Third-party Payment Research Articles

跨境电商借助eWTP推动普惠贸易发展的难点与对策

随着互联网的普及，跨境电子商务以较高的增速发展，全球市场结构和商业模式的转变，使得中小企业在全球跨境电子商务中地位节节攀升，消费者也可以变为卖家参与到国际贸易中来，普惠贸易时代即将来临。本文介绍了eWTP(世界电子贸易平台)提出的背景及内涵，以及eWTP对普惠贸易的促进作用，分析了推进普惠贸易进程的难点，包括国际监管流程复杂，跨境税收面临困难；国际物流高成本、低效率制约普惠贸易发展；虚拟交易引发信用危机，第三方支付尚未完善；区域贸易协定阻碍全球普惠贸易发展，并给出相应的对策建议。 With the popularity of the Internet, cross-border e-commerce with high growth rate of develop-ment, the global market structure and business model changes, making small and medium enter-prises in the global cross-border e-commerce in the rising position, consumers can also become sellers to participate in international trade, inclusive trade era is approaching. This paper intro-duces the background and connotation of eWTP (Electronic World Trading Platform), and the promotion of eWTP to inclusive trade. It analyzes the difficulties in promoting the implementation of inclusive trade, including the imperfect international regulatory mechanism and the difficult implementation of government tax. High-cost, low efficiency restricts the development of inclusive trade; virtual transactions lead to credit crisis, third-party payment is not yet perfect; regional trade agreements hinder the development of global inclusive trade, and give the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.

Examining the Influencing Factors of Third-Party Mobile Payment Adoption: A Comparative Study of Alipay and WeChat Pay

Examining the Influencing Factors of Third-Party Mobile Payment Adoption: A Comparative Study of Alipay and WeChat Pay

Implementation of inpatient models of pharmacogenetics programs.

The operational elements essential for establishing an inpatient pharmacogenetic service are reviewed, and the role of the pharmacist in the provision of genotype-guided drug therapy in pharmacogenetics programs at three institutions is highlighted. Pharmacists are well positioned to assume important roles in facilitating the clinical use of genetic information to optimize drug therapy given their expertise in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. Pharmacists have assumed important roles in implementing inpatient pharmacogenetics programs. This includes programs designed to incorporate genetic test results to optimize antiplatelet drug selection after percutaneous coronary intervention and personalize warfarin dosing. Pharmacist involvement occurs on many levels, including championing and leading pharmacogenetics implementation efforts, establishing clinical processes to support genotype-guided therapy, assisting the clinical staff with interpreting genetic test results and applying them to prescribing decisions, and educating other healthcare providers and patients on genomic medicine. The three inpatient pharmacogenetics programs described use reactive versus preemptive genotyping, the most feasible approach under the current third-party payment structure. All three sites also follow Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for drug therapy recommendations based on genetic test results. With the clinical emergence of pharmacogenetics into the inpatient setting, it is important that pharmacists caring for hospitalized patients are well prepared to serve as experts in interpreting and applying genetic test results to guide drug therapy decisions. Since genetic test results may not be available until after patient discharge, pharmacists practicing in the ambulatory care setting should also be prepared to assist with genotype-guided drug therapy as part of transitions in care.

Communication With Patients and Families as a Global Determinant of Health: Lessons From Care of Children With Special Health Care Needs.

Until recently, patients and families were not considered by all providers to be valued members of the health care team. Many providers made decisions away from the bedside and then told the patient and family what they could expect from the plan of care. This top-down approach is not limited to one country or culture but reflects an attitude prevalent in biomedicine around the globe. However, the paradigm is beginning to shift. Skyrocketing health care costs have prompted value-based purchasing, in which third-party payment is linked to patient outcomes and satisfaction. Providers and health care organizations are scrambling for evidence-based models to improve communication and other satisfaction-related criteria. This article proposes that teaching patients and families use of the Situation/Background/Assessment/Recommendations (SBAR) tool, traditionally used among health care professionals, will improve communication, enhance patient and family satisfaction, and potentially improve patient outcomes overall. The SBAR4Patients project demonstrates the positive impact SBAR can have on parents of chronically ill children.

