Thin Bone Research Articles

Transgenerational bone toxicity in F3 medaka (Oryzias latipes) induced by ancestral benzo[a]pyrene exposure: Cellular and transcriptomic insights

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a ubiquitous pollutant, raises environmental health concerns due to induction of bone toxicity in the unexposed offspring. Exposure of F0 ancestor medaka (Oryzias latipes) to 1 µg/L BaP for 21 days causes reduced vertebral bone thickness in the unexposed F3 male offspring. To reveal the inherited modifications, osteoblast (OB) abundance and molecular signaling pathways of transgenerational BaP-induced bone thinning were assessed. Histomorphometric analysis showed a reduction in OB abundance. Analyses of the miRNA and mRNA transcriptomes revealed the dysregulation of Wnt signaling (frzb/ola-miR-1–3p, sfrp5/ola-miR-96–5p/miR-455–5p) and bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling (bmp3/ola-miR-96–5p/miR-181b-5p/miR-199a-5p/miR-205–5p/miR-455–5p). Both pathways are major indicators of impaired bone formation, while the altered Rank signaling in osteoclasts (c-fos/miR-205–5p) suggests a potentially augmented bone resorption. Interestingly, a typical BaP-responsive pathway, the Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response (gst/ola-miR-181b-5p/miR-199a-5p/miR-205), was also affected. Moreover, mRNA levels of epigenetic modification enzymes (e.g., hdac6, hdac7, kdm5b) were found dysregulated. The findings indicated that epigenetic factors (e.g., miRNAs, histone modifications) may directly regulate the expression of genes associated with transgenerational BaP bone toxicity and warrants further studies. The identified candidate genes and miRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers for BaP-induced bone disease and as indicators of historic exposures in wild fish for conservation purposes.

Diagnostic value of cone beam computed tomography in complex and compound odontomas: a systematic review and open classification matrix

Objective: Firstly, this review aims to analyse the recent literature about three-dimensional (3D) diagnostic imaging in complex and compound odontomas and compare it to two-dimensional (2D) imaging. Panoramic radiographs help to
 evaluate the vertical position of odontomas, and occlusal radiographs are used to evaluate the proximity to adjacent teeth. However, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can offer volumetric images, and therefore, a more accurate three-dimensional analysis. Secondly, this research aims to construct an open classification matrix for complex and compound odontomas for dentomaxillofacial CBCT radiology protocols based on a systematic literature review.
 Material and methods: Two systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed (Medline), on 2 February 2022 concerning classification systems, and on 5 February 2022 concerning CBCT images.
 Results: In total, these searches revealed 391 papers by reviewing the databases mentioned above. Six articles were selected for inclusion on classification of odontomas and 13 articles were found on CBCT imaging. Consequently, the
 construction of an open classification matrix for compound and complex odontomas for dentomaxillofacial CBCT radiology protocols was performed using these 19 articles.
 Conclusions: CBCT offers a more precise position and accurate diagnosis of complex and compound odontomas compared to 2D imaging. Consequently, it enhances the detailed view of the site (multiple or unique), location (intraosseous, partially or completely extragnathic), size, extension (bony expansion, thinning or perforation cortical bone), density and type (denticulo type, particle type, denticulo-particle type, denticulo-amorphous type, amorphous tissue), relationship (with the crown or root of the definitive tooth), adjacent teeth resorption (deciduous or definitive), adjacent teeth (retention or impaction), and distance with adjacent structures (inferior alveolar nerve, sinus maxillaris), as well as adequate surgical planning. Moreover, this research presents an open classification matrix for the most complete description of compound and complex odontomas when analysing CBCT imaging.

Influence of Implant Diameter and Taper on Virtual Implant Placement in the Maxillary Central Incisor Position: A CBCT Analysis.

