Third Decade Of August Research Articles

The impact of biologically enhanced fertilisation systems on sweet potato (Ipomoеa batаtas) productivity and quality

The relevance of this research lies in determining the potential use of microbial preparations with varying functionalities to optimise the nutrition and stimulate the growth processes of sweet potato plants, as well as the synergistic effects of different preparations. The developed nutrient optimisation systems are designed to restore soil fertility, reduce the anthropogenic load on vegetable agroecosystems, produce high-quality yields, and increase sweet potato productivity without relying on energy-intensive production methods. This study aimed to investigate the impact of biological fertilisation systems on the biometric parameters, yield, and quality of sweet potato tubers. The research programme was implemented through field, statistical, computational-analytical, and laboratory methods. An increase in the number (7.33-9.83 per plant) and length (175.55-184.89 cm) of shoots was observed with the application of the biological preparations “Groundfix” + “Humifriend”, “Help-Rost for vegetables”, and “Mycofriend”. The use of foliar fertilisations in three terms of “Help-Rost for vegetables”, both in combination with “Mycofriend” during fertigation and with the foliar fertilisation “Humifriend”, resulted in maximal leaf mass formation on the plant (2.41-2.56 m2 /ha in the third decade of June and 23.12-27.45 m2 /ha in the third decade of August). Microbial preparations significantly increased net photosynthetic productivity by 28.9-63.9% during the period from the third decade of June to the third decade of July, especially when “Groundfix” and “Humifriend”, or “Humifriend” and “Help-Rost for vegetables” were combined. A substantial commercial yield of tubers (17.4 t/ha) was achieved by applying the mycorrhizal preparation “Humifriend” (1.5 L/ha) in the first fertigation and conducting three foliar applications of “Help-Rost for vegetables” at 2.0 L/ha. Treatments involving biological preparations demonstrated improvements in key biochemical parameters. The use of “Groundfix” + “Humifriend” and “Humifriend” + “Help-Rost for vegetables” resulted in a decrease in nitrate levels in the produce. The authors hypothesise that the optimal supply of micronutrients, particularly iron, manganese, and molybdenum, enhances the transformation of nitrates into organic matter. This research provides valuable insights for the rational application of biologically enhanced fertilisation systems to achieve high yields and quality of sweet potato tubers in various agricultural settings

Насіннєва продуктивність моркви за безвисадкового способу вирощування в умовах Півдня України

Goal. To establish seed productivity of carrots non-transplantation (seed-to-seed) method at drip irrigation in the southern of Ukraine was the purpose of our research. Methods. The researches were based on complex use of field, calculated- comparative mathematical-statistical, methods and system analysis. Results. It was determined that in the conditions of the south of Ukraine at the conditions of drip irrigation it is possible to obtain a high level of overwintering of mother plants of carrots using the without transplantation method of seed production. It was established that the time of sowing and the density of seed plants have a significant effect on growth, development, seed productivity and seed quality. It was determined that the optimal time for sowing is the first or second decade of August, the seed yield significantly increases by 14,1–18,0% compared to sowing in the third decade of August. It is established that the planting scheme has the greatest influence on the formation of the productivity of seed. The level of seed yield is significantly influenced by the density of plants, which is formed at the end of the autumn vegetation of the mother roots. At a density of 250 thousand plants/ha, the seed productivity of plants was 20,8% higher than at a density of 150 thousand plants/ha. The highest seed yield (596 kg/ha) was recorded for sowing in the first decade of August and the density of seed plants was 250 thousand plants/ha. From data of cross-correlation-regressive analysis dependence is certain and the mathematical model of the productivity of seed is built depending on the technological methods of growing. The correlation dependence was established between seed yield and the density of seed plants: the regression coefficient is R=0,98. The quality of seed substantially did not change from the time of sowing and the density of plants. When sowing in the first decade of August, germination energy and seed germination were by 1,3 and 4,3% higher than when sowing in the third decade of August. The suitability of the seed variety was 97,0%. Conclusions. Using the method of growing table carrot seeds without planting root crops makes it possible to obtain a seed yield at the level of 475-596 kg/ ha, with high sowing qualities. Seeds grown by the non-transplanting method meet the requirements of the state standard of Ukraine, presented to the certified seeds of the first reproduction.

