Scholarly Thinking Research Articles

영문학과 영어교육의 접점을 찾아

This study analyses articles addressing literature and language education in The Journal of Teaching English Literature of The Korean Society for Teaching English Literature, this year celebrating its 30th anniversary. By employing literature to promote students’ communicative abilities, English literature scholars have translated literary texts’ values through the language of English education. Thus, they have produced valuable research studies, specifically on how to use literary texts in language education and how to lead classes based on students’ interests. So, during this era of literary crisis, this paper demonstrates research trends in The Journal of Teaching English Literature centered around various scholarly thinking, for instance, purpose and content, text selection, and teaching approaches in literature classes. Therefore, this study aims to anticipate the direction that The Journal of Teaching English Literature will pursue by tracing the journal’s footsteps from 1996 to 2016.

The Idea of History in Yu. M. Lotman’s Later Research

This article has a twofold goal, i. e. to identify the origins of late Yu. M. Lotman’s later ideas about history and to determine their peculiarities. The author focuses on two of Lotman’s fundamental ideas: the unpredictability of history and the juxtaposition of explosive and evolutionary processes. He understands the unpredictability of the historical process both in terms of the impossibility of predictions and in terms of turning to the past, which always depends on the present. To a large extent, Lotman developed the idea polemizing with the Annales School, which regarded the historical process as a slow time-reversible development. While appreciating the works of this school, Lotman contrasted the idea of longue durée with the idea of an explosion and the position of the researcher who is above the historical process and takes a position within it. On the one hand, the unpredictability of history is a source of the constant growth of new information, which makes history related to the artistic text. On the other hand, it increases the responsibility of any person who is able not only to study history but also to influence its course. It gives the historical process a moral character. The opposition of explosive and evolutionary processes corresponds to the opposition of binary and ternary models in historical evolution. In this regard, Lotman develops the ideas of C. Lévi-Strauss and J. Le Goff. However, unlike them, who deemed the separate existence of ternary and binary structures possible, Lotman shows their inseparable unity, which exists not only in the historical process but also in national literature and the work of individual writers. Lotman not only likens history to art but contrasts it to art as a look into the past is opposed to a look into the future. In Lotman’s appeal to the historical past, one can notice the synthesis of scholarly thinking and artistic imagination, which gives his later works a freer style and depth.

Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam Syekh Ahmad al-Qushashi dan Relevansinya di Era Modern

Islamic education of Indonesia cannot be separated from the role of previous middle eastern scholars. Sheikh Ahmad al-Qushāshī is one of the middle eastern scholars who influenced previously the thinking of Indonesian scholars, whose students took many roles in Indonesian history. Some of the problems discussed in this study are the objectives, methods, educational curriculum and patterns of teacher-student interaction according to Sheikh Ahmad al-Qushāshī and their relevance to modern education in Indonesia. This research is a library research with analytical descriptive method, with several literature sources examined such as as-Simth al-Majid, Manżūmah al-Tawhīd, and other sources. The data analysis technique used is content analysis initiated by Shelley and Krippendorff. The results of research on the educational thinking of al-Qushāsh are briefly as follows: the purpose of education according to al-Qushāsh is to unite God, and become a pious servant. The educational curriculum is a curriculum based on monotheism which is divided into common, special and very special. The al-Qushāshī curriculum approach has an integration pattern between exoteric and esoteric sciences. The method of al-Qushāshī education is the exemplary method, bai'at-talqīn, al-Ŝuhbah and al-ta'dīb, taslīm, and Ilbās. The pattern of teacher-student interaction has a familial pattern of interaction (teachers act as parents, educators, and student guides), so that his thoughts are quite relevant to the modern era.