This study aimed to assess the influence of implant diameter and taper on the proximity of virtually planned maxillary central incisor implants to the nasopalatine canal and adjacent anatomical structures. Virtual implant planning was performed in the maxillary central incisor position. The distance between the implant and the incisive canal (IC) and the thickness of the surrounding buccal and palatal bone walls were measured. Implants were categorized as having an exposed implant surface, thin bone, or moderate/thick bone. Measurements were repeated for regular-/narrow-diameter and parallel/tapered implants. A total of 60 patients were included, and 240 implants (60 of each type: 3.3-bone level [BL], 3.3-bone level tapered [BLT], 4.1-BL, and 4.1-BLT) were planned. The percentages of implants with between 0 and 0.5 mm of remaining bone in the coronal aspect of the IC were 31.6% for 4.1-BL/BLT and 6.6% for 3.3-BL/BLT (P < .001). The percentage of implants with IC exposure was 13.3% for 4.1-BL/BLT and 6.6% for 3.3-BL/BLT (P < .001). The frequency of sites that required bone augmentation at the coronal facial aspect (< 1 mm) was 52.6% and 33.9% for 4.1-BL/BLT and 3.3-BL/BLT, respectively. At the apical portion, the percentages of sites requiring bone augmentation at the facial aspect were 59.9%, 49.9%, 31.6%, and 23.3% for 4.1-BL, 3.3-BL, 4.1-BLT, and 3.3-BLT, respectively (P < .001). The proximity of the nasopalatine canal is often < 0.5 mm from regular-diameter virtually planned implants at the most coronal aspect in the maxillary central incisor position. In these situations, the selection of narrowdiameter implants significantly lowers the incidence of implant exposure and the need for additional management of the nasopalatine canal and also results in greater residual buccal and lingual bone thicknesses surrounding the implant. As expected, tapered implants reduced the risk of implant exposure through the buccal cortex at the apical aspect.

Abstract #1185038: Losing your skull bone!; Bilateral parietal bone thinning, a rare condition of unclear etiology

Parietal bone thinning (PBT) is an underdiagnosed, rare condition with variable course progression. We are presenting the case of a 59-year-old male patient with a gradually worsening painless bilateral scalp depression in the parietal bones.

Alveolar ridge preservation reduces the need for ancillary bone augmentation in the context of implant therapy.

BackgroundThere is limited information on the need for bone augmentation in the context of delayed implant placement whether alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) is previously performed or not. The primary aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the efficacy of ARP therapy after tooth extraction compared with unassisted socket healing (USH) in reducing the need for ancillary bone augmentation before or at the time of implant placement.MethodsAdult subjects that underwent non‐molar single tooth extraction with or without simultaneous ARP therapy were included in this study. Cone beam computed tomography scans obtained before tooth extraction and after a variable healing period were used to record the baseline facial bone thickness and to virtually plan implant placement according to a standard method. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the effect of facial alveolar bone thickness upon tooth extraction and baseline therapy (USH or ARP) on the need for additional bone augmentation, adjusting for several covariates (i.e., age, sex, baseline KMW, and tooth type).ResultsOne hundred and forty subjects that were equally distributed between both baseline therapy groups constituted the study population. Implant placement was deemed virtually feasible in all study sites. Simultaneous bone augmentation was considered necessary in 60% and 11.4% of the sites in the USH and ARP group, respectively. Most of these sites (64.2% in the USH group and 87.5% in the ARP group) exhibited a thin facial bone phenotype (<1 mm) at baseline. Logistic regression revealed that the odds of not needing ancillary bone augmentation were 17.8 times higher in sites that received ARP therapy. Furthermore, the need for additional bone augmentation was reduced 7.7 times for every 1 mm increase in facial bone thickness, regardless of baseline therapy.ConclusionsBased on a digital analysis, ARP therapy, compared with USH, and thick facial alveolar bone largely reduce the need for ancillary bone augmentation at the time of implant placement in non‐molar sites.