The influence of sowing dates on the formation of the soybean seed yield in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone

Relevance и methods. In the field experiment in the conditions of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone, the influence of four sowing periods (30.04; 05.05; 10.05; 15.05) on the formation of the yield of early-maturing soybean seeds of the variety Svetlayawas studied.Results. When sowing at a later date, the emergence of seedlings was accelerated and a faster development of plants was observed during the growing season. Thus, when sowing on May 15, the duration of the sowing — germination period was reduced by 6 days compared to sowing on April 30, and the duration of the growing season from germination to maturation was reduced by 4 days. When sown on April 30, soybeans reached harvest ripeness steadily in the third decade of August, when sown on May 15, the ripening of soybeans goes to September, which can lead to unstable ripening of seeds, since the temperature regime in September does not meet the requirements of soybeans. The conducted studies have shown that high yields of soybean seeds at the level of 2.73 t/ha can be obtained on the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone in favorable weather conditions. The most favorable conditions for the formation of a seed harvest in this region are created when sowing on May 5. When sowing on April 30, decreasesuch indicators as field germination — by 12.7%, plant survival — by 2.2%, the height of the first inflorescence — by 2.6 cm and the biological yield of seeds — by 20.1% . At later sowing dates, there is also a decrease in seed yield by 19.5–40.8% due to a decrease in field germination (by 2.9–4.9%) and the weight of seeds from the plant (by 21.6–32.4%).

Weed development in sunflower and chickpea crops depending on micro-irrigation methods

The article presents the results of experimental studies on the effect of micro-irrigation methods (drip irrigation with the surface laying of irrigation pipelines (IP) and subsoil drip irrigation with laying of IP at a depth of 30 cm) on the species and quantitative composition of weeds. The variant with a natural moisture supply (without irrigation) served as a reference area. Field research was conducted in the period 2020-2021 on the lands of the Brylivs’ke experimental field of the Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation of NAAS (Dry Steppe subzone) in sunflower and chickpea crops. Monitoring of the number and species composition of weeds was carried out by applying the recording framework by the method of the Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS during the third decade of May and the third decade of August. Based on the results of experimental research, it was proved that the irrigation methods (and hence the conditions of moisture supply) reliably influenced the degree of weed development in sunflower and chickpea crops. It was specified that the implementation of subsoil drip irrigation on average over the years of research reduced the degree of weed development in sunflower and chickpea crops by 1,65 and 1,55 times, respectively, compared to the typical surface laying of drip irrigation pipelines. Ultimately, that reduced the pesticide load on the field agro-ecosystem by reducing the number of herbicide treatments of crops by an average of 33-50 %. The species composition of weeds was not significantly affected by the method of irrigation. In addition, the researchers have shown that, regardless of the irrigation method, weed development in crops significantly reduced the productivity of the investigated crops: sunflower by 18,0-21,2 % and chickpea by 27,9-29,7 %. At the same time, in non-irrigated conditions, the degree of weed development had a greater impact on crop yield; thus, yield reduction in the reference variant without irrigation was 24,6 % for sunflower and 30,0 % for chickpeas.

Terms of sowing forage crops for haylage production under the conditions of Central Yakutia

In recent years the agricultural production in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has been introducing the technology of haylage production, which can replace part of the silage and hay in the ration of animals. However, stable raw materials of herbage are not enough for the technology of haylage production in Yakutia. Natural forage lands cannot provide a new technology of haylage production with herbage, since the entire area of haymaking goes to hay harvesting. Therefore, the selection of forage crops to create a reliable raw material base for haylage is a very relevant research topic. The purpose of the research was to study the terms of sowing forage crops for haylage production under the conditions in the Central Yakutia. The research has been carried out in the research and production permanent out-station in the M. G. Safronov Yakut Scientifi c Research Institute of Agriculture for three years. The experimental site was located on the second above-fl oodplain terrace of the Lena River Valley. The objects of research were the following varieties of zoned annual crops – oats of Pokrovsky variety 9, peas of Capital variety, spring vetch of Priobskaya variety 25, barley of Tammy variety. It has been found as a result of research that in the soil and climatic conditions in the Central Yakutia for the production of haylage for plant growth and development, dynamics of accumulation of dry matter, yield and nutritional qualities, the most effective mixtures are: vetch (1,2 million pcs/ha) + oats (2,5 million pcs/ha) and peas (0,8 million pcs/ha) + oats (2,5 million pcs/ha) germinating seeds. As the result of the conducted research, the optimal terms for sowing annual grasses for haylage have been established such as the 1st term (sowing in the third decade of May, harvesting in the first decade of August), the 2nd term (sowing in the second decade of June, harvesting in the third decade of August), the 3rd term (sowing in the first decade of July, harvesting in the first decade of September) in the phase of milk-wax ripeness in cereals and in the phase of fruit formation in legumes.

