Thin Film Layer Research Articles

Formation controllable two-dimensional surface optical lattices

The evanescent light field created by total internal reflection at a dielectric-vacuum interface has tight spatial confinement and high local intensity. These properties become more robust when a dual layer of dielectric thin films with different thicknesses is deposited on a planar dielectric surface. Optical construction is promising in nanoscale trapping of absorbed atoms congregating at extreme light field intensity distribution regions on the dielectric surface. Here, we theoretically demonstrate the controllable two-dimensional surface optical lattices based on the evanescent electric field generated by the Hermite-Gaussian light beam. By considering the coupling of lattice to quadrupole-active atomic transitions, we show that the topologies cannot just have high stability, but also the optical potential deep, and thus the dynamic trapping can be governed by changing the design parameters of the optical construction. We expect that this study may contribute to providing another unique method for fabricating spatially complicated two-dimensional nanostructures.

Wetting and spreading behavior of molten CMAS on the laser textured thermal barrier coatings with the assistance of Pt-modification

Gadolinium zirconate (Gd2Zr2O7, GZO) is a promising next-generation material for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). The molten CMAS (calcium-magnesium–aluminium silicates) will react with GZO and quickly produce dense Ca4Y6(SiO4)6 phase, which can prevent the further penetration of the molten CMAS. However, the large thermal expansivity difference between the dense reaction production and the GZO substrate leads to the delamination of the production layer when encountering the thermal shock effect. Therefore, it is essential to reduce the accumulation of molten CMAS. In this paper, the surface texture was fabricated on the surface of EB-PVD (electron beam physical vapor deposition) GZO-TBCs. And then a thin layer of Pt film was deposited on the laser-textured surface. The purpose is to increase the wetting contact angle between the molten CMAS and TBCs, thus decreasing the accumulation of the CMAS. The results show that the stable contact angle of the molten CMAS on the laser-textured GZO-TBCs increased from the original 16° to 66.3°, but the surface texture was completely corroded after high-temperature wetting. By introducing a thin layer of Pt film over the laser-textured coatings, a stable contact angle of 111.6° was achieved. This is because Pt film successfully prevents the molten CMAS react with GZO.

Tribological properties of hemp fiber reinforced polylactic acid bio-composites: effect of different types of modification methods

In this study, green composites are prepared with 30 wt.% hemp fibers reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) to enhance the impact and tribological properties. Different surface treatments of alkali and silane, compatibilizer of maleic anhydride (MA), and blends of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and poly (butylene succinate) were applied to improve interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix. Hemp-reinforced PLA bio-composites were fabricated and characterized by hardness, impact strength, wear, and friction properties. The tribological tests of the injection-molded components were performed under two different loads (10 N and 20 N) as dry-sliding linearly reciprocating motion per ASTM G133. Modified composites gave better tribological properties than unmodified composites. While no remarkable improvement was observed in the hardness value of untreated fiber-reinforced composite, alkali-treated composite reached up to 43% improvement in hardness value. In general, as the load increased, weight loss increase was observed in all composites. Unmodified bio-composite exhibited a very low weight loss and specific wear rate (SWR) compared to neat PLA under 10 N load. The SWR of the MA bio-composite had the lowest value for both loads (10 N and 20 N) compared to the other bio-samples. The TPU blended bio-composite exhibited the highest impact strength (22.96 kJ m−2) after pure PLA (26.5 kJ m−2). Therefore, due to surface treatments and blends applied to the fibers, some composites’ hardness and wear resistance were increased while the impact strength and friction coefficient was decreased. Especially silane surface treatment and MA compatibilizer application increased the wear resistance of composites. When the scanning electron microscope images were examined, it was revealed that the fiber and matrix interface bonding was good, and the fibers were firmly embedded in the matrix. Furthermore, forming a protective thin film layer formed by the polymer debris from the surface during dry-sliding increased the wear performance of the bio-composites.

Spin coated La2CuO4 thin film: An extensive study on optical dispersion parameters

In this paper, a layered perovskite-type La2CuO4 thin film was deposited on quartz substrate using sol-gel spin coating technique. Though it is a well-studied material, the novelty of the proposed work is the technology adopted for the preparation of this thin film and extensive studies on optical dispersion parameters. The structural characterizations revealed the formation of pure phase ternary La2CuO4 compound with orthorhombic structure. The chemical state analysis detects the valance state of the constituent elements, La, Cu, and O as + 3, (+2,+1) and − 2 respectively. The average grain size was found to be nearly 115 nm from the FESEM images. The surface topography was studied using Atomic Force Microscopy and the root mean square roughness of the film was estimated as 20 nm. The optical studies indicated the semiconducting nature of the compound with a bandgap of 1.6 eV. The refractive index and extinction coefficient have been evaluated from the reflectance data. The linear and non-linear optical dispersion parameters are thoroughly studied using the Wemple and DiDomenico (WDD) single oscillator model. The linear dispersion parameters like the effective single oscillator energy, zero frequency refractive index, optical oscillator strength, and zero frequency dielectric constant have been estimated. Moreover, the nonlinear refractive index, optical susceptibility and optical moments were evaluated. The refractive index and third-order nonlinear susceptibility of La2CuO4 thin film were observed to be higher than some other materials reported in the literature. Thus, this study may be useful in designing La2CuO4-based high-performance devices for optical communications and integrated circuits.

