Thin Layer Chromatography Fingerprinting Research Articles

Physicochemical Analysis and Phytochemical Evaluation of Gokshuradi Churna and its Hydro-Alcoholic Extract

Drug is an essential tool of a physician included in Chatushpada. Many single as well as compound drugs are mentioned in classics in different contexts for internal as well as external use. It is always the cumulative impact of all the ingredients in the solution that plays a critical role in therapeutics, rather than the action of the individual medication. Synergistic action, combined action and toxicity neutralizing action and basic purpose are envisaged to serve drug combinations. One such important formulation prescribed in the Ashtanga Haridya Uttartantra is Gokshuradi Churna provides specifics of the drugs Gokshuradi Churna which was chosen for study. Acharya Vaghbhatta in Uttartantra listed numerous drugs that are useful in the treatment of Alpa, Dushta Retas that specifically influence the properties of Shukrajanana (spermatogenesis) and Shukra Shodhana. This formulation consists of five ingredients i.e., Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn), Ikshura (Asteracantha longifolia Nees), Mash (Phaseolus mungo Linn), Atmagupta seeds (Mucuna prurita Hook) & Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus Wild). Many formulations are available in various texts under the same name Gokshuradi Churna with different ingredients and different Rogadhikara. Keeping this aim into consideration, the present study was designed to scientific evaluation of Gokshuradi Churna and its hydroalcoholic extract on different analytical and phytochemical parameters. The study includes macro and microscopic characters, powder microscopic characteristics, heavy metals analysis and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography fingerprints (HPTLC). The information generated by this particulars study provides relevant pharmacognostical and physicochemical data needed for proper identification and authentication of Gokshuradi Churna and its hydroalacoholic extract.

Chemotaxonomy of Southeast Asian Peperomia (Piperaceae) Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Colour Scale Fingerprint Imaging and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

The morphological characters of Southeast Asia’s indigenous Peperomia species are very similar, especially in their flower structures. The flowers are simple, hermaphrodite and lack a perianth. Therefore, many species are hard to distinguish using morphological characters alone. Here, we apply chemometric data for species identification and classification, gathered using multiwavelength detection combined with the colour scale High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting procedure and chemical compounds determined by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Fourteen taxa were investigated using hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol solvent extractions. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used with the colour scale fingerprints to classify the Peperomia species. The PCA and HCA using the chromatogram profile from hexane divided the taxa into six groups compared to the profile from ethyl acetate and ethanol, which each detected seven groups. The chromatogram from the combined dataset of all three solvents can differentiate all the species. The GC-MS data detected a total of 40 compounds from the hexane extract, and these differed among Peperomia species. This approach based on HPTLC fingerprinting and GC-MS analysis can therefore be used as a tool for authentication and identification studies of Peperomia species.

Phytochemical profiling and HPTLC studies on leaf of Chrozophora rottleri (Geiseler) Spreng

For centuries, plants have been integral to traditional medicine, food preservation, and disease prevention. Chrozophora rottleri (Geiseler) A. Juss. ex Spreng., an annual herb of the Euphorbiaceae family, is widely used across India, Myanmar, Thailand, the Andaman Islands, and Malesia in various ethnomedicinal applications. This study aims to provide a comprehensive phytochemical profile and HPTLC analysis of Chrozophora rottleri leaves to highlight its medicinal potential. The leaves were subjected to hot continuous extraction using a Soxhlet apparatus with solvents of increasing polarity to maximize the yield of bioactive compounds. Phytochemical screening identified the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenoids, phenols, steroids, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, and phytosterols in different extracts. Quantitative analysis revealed that alkaloids were most abundant in chloroform and ethanol extracts (500 mg/g), while flavonoids were prominent in ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts (200 mg/g). Phenols and tannins were concentrated in ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts (200 mg/g). The HPTLC analysis displayed distinct separation of phytochemical bands at varying retention factor (Rf) values, using toluene: ethyl acetate (9:1 v/v) at 254 nm and a combination of ethyl acetate: water: formic acid: glacial acetic acid (100:26:11:11 v/v/v/v) at 366 nm and 540 nm. Chromatograms revealed multiple peaks, signifying a rich diversity of bioactive compounds. These findings support the traditional uses of Chrozophora rottleri and underscore its potential for further pharmacological research. The research concluded that the leaf extract of Chrozophora rottleri is abundant in various phytochemicals, potentially contributing to its therapeutic properties. Further investigation into its individual phytochemical profile is recommended for isolating novel compounds. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis of Chrozophora rottleri leaf extract could serve as a reliable method for precise plant identification, acting as both a phytochemical marker and a valuable indicator of genetic variability within plant populations.