Peculiarities of <i>Hypericum perforatum</i> L. reproduction <i>in vitro</i> culture and development of plants in the open field

The possibility of using the method of cell and tissue culture for microclonal reproduction of St. Johns wort is shown. Direct morphogenesis was obtained using seedlings without roots at the age of 12 days. It was found that the introduction of BAP in a low concentration (0,1 mg/l) with IAA 1,0 mg/l into the MS nutrient medium promoted the minimum bud formation with the maximum yield of morphologically normal shoots without the need for an elongation phase. At the stage of rhizogenesis, the process of root formation was observed in all variants of the experiment; the proportion of shoots with roots was high and ranged from 88 to 90%. The maximum height of shoots, the number of pairs of leaves per shoot, and the length of plant roots were reached on the MS nutrient medium with IAA 1,0 mg/l. The period of adaptation to non-sterile conditions was 30 days, while a high yield of regenerant plants was observed. The survival rate of the adapted regenerant plants in field conditions was high (100%). Regenerant plants developed rapidly and bloomed in the first year. It was revealed that before planting in open ground, St. Johns wort plants propagated in vitro culture and passed the stage of adaptation to non-sterile conditions in containers with soil mixture formed a sufficiently developed root system from regenerant plants with a large number of adventitious roots 68 cm long. At the base of the shoot, from 2 to 5 renewal shoots 912 cm in height were formed. On the 65th day after transplanting, the number of renewal shoots more than doubled and averaged 7,8 pcs. per individual with a shoot height of 23 cm. In the third decade of August, the plants entered the budding phase, and on September 20, they entered the flowering phase. It was noted that by the beginning of flowering, the height of the plants increased to 4954 cm, and the diameter of the shoot up to 0,4 cm. From 16 to 24 pairs of oblong-ovoid standard leaves were formed on the plant. The formation of the floral part of the shoot (inflorescence) 2027 cm long began with the axils of 914 leaves and consisted of 710 pairs of lateral axes (paracladia). The average number of flowers was 82. The amplitude of variability of the main morphological traits of the shoot of the studied plants was at low and medium levels. It was found that the development of microclonally propagated plants by the end of the first growing season corresponded to the growth and development of St. Johns wort plants of the second year of life grown by seedlings.

Кетпен тауындағы Виттрок рауғашының (Rheum wittrockii) биологиялық ерекшеліктері

Мақалада Кетпен тауындағы Виттрок рауғашының (Rheum wittrockii) биологиялық ерекшеліктері туралы мəліметтер келтірілген. Зерттеу мақсаты— Кетпен тауының солтүстік шатқалдарында жəне тау шалғындарының табиғи популяцияларында кездесетін Виттрок рауғашының (Rh. wittrockii) табиғи жағдайдағы биологиялық ерекшеліктерін анықтау. Зерттеу объектісі— Кетпен тауының табиғи популяцияларында кездесетін Виттрок рауғашы (Rh. wittrockii). 2015–2017 жылдың маусым–шілде айларында маршруттық-барлау əдісін қолдана отырып Алматы облысы Ұйғыр ауданына қарасты Кетпен тауының солтүстік шатқалдарында зерттеу жұмыстары жүргізілді. Өсімдік тұқымының морфологиялық ерекшеліктерін анықтау Н.Л. Удольскаяның (1976) əдістемелік нұсқауы бойынша жасалды. Үлкен даму циклындағы өсімдіктердің органдарының құрылымдық өзгеруін систематикалық бақылау, биологиялық eрекшеліктерін, құрылымын анықтау Л.А. Жукованың (2012) инструкциясымен жəне «Программа и методика…» (1986) деп аталатын əдістемелік нұсқаулық бойынша іске асырылды. Кетпен тауында Виттрок рауғашы теңіз деңгейінен (1900–3200 м) биіктіктерде кездесетіндігі анықталды. Өсуінің 1-ші жылында тек вегетативті органдары дамиды. Генеративті өркендердің дамуы өсімдіктің өсуінің2–3-ші жылында басталады. Репродуктивті генеративті өркендердің қарқынды өсуі— вегетативті өркендерінің өсуімен қатар жүреді. Гүлдеу фазасы 7–10 күнге созылады. Бір дарағының гүлдеуі 3–5 күнді құрайды. Генеративті фаза 7–8 (10) жылға дейін созылады. Жемістену процесі шілде айының ортасынан бастап, тамыздың соңғы онкүндігіне дейін жалғасады. Жемістену фазасы 12–14 күн. Өсімдіктің вегетациялық кезеңі 60–75 күнді құрайды. Тұқымы— үшбұрышты жаңғақша. Өскіндердің өсуі жерасты. Өскін— екі нағыз жапырақтан тұрады. Жерасты өркендер жүйесі— көпжылдық өркендердің жерасты жүйесі негізгі жержатаған өркендердің апикальды бүршігі меристемасының белсенділігі есебінен шексіз ұзақ моноподиальды өсудің нəтижесінде пайда болған көпсалалы каудекстен тұрады. Виттрок рауғашының тамыры негізгі, жанама тамырлардан тұрады. Жер асты бөлігінде нəзік жас тамырлары топырақтың беткі горизонтында дамиды. Өскіннен бастап қартайған генеративті кезеңнің ұзақтығы 15–16 жылды құрайды.