The Shadow of Neo-Ḥanbalism: The Idea of Islamic Extremism in Indonesia

This article seeks to explore how Neo-Hanbali approaches to Islam have played a key role in instigating Islamic extremism in Indonesia. Neo-Hanbali refers to those who identify themselves as the followers of Ibn Hanbal and his students, such as Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, and Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb. Many Indonesian Islamic extremist groups argue that their struggle is driven by their desire to implement a purer form of Islam and that the thinking of Ibn Hanbal and Neo-Hanbali scholars provide the justification for this goal. To begin with, this article outlines the emergence of Ibn Hanbal’s thought and Neo-Hanbalism in the Indonesian Muslim community in general and Salafi groups in particular. The article particularly discusses: first, the discursive acceptance of Ibn Ḥanbal’s students in Indonesia and their ties to Islamic extremism; second, the links between Ibn Hanbal’s disciples on the one hand and Salafi and Wahhabi groups and movements on the other hand in the context of Islamic extremism; third, the connection between the concepts of tajdid (Islamic renewal) and takfir (excommunication) in Indonesia. This article attempts to understand Neo-Hanbali thought from a non-monolithic perspective in Indonesia. In this regard, it examines the acceptance of Neo-Hanbali ideas among social and political organisations in Indonesia. Finally, this article discusses Neo-Hanbalism in the context of the future development of political Islam in Indonesia to better understand whether these groups will be able to adapt to the changing political situation in Indonesia, or whether they will remain committed to Islamic extremism.

The End of Animal Welfare Labelling as We Know It? Persisting Problems at the Consumer Level and PLF-Based Solutions

Over the last few decades, animal welfare (AW) labels have become permanent factors in consumer markets for animal-based food products across Europe. During this time, scholarly thinking about consumer perspectives on AW labelling has identified problems that hinder the effectiveness of labels, pertaining to (i) consumers’ trust in labels, (ii) the number of labels present in the market, (iii) confusion about the meaning of labels, (iv) trade-offs between AW labels and price, (v) consistency between the AW standards and consumers’ individual opinions about AW and (vi) the ability of animal-based sectors to innovate in AW labelling. Based on these insights, this study explores the current state of these problems by questioning 2.433 consumers from four countries in the European Union (Finland, the Netherlands, Spain, and Italy) about these issues. The results show that, while opinions differ between countries and cross-border consumer segments, these issues persist for many consumers. These results cast doubt on the idea that AW labels in their traditional form can substantially increase their effect on the market. The study therefore explores potential data-based solutions to persistent consumer problems by drawing on precision livestock and e-commerce technologies. It extends current data use, which is often limited to farms and value chain actors but rarely reaches consumers. We argue that innovative technologies create opportunities to influence consumers in the often neglected pre- and post-purchase stages, through a selection system where consumers can indicate their AW preferences, receive feedback, and transparently provide insight into their preferences to other value chain actors.

Understanding autonomy and relationality in men's lives.

Masculinities scholarship tends toward describing autonomy as bound up with hegemonic masculine ideals such as independence, atomization, and self‐sufficiency, without fully delving into the concept of autonomy. This article offers a more in‐depth conceptual treatment of autonomy, compared to its more simplified rendering in the literature on the dominant relational conceptualizations of masculinities. In doing so, we follow recent calls to avoid categorizing men according to typologies of masculinity, drawing instead on feminist theorizations of masculine autonomy and relationality to explore how both manifest in men's lives. We draw on a study of men's drinking practices, with our data coming from focus groups with 101 men in metropolitan and regional/rural Victoria, Australia; but the issues we attend to have relevance, and can be an impetus, for further scholarly thinking about autonomy in men's lives well beyond drinking practices, and in other similar industrialized nations. We explore how masculine autonomy remains an influential and harmful discourse, often impeding possibilities for men's greater intimacy, connection and care and reproducing gendered hierarchies. However, we simultaneously highlight how men are inescapably relationally situated, exposing masculine autonomy as a discursive ideal of valorized forms of masculinity rather than an achievable state in practice. We argue that acknowledging how men are relationally embedded and interdependent in practice offers potential avenues for further fostering men's care, intimacy and relationality, and might work toward ameliorating gendered inequalities that see care work and the work of sustaining relational networks disproportionately falling to women and marginalized men.