The evaluation of the antioxidant activity of selected Eryngium species based on thin-layer chromatography fingerprints using chemometric tools

The purpose of the study was to confirm the utility of multivariate technique to predict antioxidant activity of selected Eryngium extracts based on chromatographic data. Five Eryngium species were analyzed using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) with silica gel to obtain their fingerprints. The highest relative content of quercitrin (marker) was observed for E. giganteum. The chemical similarity between extracts was evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierachical Cluster Analysis (HCA), and the results confirm the similarity between the same three E. planum from various natural sites. The total phenolic content with Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and antioxidant activity with DPPH reagent by spectrophotometry were determined, and the highest content of phenolics (concentration of gallic acid, mg⋅mL−1) was obtained for E. campestre, E. amethystinum and E. planum T. The highest antioxidant activity (concentration of gallic acid and inhibition %) were obtained for E. planum T. and E. amethystinum, while the lowest was obtained for E. planum Dębówka. High value of correlation coefficient between TLC and spectrophotometric data using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS) confirms the usefulness of statistical method for the predicting the biological activity. In conclusion, the chromatographic and chemometric methods were suitable for prediction of antioxidant activity.

Chemical Characterization of Moringa oleifera Lam. from Six Growth Locations in Central of Java: An Initiation of Standardization `

Moringa oleifera Lam. is in high demand as a raw material for pharmaceutical constituents and dietary supplements, particularly for producing stunting supplements. However, recommendations regarding M. oleifera quality standards have not supported this claim as scientific evidence of its safety and effectiveness. This research intends to expand knowledge regarding the quality standards of M. oleifera leaves, particularly their chemical properties. Height-variant samples of M. oleifera were collected from six locations in the Central Java, Indonesia. A hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was performed to group the most each parameter's values. The parameters included water-soluble extract, ethanol-soluble extract, total ash content, acid-insoluble ash, total flavonoid content was quantified as quercetin, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) fingerprint. The suggestion of specific value for each parameter as a future reference for M. oleifera, including water- and ethanol-soluble extract content of at least 41% and 19%, and a total- and acid-insoluble ash content of a maximum of 11% and 4%, respectively. The minimal quercetin contains as the chemical marker compound of M. oleifera was a minimum of 1.285%. The chromatogram profile of TLC suggested 7 (254 nm) and 8 (366 nm) spots.

Evaluation and observance of variation in chemical and antioxidant activity changes during the development of fenugreek seeds following thin-layer chromatography–fingerprint and marker analysis

Evaluation and observance of variation in chemical and antioxidant activity changes during the development of fenugreek seeds following thin-layer chromatography–fingerprint and marker analysis

Phytochemical screening and pharmacognostical evaluation of cordia sebestena Linn.