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ СРОКОВ ОТКРЫТИЯ ЛЕТНЕ-ОСЕННЕЙ ЛЮБИТЕЛЬСКОЙ И СПОРТИВНОЙ ОХОТЫ НА ВОДОПЛАВАЮЩУЮ ДИЧЬ НА СЕВЕРЕ НИЖНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

In accordance with Russian legislation, the timing of hunting for game birds can be adjusted at the regional level. Biological justification can be crucial in determining the timing of the hunt, namely the timing of the start and end of the hunting season. Based on the registration of waterfowl, a biological justification for the timing of the opening of hunting in the summer-autumn and autumn-winter seasons is given. The studies were carried out in the Saratov region in the water area of the Volga River (Volgograd reservoir). A total of 7 surveys were carried out, the total length of the survey routes was 100.6 km. The dominant species in the brood period is the mallard. Shares of recorded birds: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L, 1758) - 96.6%, coot (Fulica atra L, 1758) - 2.5%, teal-cattle (Anas querquedula L, 1758) - 0.9%. The beginning of the mallard incubation period in 2020 is the first decade of May. The period of mass incubation of masonry by mallards is from the third decade of May to the second decade of June. The first mallard chicks appeared in the third decade of May. From the second decade of June to the second decade of July - the period of mass appearance of mallard chicks. The proportion of non-flying young mallards in the second decade of August was 33.3%, in the third decade of August - 28.3%. The end of the period of mass rise of young mallards "on the wing" took place in the first ten days of September, the proportion of non-flying young mallards in this period amounted to 4.3%. The increase in the number of mallards in the second and third ten days of July amounted to 142.0%. The beginning of the migratory summer-autumn period of 2020 (for species that do not tend to nest in the study area) fell on the first ten days of September. Biologically substantiated period for the opening of hunting in the summer-autumn and autumn-winter season is the first ten days of September (the share of non-flying young animals is less than 10%).

Влияние декадного атмосферного увлажнения на урожайность яровой пшеницы в лесостепной зоне Новосибирской области

In the period 1960-2017 (May to September) in the forest-steppe zone of the South-East of Western Siberia, there is a significant increase in air temperature in the third decade of August and the first decade of September, and a decrease in atmospheric precipitation in the first decades of June and August. To characterize the intensity of droughts and atmospheric waterlogging, the Ped drought index ( Si ) was calculated. In years with high and low yields, excessively humid conditions ( Si 1.1) - for two or four decades. Yields above 16.5 c/ha were observed with excessive atmospheric humidification in the third decade of June and the first decade of July; less than 6 .4 c/ha—with an increase in aridity in the first decade of May, June, the first and second decades of August. The analysis of linear trends made it possible to determine the general trend of change in the yield of spring wheat in the study area (+0.7 c/ha/10 years). Regression analysis between decadal anomalies of atmospheric humidification and yield of spring wheat was carried out. The closest links are between spring wheat yields and drought of varying intensity in the first decade of May, the first and second decades of August.