Impacts of the discipline plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China on discipline development: Analysis and implications based on the bibliometrics-method

<p indent=0mm>The science departments of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) carry out strategic research on discipline development every five years, and formulate discipline plans and several priority funding areas for the next five years. Then they successively release guidelines for Key Program and Major Program (K&M) projects to promote the development of priority funding areas. In order to understand the impacts of the discipline plan on discipline development, this study takes the discipline of management science and engineering during the 13th Five-Year Plan period as an example, and uses the approved K&M projects to represent the discipline plan, the General Programs, Young Scientists Fund, and Fund for Less Developed Regions (GY&L) projects to represent the individual thinking of general scholars, and the academic literature from representative international journals to represent the international frontiers and hot spots. This study uses the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method, as well as high-frequency word analysis, and introduce a concept of fitting rate to analyze the relationship between NSFC projects during 2016 and 2020 and academic literatures during 2011 and 2020. The results show that NSFC projects have higher fitting rates with academic literature in the academic areas with more K&M projects funded than in those with fewer K&M projects funded, and the academic areas with higher fitting rates between K&M projects and academic literature usually have higher fitting rates between GY&L projects and academic literature. Furthermore, academic areas with higher fitting rates between NSFC projects and academic literature tend to have more projects of National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars and Excellent Young Scientists funded. Therefore, NSFC’s discipline plan has a profound, extensive and long-term impact on the discipline development. The impact goes from top to bottom, from points spreading to areas. It does not only determine the current distribution of priority areas, but also affects the potential distribution of young scientists in the future. Because the development paths of sciences have similarities, the conclusions of this study could also be useful to other disciplines. We should fully understand and make use of these advantages of the discipline plan to promote the development of academic areas to meet national requirements, and aim at key fundamental fields to accumulate young talents in advance.

Three types of negation in Russian (on the example of A.V.Druzhinin’s texts)

The study is aimed at identifying the formal, substantive, and functional characteristics of negation-ambivalence, thereby expanding the traditional concept of negation. To achieve this goal, methods of semantic and functional analysis were used: within their framework, a matrix was developed for comparing various types of negations. As a result of using this matrix on the material of A. V. Druzhinin’s texts, the following conclusions were drawn. Negation-ambivalence differs from standard negation and oxymoron in the way it reflects reality conveyed by semantics and the number of components involved in communication. It can be argued that there are four communicative reasons for using negation-ambivalence in texts: collisions of different points of view on one object; the multidimensionality of the object itself; the complexity of the description; and speech reasons associated with the level of linguistic competence of the speaker. Negation-ambivalence is always associated with situations of choice. It can also be assumed that it is a marker of boundary states. This research can lead to a local change in scholarly thinking and the practice of perceiving linguistic communicative forms. Using negation-ambivalence as a text analysis tool allows streamlining many cases, the status of which researchers argue to this day.The study is aimed at identifying the formal, substantive, and functional characteristics of negation-ambivalence, thereby expanding the traditional concept of negation. To achieve this goal, methods of semantic and functional analysis were used: within their framework, a matrix was developed for comparing various types of negations. As a result of using this matrix on the material of A. V. Druzhinin’s texts, the following conclusions were drawn. Negation-ambivalence differs from standard negation and oxymoron in the way it reflects reality conveyed by semantics and the number of components involved in communication. It can be argued that there are four communicative reasons for using negation-ambivalence in texts: collisions of different points of view on one object; the multidimensionality of the object itself; the complexity of the description; and speech reasons associated with the level of linguistic competence of the speaker. Negation-ambivalence is always associated with situations of choice. It can also be assumed that it is a marker of boundary states. This research can lead to a local change in scholarly thinking and the practice of perceiving linguistic communicative forms. Using negation-ambivalence as a text analysis tool allows streamlining many cases, the status of which researchers argue to this day.

Mapping the mindfulness: An literature Review of mindfulness in educational field

Abstract This study presents an overview of the literature of mindfulness in education, which is based on the definition of mindfulness, and accompanying key terms, and the philosophy and practices it involves. The review includes a survey of Buddhism, Eastern and Western mindfulness traditions. This literature review gathers the thinking of scholars on the importance of mindfulness and its beneficial practices—particularly in Western contexts—including mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and related therapies. The literature review is also a motivator in the use of mindfulness because it reveals its proven role in both helping career professionals and reducing stress for students by reducing the psychological and physical distress inherent in work and personal lives or students’ academic lives.