Plants are known as treasures of effective drugs for various ailments from ancient times. Plant metabolites played a protagonist part in the detection and development of novel chemotherapeutic mediators. Therefore, exploring the medicinal importance of plants has become extremely important concerning the evolving ailments of the present times. In the existing investigation, phyto-constituents and antioxidant activity of the plant known as Cordia sebestena Linn. were discovered for their biological importance. Cordia sebestena Linn. is an understudied medicinal plant that belongs to the family Boraginaceae and is commonly known as Aloe wood, geranium tree, and sea trumpet. The investigation objective is to develop the high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint outline of the phytoconstituent of Cordia sebestena Linn, to identify the component of medicinal importance. In the present study, the HPTLC technique for the parting of the active constituents in extracts has been developed via the solvent system toluene: methanol: acetone (16:4:1). This study has provided the biological source which can be an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and better option than the chemically synthesized drugs. In the future, these fingerprinting descriptions will be supportive in further studies like quality regulation of the drug and estimating therapeutic worth.

High performance thin layer chromatography fingerprint on cyano-bonded stationary phase of selected Stachys and Betonica species and their antioxidant activity with chemometric calculations

The methanolic extracts of selected Stachys and Betonica species were analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method using cyano bonded stationary phase and mobile phase consisted of methanol and water 45:55 (v/v) with Natural product reagent derivatization. The HPTLC method was validated (linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, LOD, LOQ) and the validation results confirm the usefulness of the method used. The obtained images of fingerprint chromatograms presented as numerical data (using the TLC analyzer program) were next processed using Excel and SpecAlign softwares. The phytochemical similarity between analyzed plant extracts was evaluated using the similarity index (Pearson correlation coefficient) and the results were presented as hierarchical cluster analysis dendrograms and as graph for principal component analysis (PCA). The total phenolic content (TPC) by Folin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant activity with Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP) technique were determined for studied extracts using gallic acid as standards in both methods.

Phytochemical Investigation of Alysicarpus vaginalis by Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry and High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography

Introduction: Alysicarpus vaginalis belongs to the Fabaceae family, commonly known as buffalo clover and one-leaf clover. Alysicarpus vaginalis is medicinally used in disease-related kidney, diuretics, leprosy, pulmonary problems, jaundice, skin problems, respiratory difficulties, and as a hepatoprotective. Alysicarpus vaginalis is a medicinally important plant according to our review of literature on pharmacological activities, modern pharmacological activities, ethnomedicinal surveys, and traditional systems. However, very limited research related to phytochemical investigation by chromatographic techniques was studied. Methods: So, to investigate the phytochemicals of Alysicarpus vaginalis methanol extract by High-performance thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Result: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, and tannins. GC-MS revealed, the presence of six out of nine phytochemicals found medicinally important. 4-O-Methylmannose, Undecane, Neophytadiene, 2-amino-5-[(2-carboxy) vinyl]- Imidazole, Lup-20(29)-en-3-one and stigmasterol are some of the important phytochemical useful as anticancer or as anti-inflammatory. A solvent system was developed by thin-layer chromatography, followed by the HPTLC analysis using the mobile phase toluene: methanol: ethyl acetate (7:3:1). High-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprinting detected total of 8 peaks with Rf value of 0.007, 0.089, 0.142, 0.211, 0.468, 0.585, 0.772, and 0885 at 254nm and total of 9 peaks with Rf value of 0.007, 0.089, 0.140, 0.208, 0.468, 0.661, 0.772, 0887, and 0.940 at 366nm, respectively. Conclusion: Chemoprofiling by sophisticated spectral techniques such as GC-MS and HPTLC fingerprinting can serve as an important tool for quality control of assuring purity, safety, quality, and efficacy of herbal formulation, and herbal extracts from Alysicarpus vaginalis.