ECPs and Psychotherapy: Battling the Obstacles

ECPs and Psychotherapy: Battling the Obstacles

과업기술적합도 모형을 활용한 모바일 간편결제 서비스 이용의도의 영향요인에 대한 실증연구

Recently, due to the rapid development of IT (information technologies), a variety of attempts have been made to incorporate IT into other fields such as finance and manufacturing. Among them, a novel concept in the spotlight is FinTech, which is a combined word of finance and technology. FinTech is a line of business demonstrating an innovation development through IT in the financial service industry. One of the most popular types of FinTech is a third-party mobile payment service (MPS), the examples of which can be easily found in South Korea while the actual use of the service is relatively inactive. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate influencing factors of intention to use the third-party MPS. Based on individual characteristics and the task-technology fit model, the research model of the study is developed, with switching cost included as a moderating variable. The results of structural equation model testing with 316 potential users of Kakao Pay, one of the most popular business models of the third-party MPS, show that innate innovativeness, task characteristics, and technology characteristics are positively influencing task-technology fit, which in turn significantly affects intention to use the third-party MPS. The negative moderating role of switching cost is also found. These results could help managers develop better strategies to motivate potential users to participate in their services.

Modeling and Verification of Online Shopping Business Processes by Considering Malicious Behavior Patterns

Recently, online shopping integrating third-party payment platforms (TPPs) introduces new security challenges due to complex interactions between Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) of Merchants and TPPs. Malicious clients may exploit security vulnerabilities by calling APIs in an arbitrary order or playing various roles. To deal with the security issue in the early stages of system development, this paper presents a formal method for modeling and verification of online shopping business processes with malicious behavior patterns considered based on Petri nets. We propose a formal model called E-commerce Business Process Net to model a normal online shopping business process that represent intended functions, and malicious behavior patterns representing a potential attack that violates the security goals at the requirement analysis phase. Then, we synthesize the normal business process and malicious behavior patterns by an incremental modeling method. According to the synthetic model, we analyze whether an online shopping business process is resistant to the known malicious behavior patterns. As a result, our approach can make the software design provably secured from the malicious attacks at process design time and, thus, reduces the difficulty and cost of modification for imperfect systems at the release phase. We demonstrate our approach through a case study.

Analyzing the Factors that Influence Development of Chinese Mobile Third-party Payment Platform: the Customers Perspective

Analyzing the Factors that Influence Development of Chinese Mobile Third-party Payment Platform: the Customers Perspective

Reuse Intention of Third-Party Online Payments: A Focus on the Sustainable Factors of Alipay

An anonymous transaction environment and the advantage of virtual property have resulted in trust playing an important role in the rapid growth of online shopping in China. To satisfy this trust issue, Alibaba (China) Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China) invented Alipay, the largest third-party online payment service. Using a structural equation model (SEM), this paper attempts to determine whether Alipay’s service quality factors are truly sustainable. The results indicate that only two of five factors—convenience and security—are significantly mediated by the sustainable performance of customer satisfaction as a mediator. The other three factors—usefulness, responsiveness and economy—were rejected for the role of customer satisfaction, even if they are accepted regarding the direct effect on reuse intention. This result implies that Chinese web companies need to make greater efforts not to ensure initial success, but instead to ensure sustainable performance.

Subjective evaluation versus public information

This paper studies a principal–agent relation in which the principal’s private information about the agent’s effort choice is more accurate than a noisy public performance measure. For some contingencies the optimal contract has to specify ex post inefficiencies in the form of inefficient termination (firing the agent) or wasteful activities that are formally equivalent to third-party payments (money burning). Under the optimal contract, the use of these instruments depends not only on the precision of public information but also on job characteristics. Money burning is used at most in addition to firing and only if the loss from termination is small. The agent’s wage may depend only on the principal’s report and not on the public signal. Nonetheless, public information is valuable as it facilitates truthful subjective evaluation by the principal.

Cyclical swings: The bête noire of psychiatry.