Body-Images and the Pornography of Representation

The paper examines some issues in the medicalization of the female body as they impinge upon contemporary feminist theories of subjectivity. The biological sciences operate by making the embodied subject visible and intelligible according to the principles of scientific representation. However, the bio-technological universe merely manifests and intensifies the tendencies that had been evident since the beginning of modern technology and science. Science in the modern world is an exultation of the scopic drive as a gesture of epistemological domination and control by rendering the invisible visible and visualizing the secrets of nature. The merry-go-round of bodily parts, or cells, or tissues that do not belong anywhere encourages the fantasy that one does not really come from anywhere specific, from any one bodily point. This visualization ends in medical pornography, a system of representation that reinforces the commercial logic of a market economy. The whole body turns into a visual surface of interchangeable parts. This new medical pornography, which is ultimately grounded in detachment of the fetus from the mother’s body, dismemberment of bodily unity, and swapping its parts, has enormous social and political consequences. The article reviews the thinking of contemporary women and feminist scholars — Donna Haraway, Luce Irigaray, Evelyn Fox Keller and others — and argues that feminist critiques have quick and successful in counteracting the perverse effects of new technologies. The author stresses that productive feminist interventions in biomedical power structures will require paying close attention to the politics of visual culture and the pervasiveness of pornography as the dominant structure of representation in both scientific and popular discourse.

Social Media Use among University Students in Malaysia during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Social media tools for communication, such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, or YouTube, have become important with the development of information and communication technology. In the field of higher education, university students are increasingly using social media to study and live. Consequently, university students and social media use have become a research topic of practical significance. Scholars in Malaysia have investigated this issue, and the results abound. However, few scholars have reviewed the research results of social media use among university students in Malaysia. By using the literature research method, this study reviews the latest research findings on social media use among students, especially during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study summarizes the collected literature into three themes: first, the relationship between social media use and academic performance of university students; second, the social media addiction of university students; and third, the relationship between social media use and mental health of university students. Simultaneously, this study presents the ways of thinking and contributions of scholars to address the aforementioned issues. Finally, this study critically examines the research limitations and blind spots, as they need further exploration by scholars and can serve as innovative points of this topic.

„Ein Unbekanntes ist nur der Geschmack“. Zu Levin Ludwig Schückings literatursoziologischem Ansatz

Abstract The article reconstructs Levin Ludwig Schücking’s History of Taste as a method of writing literary history. Moreover, it lays out, for the first time, the cultural and literary-political dimensions of his approach by considering the context of the history of literary studies comprehensively. The article demonstrates how Schücking refers to sociology in a twofold manner: as a way of scholarly thinking that is related to certain methodological techniques, and as a way to overcome the “crisis of modernity” manifested in the rift between authors and readers in literary life.

Advancing the Evangelical Mind: Melvin Grove Kyle, J. Gresham Machen, and the League of Evangelical Students

This article seeks to analyze Melvin Grove Kyle and the growth of the League of Evangelical Students (LES) founded by J. Gresham Machen and Princeton Seminary students in 1925. Both Kyle and Machen were scholarly leaders in the LES and served on the organization’s board together. This paper will establish the importance of Melvin Grove Kyle as a leading evangelical scholar and biblical archaeologist. It will also explain the origins and growth of the LES and how various Presbyterians influenced the organization and sought to advance a broader evangelical Protestant intellectual life in the difficult period of the 1920s and 1930s. Machen’s role will be highlighted, and the thinking of various evangelical scholars associated with the LES will be analyzed. This study is important because it helps us grasp how evangelical Protestantism rehabilitated and advanced itself intellectually in a period when the movement faced educational marginalization in the wider culture.