The Upper Palaeolithic Bone Needle Cases of Siberia: An Overview

Purpose. Needle cases belong to “passive” bone tools, which store thin bone tools such as eyed needles or awls. Being an essential element of the technology of sewing complex clothing, needle cases and needles act as a marker of technological innovations, the spread of which in the Upper Palaeolithic contributed to the active population of the territory of Northern Eurasia. This study's objectives were to analyse and systematise published and archived data on the Upper Palaeolithic needle cases of Siberia and generalise the available information on the problems of interpreting the considered category of sewing kits, their archaeological, technological, cultural and chronological contexts.Results. The study results clearly show that the finds of bone needle cases have been identified and analysed in the materials of a minimal number of archaeological sites with different chronologies and associated with several cultural generations of the Upper Palaeolithic. Bone needle cases of Siberian sites, separated by hundreds and thousands of kilometres, show noticeable similarities in size, morphology, production technology, and ornamentation methods.Conclusion. Appearing for the first time in the Early Upper Palaeolithic, they are rare in Siberian sites and do not always accompany even mass finds of needles.

Sp7 Transgenic Mice with a Markedly Impaired Lacunocanalicular Network Induced Sost and Reduced Bone Mass by Unloading.

The relationship of lacunocanalicular network structure and mechanoresponse has not been well studied. The lacunocanalicular structures differed in the compression and tension sides, in the regions, and in genders in wild-type femoral cortical bone. The overexpression of Sp7 in osteoblasts resulted in thin and porous cortical bone with increased osteoclasts and apoptotic osteocytes, and the number of canaliculi was half of that in the wild-type mice, leading to a markedly impaired lacunocanalicular network. To investigate the response to unloading, we performed tail suspension. Unloading reduced trabecular and cortical bone in the Sp7 transgenic mice due to reduced bone formation. Sost-positive osteocytes increased by unloading on the compression side, but not on the tension side of cortical bone in the wild-type femurs. However, these differential responses were lost in the Sp7 transgenic femurs. Serum Sost increased in the Sp7 transgenic mice, but not in the wild-type mice. Unloading reduced the Col1a1 and Bglap/Bglap2 expression in the Sp7 transgenic mice but not the wild-type mice. Thus, Sp7 transgenic mice with the impaired lacunocanalicular network induced Sost expression by unloading but lost the differential regulation in the compression and tension sides, and the mice failed to restore bone formation during unloading, implicating the relationship of lacunocanalicular network structure and the regulation of bone formation in mechanoresponse.

Total Hip Arthroplasty for Dysplastic Coxarthrosis the Use of a Cementless Wagner Funnel Stem

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is presently the quality surgical choice for hip osteoarthritis secondary to developmental hip dysplasia (DDH); it may be extraordinarily challenging, due to the hypoplasic proximal metaphysis, pathological anteversion, and immoderate cervico-diaphyseal perspective of the neck at the femoral facet. The reason of this retrospective study become to evaluate the lengthy-time period survival and medical and radiological outcomes of Conus uncemented stems, implanted in patients affected by hip osteoarthritis with Crowe now not-type IV secondary to DDH. Material and technique: This was a retrospective study has conducted in Department of Orthopedic, UHC sadar, Mymensing. During the period of June 2013 and july 2021. We identified 96 consecutive THAs executed for DDH in 57 women and 26 men, with an average age of 53 years in a single center. 13 sufferers underwent bilateral hip replacement. The patients’ suggest frame mass index changed into 29. Eight kg/m2 (range 27.1–35.6 kg/m2). The most important symptoms for surgical treatment had been intense hip pain and huge purposeful impairment: the preoperative Harris Hip Score turned into 29.5 on average (variety 22–61). Radiologically, 8 hips were categorized as Crowe I, 41 hips as Crowe II, and 47 hips as Crowe III. In all cases, we implanted the Wagner femoral cone prosthesis using the direct lateral technique; within the attempt to reestablish local hip biomechanics, sixty six stems have been one hundred thirty five° and 34 were one hundred twenty five°. Results: The imply observe-up of the take a look at was 11.7 years (range 2.2–21.Eight years). Harris Hip Score expanded to a median value of 71.5 factors (range 52–ninety three points). Radiographic evaluation verified osteointegration of the implant with strong bone increase discovered on the stem–endosteum interface; signs and symptoms of bone readaptation and thinning of the femoral calcar were present in nine hips. ............

Efficacy and Reliability of Percutaneous Gigli Saw Osteotomy in Midfoot Surgery: A Cadaver Study.