Progress in psychiatry in the West has been retarded by the proclivity of the discipline to swing violently between 2 approaches to viewing mental illness; that is, emphasizing-to the exclusion of the other-the material-somatic vs the psychical-experiential avenues to knowledge. Each time a shift occurs, the leaders of the new dominant approach emotionally denounce the principles and ideas that came before. We can examine this phenomenon historically by looking at Romantic psychiatry, mid-/late-19th century empirical psychiatry, psychoanalysis, and modern biological psychiatry. Looking at the 2 approaches in treatment today, the gold standard of patient care involves combining empirical/psychological care in 1 person (the psychiatrist) or shared between 2 clinicians working intimately with each other (psychiatrist with psychologist or social worker.) Yet as regards psychiatrists, they are discouraged from paying full attention to the psychological side by the way managed care and third-party payment have combined to remunerate them. Finally, how do we account for the intense swings and denunciations in psychiatry? The author speculates on possible explanations but leaves the question open for her readers.

Harnessing Potential: The Asia-Pacific Alternative Finance Benchmarking Report

Online alternative finance is developing rapidly in the Asia-Pacific region. It is characterised by innovative financial instruments and channels that fall outside the traditional avenues of capital raising and financial intermediation. From reward-based crowdfunding to peer-to-peer consumer and business lending (i.e. marketplace lending), to invoice trading and equity-based crowdfunding, these online alternative finance activities are directly connecting lenders to consumer and small business borrowers, raising venture capital for start-ups, funding the creative industries and creating new ways for individuals and institutions to choose how and to whom money is distributed, lent and invested. This benchmarking research is the first comprehensive study of the Asia-Pacific online alternative finance market. It has been conducted by an international research team from the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance at Cambridge Judge Business School, the Tsinghua University Graduate School at Shenzhen, the University of Sydney Business School, in partnership with KPMG and with the support of the ACCA and CME Group Foundation. Working with over 20 industry research partners, together we have systematically collected survey data from 503 leading alternative finance platforms operating in 17 Asia-Pacific countries and regions, out of which, 376 were from mainland China. Our definition of online alternative finance focuses on the provision of finance to individuals and businesses through alternative channels via online marketplaces outside of the banking system. It excludes activities such as peer-to-peer insurance, online money market funds or third-party payments. The report captures an estimated 70% of the visible market, and estimates that the total Asia-Pacific online alternative finance market grew 323% year-on-year to reach $102.81 billion USD in 2015. Market size & growth China is the world's largest online alternative finance market by transaction volume, registering $101.7 billion (or RMB 638.79 billion) in 2015. This constitutes almost 99% of the total volume in the Asia-Pacific region. In comparison, the total size of the UK online alternative finance market was $4.5 billion (or £3.2 billion) in 2015. The Chinese online alternative finance market grew from a relatively low base of $5.56 billion in 2013 to reach $24.30 billion in 2014 and then went on to reach $101.7 billion in 2015 - an average growth rate of 328% between 2013 and 2015. Marketplace/peer-to-peer consumer lending is the largest market segment in China with $52.44 billion lent, followed by marketplace/peer-to-peer business lending ($39.63 billion) and real estate lending ($5.51 billion). Online invoice trading reached $1.46 billion, equity-based crowdfunding recorded $948.26m and reward-based crowdfunding rose to $829.52m in 2015. Excluding mainland China, the rest of the Asia-Pacific region recorded a volume of USD $1.12 billion in 2015 with a 313% year-on-year growth rate from the $271.94 million raised in 2014. Japan's online alternative finance market accrued $360.23m in 2015, followed by $348.37m originated in Australia, $267.77m in New Zealand, $41.18m in South Korea, $39.91m in India and $39.76m in Singapore. However, New Zealand has the highest alternative finance volume on a per capita basis outside of China with $59.37 per capita, followed by Australia ($14.83), Singapore ($7.27), Japan ($2.83) and Hong Kong ($1.28). China's alternative finance market volume per capita stands at $74.54 in 2015. In terms of prevailing market segments outside of China, marketplace/peer-to-peer business lending was the largest with $355.51m, followed by market/peer-to-peer consumer lending ($326.22m), balance sheet business lending ($120.62m), invoice trading ($116.95m), reward-based crowdfunding ($81.22m) and equity-based crowdfunding ($64.13m).

