generations and continues to be preserved by the people in Wonorejo Village, Poncokusumo District, is the existence of various congregational traditions that become a forum for Islamic philanthropic practices typical of the Wonorejo Village community. This paper aims to analyze: 1) the construction of Islamic philanthropy in the Wonorejo Village community; 2) the process of acculturation of Islamic educational values into the local culture of the Wonorejo village community, and 3) the influence of local culture-based Islamic philanthropy on the socio-economic conditions of the Wonorejo Village community. The theoretical approach used is the social construction theory of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann and the Koentjoroningrat acculturation theory. Location is restricted in Wonorejo digital village Poncokusumo Malang. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. Data collection is carried out by observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. While checking the validity of data through triangulation. The results of the study found three things in the moment of externalization (the existence of exemplary characters), objectification (the existence of institutionalized community appreciation) and internalization (normative-theological-conservative, sociological-pragmatic-calculative, sociological-empirical-intuitive typologies). Meanwhile, in the acculturation process of Islamic philanthropy and local culture, there are a) influential scholars, b) group lifestyles, c) the means of practicing Islamic philanthropy, and d) the positive response of the community. Meanwhile, in the process of the influence of local culture-based Islamic philanthropy on the socio-economic conditions of the community, the people of Wonorejo digital village feel that the practice of zakat, infak and sadaqah and waqf has become a necessity and even creates a pattern of friendly, harmonious and peaceful relations even though it is not optimal in alleviating poverty in the local community, especially the absence of the use of technological media as a base for local Islamic philanthropy.

Konstruksi Sosial Gender pada Profesi Penata Kuku

This article aims to uncover the realities of the social construction of gender surrounding the profession of nail stylist in Pontianak City. It explores the stereotypes and stigmas associated with individuals working in the nail care industry, particularly for men in their field of profession. This research refers to the social construction of gender theory proposed by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, using an anthropological lens to examine gender and sexuality, with a focus on the characteristics and stigmas associated with being a nail technician. This research adopts a qualitative approach, employing a case study method in Pontianak City, supported by unstructured interviews, secondary data, and available research documents from the internet. The findings of this research challenge the social construction that declares nail care as suitable only for women and that only effeminate men are suitable for this profession, contrasting with the reality found through the accounts of the informants.

Re-defining the Character Arc through Berger and Luckmann’s The Social Construction of Reality

Although a prominent characteristic of western cinematic narratives, the structure of psychological transformation known as the Character Arc remains ill-defined. Currently popular models based on value judgements demonstrate significant shortcomings, particularly the inability to account for the relativity of such judgements from one narrative context to the next. To rectify such issues, this article proposes a re-definition of the cinematic Character Arc using concepts obtained from Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann’s book, The Social Construction of Reality. This new definition reframes the Character Arc as a dialectic between the ‘subjective reality’ of the protagonist and the ‘objective reality’ of the primary sphere of diegetic action. Through environmental friction and the acquisition of new knowledge, a protagonist’s initially incongruent mental model undergoes a process of re-socialization, creating a more objective comprehension of the demands or necessities of the story world and its social phenomena. The drama of a Character Arc is frequently informed by a clash of multiple ‘realities’, producing various complexities in form.

Реконструкция трех типов трансценденций в социологии религии Томаса Лукмана

Although Thomas Luckmann was at the origin of secularization theory, which is considered to have finally lost its relevance in the early 1990s, some parts of his theory of religion are still of interest. This paper focuses on the transcendence concept, which is assumed to be crucial for Luckmann’s theory of religion and remains a relevant resource for the study of religion today. The text advances and substantiates the thesis that explicitly or implicitly, three types of transcendence can be found in Lukman’s theory of religion. The description of the anthropological transcendence focuses on the transcending of the human organism to the social world. The explication of this process leads us to the conclusion that the condition for the possibility of religion is the property of the organism to construct gradients of importance before any reflection on this importance. The description of phenomenological transcendence focuses on the process of “shrinking” of the experience of the transcendent underlying religion: from religions of “great” transcendence (world religions), to religions of “medium” or even “little” transcendence (privatized religions). The discussion of this type leads to the idea that religious experience does not disturb the course of everyday life, but is a condition of it, and that although any experience can be the basis of religion, there must be a way of selecting experiences that have a higher probability of being experienced religiously. The description of sociological transcendence focuses on the process of internalization and reconstruction of self-evident “ultimate” socially objectified significances (socio-historical a priori) transcendent to the individual and underlying their everyday life. In this sense, the process of privatization of religion suggests that the practice of “choosing” a private religion is part of, rather than a condition of, a system of “ultimate” significance. Understood in this way, Lukman’s theory of transcendence allows us to look at some relationships important for the sociology of religion from a different angle. For example, the relationship between religion in the public and private sphere, the relationship between religious and everyday experience, and the relationship between the functional boundaries of religious and secular institutions.