Midfoot osteotomy is often used in the surgical treatment of foot deformities. The percutaneous Gigli saw osteotomy (PGSO) technique has many advantages compared with known osteotomy techniques. We aimed to show the efficacy and reliability of the PGSO technique in the midfoot of fresh frozen cadavers without using an image intensifier. Four mini-incisions were performed on the dorsomedial, dorsolateral, plantar medial, and plantar lateral regions of the midfoot. Subperiosteal tunnels were then opened with a thin bone elevator, and the four incisions were combined with each other. The Gigli saw was tied to suture material and passed through the tunnels. The PGSO was performed in the midfoot of 12 feet of the cadaver specimens without using an image intensifier. Cadaver specimens were dissected, and injured structures were noted. The mean ± SD (range) cadaver age was 81.16 ± 10.38 years (65-93 years) and weight was 60.86 ± 12.39 kg (49.8-81.6 kg). All of the osteotomies were adequate as planned in the cuboid-cuneiform level and all of them were complete osteotomy .Incomplete osteotomy was not observed in any cadaver specimens. In one specimen, a complete injury of the peroneal tendons (peroneus longus and brevis) was detected. In another specimen, an incomplete tibialis anterior tendon injury was detected. There was no iatrogenic neurovascular injury in the specimens. The PGSO technique is recommended for use even by inexperienced surgeons owing to its minimal risk of soft-tissue injury, provision of a complete osteotomy line, and easy application with limited incisions.

Trigeminal Ganglioneuroma: A rare case of trigeminal neuralgia caused by Meckel’s cavum tumor: a case report and review of the literature

Background: Ganglioneuroma (GN) is a rare benign tumor originating from the sympathetic nerves, and its origination from the trigeminal nerves is even rarer. Only six cases of GN originating from the trigeminal nerve have previously been reported. Aim: To report a very rare case of GN arising in Mikel's cave revealed by atypical trigeminal neuralgia. Case report: A 24-Year-old Moroccan man presented left trigeminal neuralgia. Intracranial MRI showed a 4.4 x 2.5 x 3 cm well-circumscribed multilobular mass in the posterior middle fossa and the petroclival area with compression to the medial temporal lobe. The tumor appeared homogeneously hypointense on T1WI, and hyperintense on T2WI and T2WI-Flair, and showed heterogeneous moderate enhancement. Bone window petrous CT scan showed thinning and remodeling bone on the left petrous apex. The preoperative diagnosis was cystic schwannoma. The patient underwent a subtemporal extradural approach with total removal of the lesion. The histological and immunohistochemically study confirmed the diagnosis of GN. Postoperative was marked by left keratitis for two months. No recurrence was documented on 3 years follow-up. Conclusion: we described a benign and extremely rare trigeminal ganglioneuroma. This case is the seven-reported case in the literature. The subtemporal interdural approach must be considered in the surgical approach of trigeminal Meckel's GN. Trigeminal GN should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the tumor found in Mickel's cavum.

Sfrp4 and the Biology of Cortical Bone.

Periosteal apposition and endosteal remodeling regulate cortical bone expansion and thickness, both critical determinants of bone strength. Yet, the cellular characteristics and local or paracrine factors that regulate the periosteum and endosteum remain largely elusive. Here we discuss novel insights in cortical bone growth, expansion, and homeostasis, provided by the study of Secreted Frizzled Receptor Protein 4 (Sfrp4), a decoy receptor for Wnt ligands. SFRP4 loss-of function mutations cause Pyle disease, a rare skeletal disorder characterized by cortical bone thinning and increased fragility fractures despite increased trabecular bone density. On the endosteal surface, Sfrp4-mediated repression of non-canonical Wnt signaling regulates endosteal resorption. On the periosteum, Sfrp4 identifies as a critical functional mediator of periosteal stem cell/progenitor expansion and differentiation. Analysis of signaling pathways regulating skeletal stem cells/progenitors provides an opportunity to advance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in cortical bone biology.