Call for the Return to the Qualities of the Traditional Muslim Mind

The world we live today has undergone a dramatic change in values, science and technology. In a world so divided with contending ideologies and worldviews, humanity as a whole has derailed from its philosophy of co-existence, tolerance and mutual respect for one another’s faith and culture. The war that should have ended with the formation of the United Nations is still raging in many parts of the world. News and business are controlled by some powerful conglomerates. The gap between the haves and have not’s still persists. In the wake of the present global condition, Muslims and their religion are targeted and falsely labeled as a global threat. This apparent situation of the world calls for the new generation of Muslims to think and re-evaluate on how to respond to the challenges and criticisms that come from others. Moreover, they have to carve out new ways to co-exist with others and on how to preserve their religion and cultural heritage of the past. Through this paper, the researchers intend to investigate the style of thinking of the great Muslim scholars during the heydays of the Islamic civilization and propose the importance of reviving such an orientation of thinking in the contemporary Muslim world. As a qualitative study, the researchers intend to present some historical evidence on the remarkable achievement of the Muslim scholars of the bygone centuries. The textual and document analysis methods will be employed in interpreting the relevant data of the study. Pertinent data related to the research will be retrieved from print and electronic media.

Philosophy of Aesthetics and Art in Islamic Architecture

Philosophical discussions of art and aesthetics are scarce in the Islamic intellectual and philosophical heritage. The aesthetics of Islamic art on the one hand is the product of the thinking and reflection of Islamic scholars and philosophers, such as Ghazali, Farabi, Ibn Sina and others in verses and hadiths and on the other hand, it is the result of a kind of intuitive understanding and action of artists who lived in the atmosphere of Islamic faith and thought. Islamic art is the common achievement of all Islamic nations; the contribution of Iranians has been very great. The art of these nations is the result of the presence of traditions and ethnic affiliations as well as the spirit of Islamic teachings. Beauty is a characteristic of human existence and the desire for it is a human characteristic, man always tries to consider beauty in his life and living spaces. The present study was based on library studies in the knowledge of aesthetics and art in order to achieve this goal. Therefore, identifying the criteria and principles of the beauty of Islamic architecture and art is of great importance. Therefore, applying the meanings and concepts of aesthetics and art in Islamic architecture will cause attention and return to the value system in accordance with Islamic identity in architecture. In this research, the relationship between philosophy and wisdom of aesthetics and art in Islamic architecture is investigated.

The Anatomy of Ingrid Mattson’s Interpretation of the Qur’an: History, Authority, and Translation Problems

Many contemporary thinkers have introduced various theories in Quranic studies. For example, Fazlur Rahman with double movement theory, Gadamer through a fusion of the horizon, and Abdullah Saeed with contextual interpretation. Meanwhile, Ingrid Mattson’s thoughts on the interpretation of the Koran have not been widely studied by scholars. Mattson has placed the historical context, the personal context of the reader, and the context of the reader's understanding as an integral part of the theory of interpretation. This article wishes to dissect the anatomy of Mattson's interpretation of the Koran. With the historical textual criticism approach popularized by Muhammad Mustafá Azami, this study concludes that apart from historical aspects, the interpretation of the Koran is also strongly influenced by the authority of the rulers at that time, individual charisma (ulama), and the consensus of religious experts. The reduction of God’s message is also very vulnerable to the rampant action of translating the Koran from Arabic into ajam (non-Arabic) language. These three aspects are the constructs of Mattson's thought in his hermeneutical study. Therefore, it is hoped that this academic discourse will add to the style of thinking of scholars in the field of Qur'an studies, which previously have colored contemporary exegesis studies.

Collaborate and die! Exploring different understandings of organisational cooperation within Scotland's uncertain North Sea oil and gas industry

This study ethnographically explores how collaboration is enacted within two differently structured sub-sea engineering organisations local to the oil & gas industry in Aberdeen, Scotland. Literature suggests organisational collaboration practices are largely dependent on trust, historical cooperation, establishing interpersonal relations and information sharing networks. Such notions are suggested as readily enacted in Aberdeen. However, following changes in industry landscape, we uncover a variety of additional factors pertaining to macro-level local industry climate, and meso-level organisational cultures that shape different perceptions, understandings, and enactments of collaboration. To grow current scholarly thinking, we define how such diverse understandings actively prevent organisational collaboration in the restrictively competitive climate of Aberdeen’s oil & gas industry. Implications for expanding understandings of collaboration in employment sectors facing substantial industry destabilisation and reformation are discussed.