Pharmacognostical studies of Eclipta prostrata (Linn.) grown in Sri Lanka

Eclipta prostrata Linn. is an annual herbaceous plant used in traditional medicine, commonly known as “Trailing Eclipta” or False Daisy in English, ‘Keekirindiya’ in Sinhala and ‘Kayyantakara’ in Tamil. The aim of this study was to conduct a detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of E. prostrata found in Sri Lanka. Anatomical, physicochemical, phytochemical studies, and quantification of phyto-constituents were performed as per WHO guidelines. Whole plant was sequentially extracted into solvents with different polarities. Phytochemical screening and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) fingerprinting were carried out. Anatomical study and powder microscopy revealed useful diagnostic features. Physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, ash values (total, acid insoluble, water soluble) and extractable matter in water and ethanol were evaluated. Phytochemical screening and TLC fingerprinting revealed the presence of different types of phyto-constituents. Alkaloid, tannin, saponin, total flavonoid and total polyphenol contents were quantified. In conclusion, pharmacognostical study aids in establishing the standardization parameters of E.prostrata found in Sri Lanka.

In-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico anti-inflammatory evaluation of hedychenone and its semisynthetic derivative

Hedychium spicatum is a perennial shrub that is commonly found in the Himalayan region. Thin layer chromatography fingerprint screening of various Hedychium species revealed that only the species Hedychium spicatum possesses hedychenone. Purification and isolation of hedychenone was carried out from methanolic extract of Hedychium spicatum rhizomes powder using column chromatography. After crystallization of enriched fraction, 2.19% of hedychenone crystalline powder was yielded. The physiochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic evaluation of the active pharmaceutical components was conducted using artificial learning and machine learning (AL/ML) approaches. The results indicate that both medications adhere to Lipinski’s rule of five. The docking study indicated that compound 2 (MBE-10.4 kcal/mol) exhibited a more sub-stantial interaction with the cannabinoid receptor 2 compared to hedychenone (MBE -9.85 kcal/mol). A study was done to assess the physical and chemical stability of hedychenone under biological pH conditions. Furthermore, the administration of both medication concentrations, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/ kg, effectively inhibits the development of acute paw edema caused by ovalbumin. A preliminary investigation of hedychenone and its synthetic derivative indicated that these compounds have the potential to be utilized as active medicinal ingredients in herbal pharmaceutical preparations.

Pharmacognostic study and preliminary phytochemical investigation of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees

Andrographis paniculata (family –Acanthaceae) is an annual herbaceous plant with branches that grows up to a height of 50-150 cm in moist, shaded areas. Its stem is abruptly quadrangular, heavily branched, and has a delicate texture that is readily broken. It is found in Southeast Asia, tropical and subtropical Asia, and a few other nations like Vietnam, Cambodia, and the Caribbean islands, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand etc. It is widely used in different traditional medicinal systems or countries for medicinal purposes by the traditional practitioners, tribes or community as a folklore remedies. The present communication provides a detailed account of the pharmacognostic study carried out on various parts of the Andrographis paniculata. The study includes macroscopy, microscopy, powder microscopic studies, physicochemical tests, preliminary phytochemical screening, development of HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) fingerprints profile and heavy metal tests. Physicochemical parameters were performed and found average values of three parts (root, stem and leaf) such as root loss on drying at 1050C 4.93% w/w, total ash value 10.16% w/w, acid insoluble ash value 0.21% w/w, alcohol soluble extractive value 13.98% w/w and water soluble extractive value 25.77%w/w. Stem loss on drying at 1050C 6.23% w/w, total ash value 6.88% w/w, acid insoluble ash value 0.25% w/w, alcohol soluble extractive value 18.46% w/w and water soluble extractive value 21.94%w/w and leaf loss on drying at 1050C was found 6.29% w/w, total ash value 7.30% w/w, acid insoluble ash value 0.13% w/w, alcohol soluble extractive value 21.93% w/w and water soluble extractive value 38.68%w/w. HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) fingerprints profile of methanolic extract was done by using mobile phase toluene: ethyl acetate (7:3). Andrographolide and Ferullic acid standard markers were applied, major spots Rf values with colour were recorded before derivatization at 254nm. Rf values are 0.25 black, leaf, stem and root with Andrographolide standard marker, and 0.20 light black color of stem, and root with Ferullic acid standard marker. Andrographolide is higher present in leaf which was range from 1.51-162 than the stem range1.46-153 and root range 1.45-1.150, while Ferulic acid was higher present in stem range from 0.91-0.96 than root 0.76-0.82 but absent in leaf. Heavy metals i.e Pb, Cd, As, & Hg were tested and found under WHO limits Established parameters can be used as standards for quality control and identification of the plant in herbal compound formulations and also preparation of a monograph of the plant.