There Is No Loneliness Like Theirs

There Is No Loneliness Like Theirs

Encapsulation of Alendronate in Chitosan based Polymeric Nanoparticles for Effective Management of Osteoporosis – Development to Release Kinetic Study

Osteoporosis means 'Porous bone' is a disease characterized by progressive bone thinning. The deterioration of bone tissue can lead to bone fragility and fracture, especially of the hip, spine, shoulder and wrist. Osteoporosis is characterized by decreasing bone mineral density (BMD). Bisphosphonates are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis in the US and many other countries including India.

Analisis Tingkat Pencemaran Air Sungai Berdasarkan Kadar Fluorida Di Kota Mataram Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

River water pollution levels can be analysed based on fluoride levels. Excessive fluoride levels will cause fluorosis of the bones. While fluoride deficiency will cause brittleness of teeth and thinning of bones. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of river water pollution based on fluoride levels in Mataram City. Fluoride levels were tested by adding a solution of zirconyl alizarin as a reagent and a solution of Na arsenite, which was then analysed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry with a wavelength of 535 nm. The results showed that the fluoride levels in the 7 tested samples met the fluoride quality standards. The highest fluoride content of river water in Mataram city is 1.046 mg/L, while the lowest is 0.213 mg/L. From this study it can be concluded that based from 7 points location water river sample in Mataram City are not polluted by fluoride.

Mini-Implant-Assisted Simultaneous Torquing Extrusion Retraction Spring for Ectopic Canines

Orthodontic management of ectopic canines is quite challenging and time consuming due to the presence of thin buccal cortical bone. Sectional mechanics provide distal and extrusive force on canine but without any torque control. So, palatal root torquing during canine retraction is needed to increase the buccal cortical bone thickness and to avoid bone dehiscence and gingival recession. This article describes an innovative spring which provides 3-dimensional control by simultaneous retraction, extrusion, and torquing of ectopic canine.

Adrenal glands and diabetes

Adrenal glands and diabetes

PH-Sensitive nanocarrier assisted delivery of adenosine to treat osteoporotic bone loss.

Bone tissue undergoes continuous remodeling via osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. An imbalance in this process with enhanced osteoclastic activity can lead to excessive bone resorption, resulting in bone thinning. Once activated, osteoclasts bind to the bone surface and acidify the local niche. This acidic environment could serve as a potential trigger for the delivery of therapeutic agents into the osteoporotic bone tissue. To this end, we developed a pH-responsive nanocarrier-based drug delivery system that binds to the bone tissue and delivers an osteoanabolic molecule, adenosine. Adenosine is incorporated into a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanocarrier through a pH-sensitive ketal group. The HA-nanocarrier is further functionalized with alendronate moieties to improve binding to the bone tissues. Systemic administration of the nanocarrier containing adenosine attenuated bone loss in ovariectomized mice and showed comparable bone qualities to that of healthy mice. Delivery of osteoanabolic small molecules that can contribute to bone formation and inhibit excessive osteoclast activity by leveraging the tissue-specific milieu could serve as viable therapeutics for osteoporosis.

Food choices and dietary habits of college going girls with special emphasis on breakfast consumption practices

Choosing nutritious foods, eating mindfully and planning appropriate meals while eating; are the important components which make a significant impact on one's well-being. The choice of whether and what to eat and drink first thing in the morning has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on our health, well-being and cognitive abilities. Breakfast is widely regarded as the most vital meal of the day. A nutritious breakfast ensures the best day possible in the long run of day-to-day life. Human body organs burn around 400 to 500 calories during the night during sleep for seven to eight hours. Breakfast skipping has become common practice in recent years for a variety of reasons. Sadly, this practise gives rise to a variety of diseases and conditions in long term, including weight gain, heart disease, bone thinning, irritability, mood swings, low energy, poor memory, mental stress, high blood pressure, and an unhealthy mix of blood cholesterol. Several studies have looked at the relationship between lifestyle choices (such as skipping breakfast) and health outcomes. College students, especially young girls were shown to be more likely to skip breakfast. This not only increases negative health impact, but also lowers the quality of one's food, sleeping pattern and degree of physical activity. The objective of the study was to assess the socio-demographic profile, dietary and lifestyle pattern of the college going girls and to identify the probable causes of faulty dietary habits, if any, with special emphasis on their breakfast consumption. 850 subjects were selected randomly from the two colleges of the Ghaziabad. Results indicated that 63% (n=536) were found to be skipping breakfast. Factors significantly associated with breakfast skipping were age, average family income (monthly), parental education, time spent in commutation to college, contribution to house hold work. The most common reason cited for skipping breakfast were lack of time, not liking to eat so early, having no appetite. The prevalence of breakfast skipping among the college going girls was moderately high. Lower nutrition knowledge could be associated with the above findings. Thus, nutritional interventions to impart education at college level can be an effective tool, as adolescents/young adults spend most of the time here. It is strongly recommended that this age group especially college going girls should be educated and made aware of healthy breakfast eating practices and good nutrition patterns for healthy lifestyle and thus contribute towards healthy nation.