IS HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) A KEY PEST IN WESTERN ROMANIAN PAPRIKA PEPPER CROPS?

Recent changes in intensive vegetable production systems in Romania, but also throughout Europe, with the frequent and sometimes exclusive use of monoculture for certain groups of vegetables, including the Solanaceae group, have resulted in major changes in entomofauna in these areas. In addition, we are witnessing global climate change that also affects the composition and density of entomofauna in these agro-ecological areas. Under the influence of these two decisive factors, the dynamics of a pest population is oscillating and, therefore, some less known or newly entered species in the research area (invasive species) begin to cause significant damage to crops and especially to their control. 20 years after the first mentions of the attack, this pest causes considerable damage to the pepper crop, in the case of the present study, paprika. From the pepper crop for paprika, in 2020 in Chișlaca locality, Arad County, a number of 11 pest species were collected. The species Helicoverpa armigera was the predominant species, registering the highest number of specimens.The dynamics of larval populations showed an oscillating evolution, depending on climatic conditions, the maximum threshold being reached on the third decade of August.

Особливості сезонного розвитку видів роду Juglans L. в умовах Київського Полісся

Досліджено особливості сезонного розвитку рослин роду Juglans в умовах Лісостепу України у 2015-2018 рр. Встановлено, що умовах Лісостепу першим починають вегетувати рослини зі Східноазійської флористичної області (J. mandshurica) 3.04±4,5. За період фенологічних спостережень спочатку фаза цвітіння відбувалась у Східноазійських видів (J. mandshurica) 07.05±6,1 за суми ефективних температур 361,1±32,2. Рослини з Мадреанської флористичної області починають цвісти пізніше від усіх дослідних рослин – 25.05±6,1 (J. major) за суми ефективних температур 407,2±12,8. Завершення цвітіння спочатку спостерігається у рослин зі Східноазійської флористичної області (J. mandshurica) 19.05±6,2 за суми ефективних температур 401,2±65,1. Найпізніше з-поміж усіх дослідних видів завершується фаза цвітіння у рослин з Мадреанської флористичної області (J. microcarpa) 08.06±6,5 за суми ефективних температур 496,1±24,4. Достигання плодів спочатку відбувається у рослин Східноазійської флористичної – наприкінці третьої декади серпня (J.mandshurica) за суми ефективних температур +2430±5,1 оС. Достигання плодів у рослин з Атлантико-Північноамериканської флористичної області відбувається на початку другої декади вересня – 12.09±3,3 (J. nigra) за суми ефективних температур 2675±6,4 оС. У рослин з Мадреанської флористичної області плоди достигають на початку третьої декади вересня. Початок осіннього забарвлення листків спочатку зафіксовано у рослин зі Східноазійської (Японо-Китайської) флористичної області 28.08±9,5 (J.mandshurica) за суми ефективних температур 2430±6,5 оС. Найпізніше, з усіх дослідних видів, ця фаза настає у рослин з Мадреанської флористичної області (J. major) 15.09±6,5 за суми ефективних температур 2705,1±60,4. Листопад (кінець вегетації) спочатку спостерігається у рослин Східноазійської (Японо-Китайської) флористичної області, в середньому 12.09±3,7 за суми ефективних температур +2675,4±105,65 оС. У рослин Мадреанської флористичної області листопад настає пізніше від усіх дослідних видів в середньому 22.09±6,7 за суми ефективних температур +2780. З'ясовано, що кліматичні умови району інтродукції сприятливі для масового вирощування цих рослин. Тривалість вегетаційного періоду рослин Juglans становить 173‑195 днів, що відповідає тривалості вегетаційного періоду в регіоні інтродукції.