Phytochemical Profiling for Leaf, Stem, Roots, and Seeds of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Background: Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, belonging to the Solanaceae family and commonly known as Ashwagandha, is a traditional Ayurvedic herb renowned for its adaptogenic properties. It plays a significant role in various classical Ayurvedic formulations and proprietary medicines. Traditionally, the roots of the plant are utilized over the aerial parts, such as leaves and stems. In recent years, a global increase in the use of Ashwagandha roots has been spurred by several modern pharmacological studies supporting its benefits. Methods: This study examined different parts of the herb, including leaves, stems, roots, and seeds, using methods like phytochemical analysis, thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis, high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) phytochemical profiling, UV-visible spectral analysis, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profiling. Results: The findings indicated that phytosterols, triterpenoids, and alkaloids were predominantly found in the leaves and stems, with lower concentrations in the roots and seeds. Ethanol extracts were particularly rich in total flavonoids, whereas aqueous extracts contained higher levels of phenolic compounds. High-performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting varied for each part of the herb, effectively separating pigment-based components such as chlorophyll at 366 nm in the aerial parts. The 1H NMR spectra showed distinct metabolite profiles for each part of the plant. Conclusions: The analytical methods proposed in this study offer enhanced quality control and evaluation for the medicinal use of W. somnifera roots and its aerial components.

Identification of authentic Phyllanthus amarus species in India

The Phyllanthus is a plant used in the traditional Ayurvedic Medicine system and has more than 800 species. These species grow in the same area and there are chances of adulteration of other species and, incorrect identification may also lead to wrong reports. This study was attempted by Enovate Biolife Pvt. Ltd. to identify authentic Phyllanthus amarus. The nine raw material samples were collected from different populations/suppliers from various zones of India for the study. All the samples were analysed using microscopic and macroscopic ID, and by using the High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint method. The samples collected from the Central zone (Lucknow PA-08, Uttar Pradesh) and the Southern zone (Coimbatore PA-05, and Chennai PA-09, Tamil Nadu) of India were found to be authentic P. amarus by the mentioned identification methods.

The effect of lactic acid fermentation on the phytochemical content of fig leaf extracts compared to single solvent and sequential solvents extraction

The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant, natural products, and polyphenolic profiles of Ficus carica L. leaf extracts obtained with a sequential solvent extraction (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol), a single solvent extraction with one of three different solvents (methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate), and a fermentation assisted extraction. Extracts were assessed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting pattern (before and after derivatization with DPPH free radical, anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid reagent and ferric chloride) and with ATR-FTIR phytochemical profiling. The results show that sequential solvents extraction may maximise the extraction of natural products, especially polyphenolics. However, the highest antioxidant activity was achieved with a single solvent extraction with ethyl acetate. Furthermore, fermentation assisted extraction further improves extraction of antioxidants when compared to single extraction from nonfermented material. In conclusion, brining and spontaneous lactic acid fermentation of plant material is a highly desirable method for improving the functional properties of extracts due to its low cost and low energy requirements.