Radiographic Evaluation of Atlas and Axis Anomalies in Toy Breed Dogs With and Without Atlantoaxial Subluxation.

Atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) is generally a congenital condition that mainly affects toy breed dogs. Previous studies in several toy breed dogs revealed that dogs with AAS had a relatively high proportion of incomplete ossification (IO) of the atlas and dens anomalies compared to dogs without AAS. These anatomical characteristics may be important in surgical decision-making. Thus, the present study evaluated morphological differences in the atlas and axis between Maltese dogs with and without AAS. The medical records of Maltese dogs with and without AAS from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed. Abnormalities of the atlas and axis were evaluated using computed tomography (CT). A total of 45 dogs were reviewed. Maltese dogs with AAS revealed a higher ratio of IO of the atlas (56%) than non-affected dogs (19%). Dens anomalies were identified in 78% of the dogs with AAS and in 26% of non-affected dogs. The shape of the atlas has been identified as thin, solid compact bone in Maltese dogs. Dogs that revealed IO of the dorsal arch of the atlas showed significantly lower CT values (in Hounsfield units) than dogs without IO. The CT values of the midline of the dorsal arch were significantly lower than those of the outer surrounding region. Dens hypoplasia was defined by measuring the dens-to-axis length ratio according to a previous study. A significantly lower ratio was identified in dogs with AAS than in non-affected dogs. The incidence ratio of abnormalities of the atlas and axis in Maltese dogs with AAS was similar to that of previous studies. The dorsal arch of the atlas is composed of thin cortical bone with a vulnerable midline region. As dogs with AAS are more likely to be afflicted with abnormalities in the atlas and axis, considering these morphological features is important when planning the surgical stabilization of AAS.

Predictable 3D Bone Reconstruction and Implant Restoration with Full Digital Workflow in Aesthetic Zone

Implant restoration in anterior maxilla often present a challenging dilemma to both surgeons as well as restorative dentists. Several factors influence the outcome of the case such as available residual bone, soft tissue type, restorative space, smile line, and implant position. Careful implant planning and placement play a critical role for successful implant therapy. The presence of good bone support is often scarce in the anterior maxilla Bone resorption due to peri-apical or periodontal infections and in case of delayed implantation, there is often the need for bone augmentation procedures especially in the aesthetic zone. Bone augmentation procedures advocated in literature demonstrate a variable success rate in achieving predictable bone volume. This case report of a 30-year-old male presents an endodontically failing central incisor, with inadequate surrounding bone (Seibert class 3) demonstrating both horizontal and vertical bone defect. Rehabilitation was carried-out by bone augmentation using autogenous cortical bone harvested from the ramus in combination with Xeno bone particles. On maturation this is followed by guided implant insertion and immediate Cad-cam restoration, following a full digital workflow. Final Restoration was given after 6 weeks. Conclusion: Bone augmentation using a thin autogenous bone plate stimulates revascularization and accelerates graft regeneration. The Xeno particles help in maintaining the volume during the remodelling stage. Complete digital workflow with guided implant placement and immediate prefabricated restoration provides accuracy for an aesthetic outcome besides reducing overall treatment time and patient acceptance. The customized BioHpp one-time abutment provides softer loading of the implant and maintains 3-dimensional bone volume and provides good soft tissue stability. The author advocates the described treatment workflow for such complex cases as it demonstrates reliable and predictable treatment outcome.