Young peacock-shaped plants need protection

Goal. Paulownia felines — Paulownia tomentosa L., a promising bioenergy crop for our country. In the early stages of organogenesis (juvenile and immature), young plants of the peacock sprout easily suppress weeds. Therefore, young plantations of such a promising bioenergy crop need reliable and effective protection against the adverse effects of weeds. Method. Weeding processes for young peacock plantations in the small field experiments were conducted in 2018—2019. on the experimental lands of the Yaltushk SSS IBEK and the Central Bank of NAAS The area of the plots is 36 m2, the area of the plot is 25 m2. Repeat studies — 4 times. Placement of sites is regular in two tiers. Seeds and young plants (seedlings) of Clone 112 were used for growing on the plots. Results and Discussion. Contamination of plantations was mixed. The records, carried out on 01.06, recorded the presence of seedlings of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Pal Beauv, Setaria glauca (L.) Pal.Beauv, Chenopodium album L., Sinapis arvensis L., Thlaspy arvense L., Polygonum scabrum Moench., mustard beetle, Polygonum convolvulus L, Solanum nigrum L. The number of weeds averaged 89.5 pcs/m2. The largest number of seedlings was recorded in millet rooster 12.4pcs/m2, mouse gray — 10.3 pcs/m2, white swans — 8.7 pcs/m2, bear­ded birch — 7.3 pcs/ m2, talaban field — 7.1 pcs/m2. By the third decade of August, their number had increased to 134.0 pieces/ m2. Conclusions. Under the conditions of co-vegetation of young peacock-planted plants with weeds, the height of their plants by the second decade of September averaged 23.6.cm. The height of crop plants that vegetated without adversely affecting the presence of weed plantations (4 consecutive manual weeding) averaged 63.8 cm or 2.7 times greater. Such a negative impact requires the implementation of protection measures for young plants.

Peculiarities of influence of growing technology elements on the photosynthetic activity of sugar beet crops

Purpose. To determine the influence of elements of cultivation technology on the photosynthetic activity of sugar beet crops.Methods. Field, laboratory.Results. Studies show that by the third decade of June, sugar beet plants on average have formed a leaf surface at the level of 3.5 thousand cm2/plant, which is sufficient for effective photosynthesis. But in the third decade of July, it increased and on the average in the experiment on the ungrounded variants amounted to 4.1, and in the fertilized 5.3 and 5.5 thousand cm2/plant. The analysis shows that as of the third decade of August, the area of the leaf surface was maximum compared to other time intervals, amounting to 4.4, and 6.0 and 6.3 thousand cm2/plant fertilized respectively. Photosynthetic potential for the period from the third decade of June to the third decade of July in the version without the use of mineral fertilizers the best were: Sofia, Umansky BS97, ICB 0801, Vesto and Zluka, using N150P150K150: Hero. Sofia, Uman BS97, ICB 0801, Vesto and Zluka, but for the introduction of N300P300K300: Hero. Sofia, Uman ES97, ICB 0801, Vesto, Zluka and Uman ES90. But from the third decade of July to the third decade of August, the photosynthetic potential was 0.95–2.63 million m2 × days/ha, due to the fact that the leaf area increased slightly, by 0.3–0.8 thousand. cm2/plant. In terms of net photosynthesis performance in the period from the third decade of July to the third decade of August, the maximum values were in the experiment compared to other intervals. So, the best dry matter per unit area of leaf surface accumulated the following hybrids: Hero (5,21–7,25), Constant (3.09–4.94), Mace (3.67–5.68), Romulus (3,27–4.54) and Uman FM90 (2.87–4.33 g/m2 per day).Conclusions. It was established that in the third decade of August the maximum leaf area was in hybrids: Alexandria, Umansky Emergency 90, Zluka, ICB 0801, Romulus, Quarto and Sofia. But from the third decade of August to the third decade of September, the maximum values of photosynthetic potential were in the following hybrids: Sofia (1.68), Ukrainian World Cup72 (1.13), Romulus (1.35), Quart (1.35) and Zluka ( 1,13). From the third decade of September to the third decade of October, the best net photosynthesis productivity was observed in hybrids: Vesto (0.42–1.19) and Quart (0.98–1.08 g/m2 per day).

Influence of foliar feeding on productivity and the quality of apple fruit in conditions of Krasnodar Territory