Nije ograničeno ni definirano, već konstruirano i internalizirano

Donald Barthelme’s short fiction is marked by a dashing concentration on everyday life, construction of meaning, and plurality of reality in addition to his playful, metafictional, and fragmentary style. Although a fertile ground for exploring sociopolitical matters, particularly in the mid and late 20th century America, the review of studies on Barthelme’s works highlights a lacuna in the application of conceivably pertinent sociological and political theories on Barthelme’s short stories. Accordingly, Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann’s The Social Construction of Reality (1966) could be a congruous theory with Barthelme’s sociological concerns in his short fiction. In their treatise, Berger and Luckmann see reality as a kind of “collective fiction” that is constructed by the processes of institutionalization, socialization, and everyday social interaction, particularly through language. In this article, we read “The Balloon” and “I Bought a Little City,” which are selected thematically, in light of “society as objective reality” through the concepts of objectivation, institutionalization, and legitimation. Linking literature and sociology, we aim to pinpoint how the stories observe, unveil, and potentially critique construction of meaning and the real workings of the processes in the social construction of reality.

Students’ Construction on Political Space Openness for Generation Z

Generation Z has had enough age to join the political space. They have great potential in politics. Political parties open space for the public to participate in general election contestations as legislative candidates. Generation Z is no exception. However, the problem is when Generation Z has no interest in entering the political space. This can be motivated by the younger generation, both millennials and generation Z, who are less interested in political issues. And the absence of space and desire to channel their political desires and aspirations. This study aims to determine students' views as Generation Z and identify the processes of externalization, objectification, and internalization of the opening of political space. The method applied is a qualitative method. The theoretical perspective used is the social construction theory of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. The results of the study show that students as Generation Z have determined their political position in choosing candidates. However, they are not interested enough or have not had the full opportunity to join a political party).

Social Construction of Islam by the Shi’a Community in Pekalongan City, Central Java

This study intends to identify the establishment of Islamic social construction in the Shi’a community in Pekalongan City. Qualitative research applied in this study gathered from case studies using a phenomenological approach. Data came from in-depth observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory of social construction formulated by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann became the basic theory of analysis. The results showed that the social construction of Islam in the Shi’a community in Pekalongan City was formed through externalization, objectivization, and internalization. The process of externalization through the dissemination of knowledge of Shi’a teachings, as well as about the specialty of Ahl al-Bayt in the religious authority of Muslims. Objectivization happened according to Shi’a teaching habituation moderately, responding to the plurality of under­standings and social attitudes of the Muslim religion. The internali­zation process went with awareness to not apply the teachings of taqiyyah. In addition, the availability to live in harmony thrives on maintaining the integration of state life in Indonesia. The theoretical implications of this study show that theological inclusivism can form moderate and open religious social understandings and attitudes in the plurality of religious life. However, this study did not examine the role of the Pekalongan City Government in advocating for the benefit of the Shi’a community as a minority group in Pekalongan City which becomes the limitation of this study.

Konstruksi Realitas Petani Kelapa Sawit Dalam Film Naga Naga Naga: Analisis Semiotika Charles S. Peirce

The national palm oil industry is increasingly becoming the government's attention. In the midst of opinions about the dominance of big companies and the weak image of smallholder oil palm plantations, demonstrations triggered by the scarcity of cooking oil show the figure of Indonesian oil palm farmers. This study wants to explore how the media constructs the reality of oil palm farmers. The theory used is the social constructions of reality Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. While the descriptive qualitative research approach uses the semiotic analysis method of Charles Sanders Peirce. The data analysis technique used non-participant observation and secondary documents. The results of the research on the Naga Naga Naga film with the main character Nagabonar concluded that there is a semion with an interpretation of oil palm farmers. With the triangle of meaning method, oil palm farmers are constructed as people who are economically prosperous, have high nationalism, and have intelligent thoughts even though they are not formally educated. This study is also a reflection on the reality that occurs in the community.