Bioactivity assay of Arundina graminifolia (D.Don) Hochr. extracts from diverse plant parts in Thailand: An assay-based investigation

This research involved surveying and collecting 16 samples of Arundina graminifolia from 8 different subpopulation areas. The main objectives were to analyze the preliminary phytochemical fingerprints and biological activity of the crude extracts obtained from various parts of the plant (roots, rhizomes, stems, and leaves). The findings indicated that rhizome extracts generally yielded a higher percentage of crude extract compared to the dry plant weight in comparison to other plant parts. Moreover, the Thin layer chromatography (TLC) fingerprint data revealed distinct compositions for each part of the plant, with rhizomes exhibiting more prevalent bands of compounds than other parts. Regarding antioxidant activity, the root and rhizome crude extracts from various populations displayed stronger inhibitory activity against DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods compared to stems and leaves. High total phenolic content was also found to effectively inhibit free radicals. The lipoxygenase inhibition test, which serves as an in vitro anti-inflammatory activity evaluation, demonstrated that most root extracts exhibited higher lipoxygenase inhibitory activity than the rhizome extracts at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. The antibacterial activity demonstrated that rhizome extracts from different regions exerted lower MIC and MBC values against all tested bacteria compared to the root extracts. The findings offer valuable information for selecting specific populations of A. graminifolia as potential sources of bioactive compounds for future nutraceutical applications.

Chromatographical fingerprint analysis, in silico investigation, and identification of hepatoprotective active compounds from Capparis decidua Edgwe (Forssk.)

Liver disorders are globally distributed with a high burden of disease costs. The methanolic extract of Capparis decidua stem part and its dichloromethane (DCM) and ethylacetate fractions showed significant hepatoprotective activity, so this study aimed to develop gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint profile and in silico docking of identified compounds from both fractions responsible for hepatoprotective activity. Hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, and dihydrolinalool are known hepatoprotective and antioxidant agents that were identified from both fractions by GC/MS, they have various degrees of hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties, this is the first time to identify hexadecanoic acid in C. decidua stem. Both fractions were chromatogramed with known hepatoprotective standard compounds, they were rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, ferulic acid, oleanolic acid, and β-sitosterol; β-sitosterol and oleanolic were isolated and identified in the DCM fraction by HPTLC, but nothing of these standard compounds were identified in the ethylacetate fraction. According to International Council for Harmonization guidelines, the HPTLC fingerprint profile method was validated to confirm our isolation and identification process of β-sitosterol and oleanolic acid in the DCM fraction, also their contents were quantified and they were 9.21 and 7.73 μg/mg, respectively, in the total dry fraction weight, this was the first time to isolate and identify oleanolic acid from C. decidua stem part. In silico docking was carried and was found that hexadecanoic acid showed significant predicted binding properties on Nrf2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and IL-1 receptor proteins. 9-octadecenoic acid (elaidic acid) showed significant predicted interactions with IL-1 receptor, Nrf2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) proteins. Oleanolic acid showed significant predicted bindings with p65, JNK, and NF-kb. β-sitosterol showed significant predicted interaction with IL-6α protein, while 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid revealed significant binding with PPAR-α protein. Therefore, we recommend considering our active compounds in the field of drug development (structure-activity relationship) and the possibility of the presence of synergism if they are combined and administered together. Moreover, we recommend liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance on both fractions to search for the possibility of the presence of other hepatoprotective compounds.

Pharmacognostic standardization and HPTLC fingerprinting analysis of Sahacharadi Kashayam: a classical ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

Multiherbal compositions are widely practiced in ayurvedic medical system, and ka??yam (decoction) is one such dose. Sahacharadi Kashayam is a traditional ayurvedic polyherbal medicine recommended by ayurvedic doctors for chronic and acute back pains, lower limb disorders, and conditions that mainly affect the nutrient level in the blood and the bone. The aim of this study was to develop pharmacognostic parameters for the standardization and quality evaluation of the Sahacharadi Kashayam. In-house polyherbal formulation was prepared as per the previously prescribed method, and physicochemical parameters were evaluated as per standard protocol and showed loss on drying at 99.31%, total ash content at 4.911 ± 0.120%, water-soluble ash at 3.022, and acid-insoluble ash at 0.489. Total phenolic content was estimated with FC reagent and expressed as gallic acid equivalent (9.95 + 0.004 mg/g). High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint profiling was obtained, and the quantity of total tannins was estimated as tannic acid equivalent using HPLC (0.47%). The results obtained from the study could be utilized as a reference for the quality control and quality assurance of Sahacharadi Kashayam.