Gnoseology of the Kyiv Philosophical School: the Establishment and Approval of the Worldview-Rationalist Paradigm of Scientific Knowledge

The study is devoted to the analysis of the origins, essence, scholarly, and cultural significance of the phenomenon of the Kyiv philosophical school. In the late 1950s – during the 1960s, Ukraine formed relatively favorable conditions for the development of the original direction of the philosophical research studying the logic of scientific knowledge, which resulted in the formulation of a worldview-rationalist concept of constructing scientific theories and obtaining reliable verified knowledge. Considering the impact of this school’s achievements on educational and research practice, we can talk about the paradigmatic status of this generalization due to its acquisition of a strong sociocultural sounding. Thus, Ukrainian science has received logical and methodological guidelines for the stages and processes of scientific research, the importance of various forms of knowledge organization, including ideas, problems, hypotheses, concepts, theories, and, ultimately, systematic knowledge about a particular object in the form of the normative science. The Kyiv philosophical school’s achievements significantly contributed to the formation of the style of scholarly thinking, refuting the incapability of the methodology of science declared by the official Marxist philosophy with its dogmatic regulators of the learning process as a party affiliation principle. The main centers for producing the worldview-rationalist philosophical ideas were Taras Shevchenko State University of Kyiv and the Institute of Philosophy of the UkrSSR Academy of Sciences. Its most famous representatives were P. Kopnin, V. Shynkaruk, M. Popovych, S. Krymskyi, and I. Bychko.

Akar Pemikiran Hukum Islam Liberal: Analisis Terhadap Pemikiran Hukum Islam Ibrahim Hosen The Roots of Liberal Islamic Law Thought: A Study of Ibrahim Hosen Islamic Law Thought

Liberal Islamic law, in terms of terminology, is in fact an extension of the Liberal Islamic ideology pioneered by young intellectuals from Western universities. The Liberal Islamic Movement is a continuation of the Islamic modernist movement that emerged in the early 19th century in the Islamic world as a response to the interaction of the Islamic world with Western civilization. Such Islamic modernism was influenced by Western ways of thinking based on rationalism, humanism, secularism and liberalism. Liberal Islam is a new stream of thinking among Muslims. From this it can be concluded that the way of thinking of Liberal Muslims is to make a new conclusion to something out of the ordinary. One of the key figures whom some observers considered as the main pioneer of Liberal Islamic law was Ibrahim Hosen. He was known as an Islamic law scholar who always presents thoughtful ideas related to Islamic law beyond the thinking of other scholars of his contemporaries. The following short essay will try to reveal the thoughts of Ibrahim Hosen in the field of Liberal Islamic law. And we will attempt to see whether or not his thoughts are in line with the teachings and beliefs of the Liberals of Islamic law.

Problematic Global Metrics

An added benefit of doing library instruction is you learn things from students and faculty. This knowledge informs both collection development and research consultations. It is especially interesting when a new faculty member arrives and issues a revised syllabus for a popular course. One such class at UC Berkeley is in the Global Poverty and Practice (GPP) minor, founded by Professor Ananya Roy ten years ago. Her book, Poverty Capital: Microfinance and the Making of Development, makes the uncomfortable point that people and institutions profit from poverty: it is a lucrative business. But there are also those who attempt to create and influence “poverty knowledge.” The 1998 subtitle of the World Bank’s flagship publication, the World Development Report, was “Knowledge for Development.” In 2017 the World Bank wrote a feature news article (about itself) as a “knowledge institution.” There are articles that trace the history of the World Bank’s vision of itself as a “knowledge bank,” a term I find both amusing (do they charge “interest”?) and problematic. Yet a library is also a knowledge institution, and what we purchase or recommend influences the thinking and research of students and scholars.