The article presents the results of a field experiment to study the effectiveness of the special complex fertilizers of various compositions in the fruiting plantings of dwarf apple trees Renet Kubanskiy and Prikubanskoe varieties on rootstock SK4 in the Central zone of Krasnodar Territory. Analysis of the results of the study for 2013-2018 revealed a significant advantage of the option with the systematic use of fertilizing in terms of productivity of apple tree. The number of fruits per square meter of crown projection area on the background of leaf feeding annually exceeded the control variant (without fertilizers) by 8-30 % (Renet Kubanskiy variety), 10-60 % (Prikubanskoe variety). The materiality of exceeding the indicator is proved statistically at the 5 % level of significance. Increased reproductive function throughout the study period was due to an increase in the number of green pigments in the leaves of shoots. On the example of the Prikubanskaya apple varieties was determined that the total content of chlorophylls (a+b) in the first decade of June was higher than in the control variant 1.9- 27.5 %, and in the third decade of August, in the range of 2.0 to 44.5 % . Leaf feeding of trees with water solutions of special fertilizers provided an increase in the quality of apples, determined during the period of removable maturity. Weight of the fruit on background of fertilizing annually exceeded the control variant (without fertilizers) was 1.1 to 3.8 % (Renet Kubanskiy variety), 1.1-3.9 % (Prikubanskoe variety). The most stable significant excess of this parameter was in Prikubanskoe apple varieties and in Renet Kubanskiy apple varieties at planting scheme 4.5×1.2 m. In terms of commercial quality, apples were characterized as the highest and first commercial grades, since against the background of foliar applications at the main mass the coloring of fruits had an area ranging from ½ to ¾ of the surface (Prikubanskoe variety). The output of high-quality products (the highest and first commercial grades) in the variant with the use of dressings significantly exceeds the control option. At the intensity of hydrothermal factors in the summer, the receiving of foliar feeding provides a higher level of adaptation of the pigment apparatus to environmental conditions in apple plants and increases the yield of high-quality fruits.

SEASONAL EVALUATION OF TRYCHOSTRONGYLESIS DISTRIBUTION IN SHEEP IN KABARDINO-BALKARIA

New data were obtained in the study of seasonal changes in the extensiveness and intensity of invasion of sheep trichostrongylosis in distant of pastures of the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic. The seasonal variability of the extensiveness and intensity of invasion of trichostrongylosis in the population of young sheep on mountain pastures of the region was determined by methods of helminthological autopsy according to K.I. Scryabin of the small intestine 35 heads. The epizootic process of trichostrongylosis in young sheep under 1 year of age is characterized by a two-peak climax of extensiveness and intensity of invasion. The first peak of the EI rise covers the end of spring (May) to the third decade of August, and the second peak covers the period from the end of summer to the second decade of November. Trichostrongylosis in young sheep under 1 year old in spring is found with EI – 17.4% and II – 54.8±6.3 copies / individual; in the summer season it is found of peak with EI – 36.2% and II – 123.0±11.4 copies / individual; in the autumn period – 58.6% and 185.9±16.7 individuals / individual; in the winter season – 58.6% and 27.3±2.5 copies / individual. In the small intestine of young sheep in all seasons of the year, except late autumn and winter, there were pathogens of trichostrongylosis in various stages of puberty. These data should be used to predict the epizootic situation on the trichostrongylosis of young sheep in the North Caucasus region, as well as when determining the optimal timing and frequency of deworming.

Врожайність цибулі озимої за вирощування із сіянки за різних строків садіння та систем удобрення

The publication presents the results of studies to determine the effectiveness of planting dates and fertilizer systems when growing onions in winter crops in rainfed conditions in the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. The optimal time to seed for the Tkachenkivska and Mayak varieties is the third decade of August, for the Wolf F1 hybrid - the second decade of September. The optimal plant nutrition system is the application of N 82 P 75 K 110 . In these conditions, the largest bulbs are formed, an increase in the winter hardiness of plants is observed, which ensures the highest commodity yield.

YIELD AND HERB QUALITY OF THYME (Thymus vulgaris L.) DEPENDING ON HARVEST TIME

ABSTRACT Thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L) is a medical and aromatic plant intensively used in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Our investigations carried out in 2010-2011 were focused on effect of harvest time on yield and herb quality of two thyme cultivars (‘Sloneczko’ and ‘Deutscher Winter’). Plants were harvested in the first year of cultivation in three periods: 140, 160, and 180 days after sowing (i.e. in the third decade of August, second decade of September and first decade of October). The study showed that harvesting time had a significant effect on the yield and quality of thyme. The delayed harvesting resulted in increased plant height and their mass but decreased quality of herb (lesser quantity of essential oil and thymol). The optimal time of harvest appeared to be 160 days after sowing ( i.e. in the second decade of September . Harvest in this time ensured fairly good yield of herb and high its quality. The weather conditions prevailing during the vegetation period had a substantial effect on the yield and quality of herb. The ‘Deutscher Winter’ cultivar produced higher yields in favourable weather conditions, whereas the ‘Sloneczko’ cultivar exhibited a more stable yield in adverse atmospheric conditions. Key words: cultivar, essential oil content, thymol, Thymus vulgaris