Pharmacognostical and Pharmaceutical Analysis of Sthaulyahara Ghana Vati: A Herbal Ayurveda Formulation for Obesity

Abstract Introduction: Sthaulyahara Ghana Vati (SHGV) is a polyherbal formulation, which is indicated in Sthualya (obesity) in Vaidhyasara sangraha. There are few clinical works carried out on this medicine, but no any researchers had evaluated this formulation for its quality control (QC) parameters. Pharmacopeia standards for this formulation are also not available till date. Aim: To evaluate SHGV through pharmacognostical, physiochemical parameters and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. Materials and Methods: Preauthenticated raw drugs of SHGV were procured, and SHGV was prepared at pharmacy, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda (ITRA), Jamnagar. Organoleptic parameters and microscopic analysis of SHGV were carried out at the Pharmacognosy Department, ITRA, Jamnagar. Physiochemical analysis and HPTLC of SHGV were carried out at the Pharmaceutical Laboratory, ITRA, Jamnagar. Result: Microscopic features of SHGV were cross-checked with Ayurvedic pharmacopeia of India standards of individual ingredients, and it was found to have characteristics of all ingredients in it. In pharmaceutical parameters, pH value was 6.0, water-soluble extract was 16.2% w/w, methanol-soluble extract was 14.9% w/w, ash value was 11.8% w/w, and loss on drying was 3.9% w/w. HPTLC at 254 and 366 nm showed six and three spots, respectively. Conclusion: This study has generated preliminary data on pharmacognostical, pharmaceutical parameters, and HPTLC. This fingerprinting can be useful for future researchers to reproduce this formulation and to establish QC parameter of SHGV.

Comparative Evaluation of Rasa (Taste), Phytochemical Characterisation, HPTLC Fingerprinting and Antioxidant Activity of Taruni peya (Modified Rose Tea) Brewed using Five Methods: A Research Protocol

Introduction: A “rose” is usually a flowering shrub of the genus Rosa that has thorny stems and fragrant blooms. Humans have been using roses and their preparations since ages for health benefits. Rose tea is an infusion prepared from rose buds and petals that is popular for its mild flavour and possible health benefits, including its antioxidant content. It can be drunk as a hot or cold infusion. Need of the Study: No research has been done to date on the effects of brewing procedures on Rasa, phytochemical characterisation, High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting, and the antioxidant properties of modified rose tea. A new field for standardising the brewing process for beverages like modified rose tea will be made possible by the study of these factors. Aim: To evaluate of Rasa (taste), phytochemical characterisation, HPTLC fingerprinting, and antioxidant activity of Taruni peya {Modified Rose (Rosa centifolia Linn.) tea} prepared by five different brewing methods. Materials and Methods: An experimental study will be conducted in the Department of Dravyaguna Vigyan, Mahatma Gandhi Ayurved College and Hospital and Research Centre (MGACH and RC), Salod, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, from April 2024 to June 2025. Roses (Rosa centifolia Linn.) will be collected from the natural habitat of the plant. The plant material will be authenticated and identified from Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT), Bengaluru, Botanical Survey of India (BSI), or the Botany Department or by an authorised person of the Dravyaguna (Pharmacology) Department. Rasa Nirdharana (Taste) of the samples will be analysed using parameters mentioned in Samhitas. Charaka, Sushruta, and other acharyas, have described the method of the perception and determination of taste by putting a substance on the tongue in which the Rasa perceived soon after the substance comes in contact with the tongue is called Rasa. Standard Pharmacognostical character and phytochemical characterisation will be performed on all samples using standard methods like macroscopy-microscopy and HPTLC fingerprinting will be studied as given in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Antioxidant properties will be studied by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric ion Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP), and phosphomolybdenum assay. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test will be used for statistical analysis with a level of significance at p-value<0.05.