Peculiarities of influence of growing technology elements on the photosynthetic activity of sugar beet crops

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the influence of elements of cultivation technology on the photosynthetic activity of sugar beet crops.Methods. Field, laboratory.Results. Studies show that by the third decade of June, sugar beet plants on average have formed a leaf surface at the level of 3.5 thousand cm2/plant, which is sufficient for effective photosynthesis. But in the third decade of July, it increased and on the average in the experiment on the ungrounded variants amounted to 4.1, and in the fertilized 5.3 and 5.5 thousand cm2/plant. The analysis shows that as of the third decade of August, the area of the leaf surface was maximum compared to other time intervals, amounting to 4.4, and 6.0 and 6.3 thousand cm2/plant fertilized respectively. Photosynthetic potential for the period from the third decade of June to the third decade of July in the version without the use of mineral fertilizers the best were: Sofia, Umansky BS97, ICB 0801, Vesto and Zluka, using N150P150K150: Hero. Sofia, Uman BS97, ICB 0801, Vesto and Zluka, but for the introduction of N300P300K300: Hero. Sofia, Uman ES97, ICB 0801, Vesto, Zluka and Uman ES90. But from the third decade of July to the third decade of August, the photosynthetic potential was 0.95–2.63 million m2 × days/ha, due to the fact that the leaf area increased slightly, by 0.3–0.8 thousand. cm2/plant. In terms of net photosynthesis performance in the period from the third decade of July to the third decade of August, the maximum values were in the experiment compared to other intervals. So, the best dry matter per unit area of leaf surface accumulated the following hybrids: Hero (5,21–7,25), Constant (3.09–4.94), Mace (3.67–5.68), Romulus (3,27–4.54) and Uman FM90 (2.87–4.33 g/m2 per day).Conclusions. It was established that in the third decade of August the maximum leaf area was in hybrids: Alexandria, Umansky Emergency 90, Zluka, ICB 0801, Romulus, Quarto and Sofia. But from the third decade of August to the third decade of September, the maximum values of photosynthetic potential were in the following hybrids: Sofia (1.68), Ukrainian World Cup72 (1.13), Romulus (1.35), Quart (1.35) and Zluka ( 1,13). From the third decade of September to the third decade of October, the best net photosynthesis productivity was observed in hybrids: Vesto (0.42–1.19) and Quart (0.98–1.08 g/m2 per day).