Problems of breeding f1 hybrids rape and solutions

Purpose. Study the characteristics of sterile and fertile forms of winter rape for winter hardiness, duration of interphase periods, the sugar content in the nectar of flowers to address seed production hybrids F 1 . Methods, material. The studies were conducted during the 2010-2014. On experimental fields and the laboratory of the Plant Production Institute nd. V. Ya. Yuryev, Kharkov. Studied the original form of sterile and fertility restorer winter rape. Sowing was carried out at the optimum time, the end of the third decade of August. Observations and surveys carried out by conventional methods in scientific institutions. Micromethod used for determining free and invert sugar ferricyanide method. Results. Found that the sterile and fertile forms differ in terms of the passage of the interphase periods. The duration of the period of shoots - leaf rosette, resumption of the spring growing season - ramification, ramification - bud, budding - flowering, - wax ripeness was almost the same as that of sterile and fertile in forms. Differences over the years have been significant. During the flowering - green ripeness and the growing season in sterile form longer than the fertile forms an average of 17 and 23 days. Our investigations have established that forms fertile flowers compared with sterile synthesized more monosaccharides, sucrose and total sugars. The average fertile synthesized form monosaccharides 369 mkg / flower, sucrose 190 mkg / flower and total sugars 559 mkg / flower sterile form monosaccharides 250 mkg / flower, sucrose 108 mkg / flower and total sugars 360 mkg / flower. Concluded that the fertile form yavlyayutsya higher priority for pollination bee. When the studies were developed and proposed sites of hybridization schemes. Сonclusions. For pureness of hybrid seeds necessary to create a fertility restorer with simultaneous growth and development as a sterile lines. Necessary to develop schemes hybridization sites for oilseed rape.

Influence of photoperiod on vegetation phases and tuber development in topinambour (Helianthus tuberosus L.)

A topinambour collection was analyzed to determine the genetic variability of 141 accessions in reaction to the length of day (light), its influence on vegetative and flowering phases, tuber number and mass. Day length significantly influenced flowering, which started with the first shorter days (15.6 h) in the third decade of June, while the majority of accessions flowered in the third decade of August (13.3 h). Differences between accessions were statistically significant for the analyzed phenotype traits. A significantly longer vegetative phase was found in Montenegrin accessions in comparison to the other groups of origin. Duration of the vegetative phase was significantly and positively correlated to tuber mass and negatively to their number, while duration of the reproductive phase had an opposite effect. For further work on topinambour breeding, it would be important to describe the mechanism of photoperiodic control of flowering initialization. Only by obtaining accessions neutral to the photoperiod could topinambour become a cultivated crop.

MONITORING OF CHESTNUT MOTHS BY INTRA- AND INTERSPECIFIC SEMIOCHEMICALS

The effectiveness of synthetic sex attractants and a compound of plant origin, ethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, to monitor the flight activity of the chestnut moths Pammene fasciana, Cydia fagiglandana and Cydia splendana in southern Italy was evaluated. Field trapping tests were carried out from the end of June to the end of September during 2006 and 2007 in two chestnut orchards. In both years, pagoda traps were baited with rubber septum dispensers loaded with 1 mg of synthetic sex attractants of one of the three species or with 40 mg of ethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate. In 2007, Pherocon IIB traps baited with the sex attractant blend of P. fasciana or ethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate were also used. In both years, pheromone traps captured a high number of P. fasciana males, a fair number of C. fagiglandana males and no male of C. splendana. The pattern of weekly catches by pheromone traps showed a peak of flight activity between the second and third decade of July and a smaller one at the end of August for P. fasciana and between the second and third decade of August for C. fagiglandana, without substantial variations among trapping sites. Traps baited with ethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate allowed for capturing conspicuous numbers of P. fasciana males and females and the pattern of flight activity as monitored by this compound was similar to that by the sex pheromone blend. Failure to capture C. splendana males could be due to a lack of attractiveness of the sex attractant blend used but also to a low presence of this pest, as suggested by visual fruit samplings carried out at the harvest. Captures of female chestnut moths by ethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate are of practical interest since they could be used for a more rational application of control means.