Safety Analysis and Strategy of Alipay

With the widespread use pay treasures, which occupy an increasingly large daily, the proportion of third-party payment, pay treasure security issues become more and more prominent. So, how to better respond to Alipay security risks, how to improve its security, these are very important to discuss the contents. This article briefly learn Alipay technical processes missing from the mobile phone, Internet and transaction worries wireless network vulnerabilities, a brief description of the security issues Alipay, and put forward relevant measures in the third chapter of governance.

The Capital Budgeting Process of Healthcare Organizations: A Review of Surveys

Several surveys have been administered over the last 40 plus years to learn about capital budgeting practices of healthcare organizations. In this report, we analyze and synthesize these surveys in a four-stage framework of the capital budgeting process: identification, development, selections, and post-audit. We examine three issues in particular: (1) efficiency of for-profit hospitals relative to not-for-profit hospitals, (2) capital budgeting practices of the healthcare industry vis-à-vis other industries, and (3) effects of healthcare mergers and acquisitions on capital budgeting decisions. We found indirect evidence that for-profit hospitals exhibited greater efficiency than not-for-profit hospitals in recent years. The acquisition of not-for-profits by for-profits is credited as the primary reason for growth of multihospital systems; these acquisitions may have contributed to the more efficient capital budgeting practices. One unique attribute of healthcare is the dominant role of physicians in almost all aspects of the capital budgeting process. In agreement with some researchers, we conclude that the disproportionate influence of physicians is likely to impede efficient decision making in capital budgeting, especially for nonprofit organizations.

Medication Adherence and Incident Preventable Hospitalizations for Hypertension.

Potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPHs) for hypertension (HTN) is one indicator of possible failed ambulatory care. Rates of PPHs for HTN have remained fairly level since the late 1980s, which may reflect a lack of understanding of the drivers of these hospitalizations. Anti-HTN medication non-adherence has been studied as a potential risk factor for other cardiovascular disease outcomes but not for PPHs for HTN. A cohort analysis was conducted during 2005-2012 of people with HTN enrolled in commercial and employee health plans with claims in the MarketScan database. PPH for HTN was defined according to specifications published by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The proportion of days covered (PDC) algorithm was used to assess adherence to antihypertensives. Crude- and multivariate-adjusted incident PPHs for HTN rates were calculated, as well as third-party payments for selected PPH for HTN-related expenses. During 9,344,528 person-years of follow-up (mean=3 years), 6,008 incident PPHs for HTN were identified among 3,099,291 people. The crude rate for good adherence (PDC ≥80%) was 23.2 per 100,000 person-years compared with 102.6 per 100,000 person-years for poor adherence (PDC <40%). Over the 8-year study, PPH for HTN-associated payments equaled $41 million. Payments for those with poor adherence were four times higher than for those with good adherence. Poor anti-HTN medication adherence is strongly associated with PPHs for HTN. Improving the percentage of people who achieve good medication adherence is one possible approach to reducing the burden of PPHs for HTN in the U.S.

A Critical Analysis of the Anti-Money Laundering Measures Adopted by BitGold Inc.

PURPOSE – The overriding objective of this study is to increase public and private sector understanding of money laundering and terrorist financing risks associated with internet payment systems with the focus on Virtual Currencies like BitGold as the most vulnerable to abuse because of their popularity, accessibility (to the public), and high volume of cross border trade transactions. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH - The present study critically analyses the Anti-Money Laundering measures adopted by BitGold Inc. BitGold is a consumer-focused internet platform offering free global payments combined with unprecedented access to secure, redeemable gold for savings. BitGold Inc. is a federally chartered Canadian Corporation regarded by Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada as a dealer in precious metals and stones. This paper relies mainly on primary and secondary data drawn from the public domain. It also relies on documentary research and empirical research. FINDINGS - This paper determined that the Anti-Money Laundering measures adopted by BitGold Inc. cannot effectively combat money laundering and terrorist financing.This paper made the following recommendations:i. Verification of customer's identity should also be done via Skype.ii. BitGold's terms and agreement should state expressly the period within which records would be keptiii. BitGold Inc. should create and maintain a comprehensive program to manage the Anti-Money Laundering risks associated with third-party payment processors like Blockchain Limited and Coinbase, Inc.iv. BitGold Customer Due Diligence measures should provide an exemption for low-risk customers.

Contemporary Lex Mercatoria in China

Notwithstanding the negative effects arising from global economic recession, E-commerce transactions in China has increased steadily. Meanwhile, the legal system still lacks specific regulations concerning consumer protection of distance contracts. Nevertheless, the distance consumer market in China is well self-regulated, due to its reliance on a version of the Lex Mercatoria. This article will discuss the detail of the modern Lex Mercatoria that has developed in China, and draw conclusions on its future. The first aspect is “right of withdrawal” which has been adapted from the European Union’s legal system. Another aspect is “escrow” which Chinese is known as “third-party payment method”. This has been borrowed from the common legal system. The former is a self redress mechanism whereby the consumer can protect whereby the consumer can protect himself during the purchasing process; the latter is a mechanism for security of payment. These two legal concepts do not operate in isolate. On the contrary, they cooperatively break through the difficulty that can occur in practice, when the trader fails to reimburse the consumer. Even though the EU Directives require the trader to return all payments when the right of withdrawal id exercised by the consumer, repayment is frequently withheld or delayed. This approach enrolls escrow to solve the problem, by returning the payment via an escrow holder, which is a credit-neutral third party. The combination of these two concepts makes up the hybrid approach of modern Lex Mercatoria in China. The paper will concludes that increased protection for distance consumer protection in China will be advanced by the use of this Lex Mercatoria and led to further development of relevant legislation.

Application of Network Security Technology in the Internet Finance

With the popularity of the Internet and the rise of mobile Internet application, the Internet finance is growing rapidly. The Internet finance includes online shopping, mobile payment, online financial management etc. However, there exists security problems in third-party payment, online shopping, online banking, mobile payment, etc. In order to solve the security problems with Internet finance, on the one hand, government should establish and perfect law and regulation systems, standardize network security technology, strengthen the network supervision, and make more effort to crack down Internet crimes; on the other hand, Internet users need to enhance network security awareness, and network security researchers should provide methods and countermeasures to prevent the online frauds.

Métodos de rastreamento de erros refracionais baseados em equipamentos

Uncorrected refractive errors are the main cause of decreases in visual acuity, and after cataracts, they are the second most important cause of blindness. In Brazil, most of the population lacks access to ophthalmology services and treatments; therefore, vision-screening programs are fundamental. Instrument-based vision screening is fast, does not depend on behavioral responses, requires minimal cooperation on the part of children, and is particularly useful for children in the pre-verbal phase, children who can't read, and children with developmental delays. Vision-screening methods to determine refractive errors using instruments (such as portable autorefractors and photoscreeners) may be used to examine children aged between 6 months and 3 years, as well as older children with disabilities or children who do not respond well to Teller visual acuity cards. As a whole, these methods identify the presence of optical and anatomical abnormalities, as well as risk factors for amblyopia, and estimate their magnitude. The use of this new technology is highly dependent on third-party payment policies, which may create a significant barrier to its implementation.

BulaPay: a novel web service based third-party payment system for e-commerce

The availability of social media and 4G Mobile Internet services boosts e-commerce markets. The online payment systems are an integral part of e-commerce. It becomes the increasing need for online shopping and trading to use secure and low cost third-party payment systems. In this paper, we present an online purchase system of BulaPay that is capable of integrating common e-commerce frameworks and shopping cart systems. Using a set of Web services and simple HTML as its interfaces, BulaPay supports complete payment transactions for a business process in a worldwide way. BulaPay not only enables consumers and shop owners to carry out their daily business on the Internet, but also provides them secure, flexible, reliable, and efficient services. This paper presents an overview of the BulaPay system. The comparisons of our system to the existing third party payment systems are given. We also report the results of the end user evaluation on BulaPay.