Non-toxic precursor for chemical vapor deposition of borophene on Cu(111) surface

In this work, conventional CVD technique, which had already been available in industries and laboratory, was proposed to utilize as an alternating method to synthesize borophene. This approach used the boron and diboron trioxide as boron source, Therefore, there was no extra cost for the toxic waste treatment. In addition, by blending their adjusted similar size into homogeneous mixture, it had demonstrated to improve the efficiency of overall process, and was able to achieve thin film layer of borophene with approximately 500 × 300 nm2 and about 3 nm thick. The metallic boron (B1s (Metal)) and crystalline systems in both single boron form (α-B) of borophene and copper-boron alloy form (β-B) were present. This report of facile borophene fabrication would potentially open up the feasibility of synthesizing methods in similar systems that will help the further application and development of 2-dimensional materials.

Co:BaTiO3/Sn:BaTiO3 Heterostructure Thin‐Film Capacitors with Ultrahigh Energy Density and Breakdown Strength

AbstractFerroelectric (FE) capacitors exhibiting ultrahigh power densities are widely utilized as electrostatic energy storage devices in pulsed electronic devices. One approach to maximize the discharge energy density (Ud) of capacitors is to increase the breakdown strength (Eb) accompanied with high maximum polarization (Pm) while suppressing the energy loss. However, the inverse relationship between Eb and Pm challenges the simultaneous enhancement of Eb and Ud. To overcome this limitation, FE/relaxor FE (RFE) heterostructure capacitors composed of Co‐doped BaTiO3 (BTCO) and Sn‐doped BaTiO3 (BTS) epitaxial thin film layers to decouple the Eb and Pm values are fabricated and the simultaneous enhancement of the Eb and Ud up to 7.9 MV cm−1 and 117 J cm−3, respectively is achieved. The high Eb and Ud values can be attributed to the suppression of the leakage current at the BTCO/BTS interface, a narrower hysteresis loop contributed by the BTS, and high Pm and Eb from the BTCO layer. Additionally, the BTCO/BTS heterostructure capacitors exhibit excellent fatigue endurance of up to 108 cycles and are thermal stable even at 160 °C. Through properly designing the FE and RFE layers, thermally stable and reliable FE/RFE heterostructure capacitors exhibiting high Ud and Eb can be realized.

High performance laser-driven flyers based on a refractory metamaterial perfect absorber.

Laser-driven flyers (LDFs), which can drive metal particles to ultra-high speeds by feeding high-power laser, have been widely used in many fields, such as ignition, space debris simulation, and dynamic high-pressure physics. However, the low energy-utilization efficiency of the ablating layer hinders the development of LDF devices towards low power consumption and miniaturization. Herein, we design and experimentally demonstrate a high-performance LDF based on the refractory metamaterial perfect absorber (RMPA). The RMPA consists by a layer of TiN nano-triangular array, a dielectric layer and a layer of TiN thin film, and is realized by combing the vacuum electron beam deposition and colloid-sphere self-assembled techniques. RMPA can greatly improve the absorptivity of the ablating layer to about 95%, which is comparable to the metal absorbers, but obviously larger than that of the normal Al foil (∼10%). This high-performance RMPA brings a maximum electron temperature of ∼7500 K at ∼0.5 µs and a maximum electron density of ∼1.04 × 1016 cm-3 at ∼1 µs, which are higher than that the LDFs based on normal Al foil and metal absorbers due to the robust structure of RMPA under high-temperature. The final speed of the RMPA-improved LDFs reaches to about 1920 m/s measured by the photonic Doppler velocimetry system, which is about 1.32 times larger than the Ag and Au absorber-improved LDFs, and about 1.74times larger than the normal Al foil LDFs under the same condition. This highest speed unambiguously brings a deepest hole on the Teflon slab surface during the impact experiments. The electromagnetic properties of RMPA, transient speed and accelerated speed, transient electron temperature and density have been systematically investigated in this work.

Electrochemical performance improvement of completely spray-deposited FTO/Zn-doped Co3O4 double layer thin films: Influence of Zn doping

To investigate the influence of Zn doping on the electrochemical properties of Co3O4 thin films, an FTO film was first spray-deposited onto a glass substrate. Then, undoped and 2, 4, 6, 10 at.% of Zn-doped Co3O4 thin films were spray-deposited onto the FTO thin films. The areal capacitance was calculated using the inner surface area of the cyclic voltammetry curves. The highest value of areal capacitance was found to be 5.37 mF/cm2 belonging to the 6 at.% Zn-doped Co3O4 film. The equivalent series resistance, internal resistance, and equivalent distribution resistance of the prepared cells were estimated from the Nyquist plot.

Thickness-Dependent Raman Scattering from Thin-Film Systems

The intensity of the Raman signal from a thin-film multilayer varies nonmonotonically with the thickness of the thin-film layers due to interference of the excitation and Raman scattered light within the films. This phenomenon can be used to not only enhance the Raman signal but also investigate thin-film thickness and optical properties. Here, we perform an experimental study of the thickness dependence of the Raman signal from several thin-film material systems, including silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) and silicon nitride on SOS thin films, and multilayer MoS2 prepared on silicon substrates. The measured intensities appropriately scaled are compared to an analytical model developed from the transfer matrix method. A good fit is found for the SOS thin films when the laser spot size is sufficiently larger than the film thickness. For the multilayer MoS2, an excellent fit is found for the intensity of the Raman signal from the underlying Si substrate, while the intensity of the MoS2 characteristic Raman shifts is impacted by laser parameters and sample orientation. These results have implications for thin-film metrology and optical properties characterization.

CVD processed ZnO thin film as solid thermal interface material in electronic devices: thermal and optical performance of LED

Purpose Polymer-based thermal interface materials (TIMs) are having pump out problem and could be resolved for reliable application. Solid-based interface materials have been suggested and reported. The purpose of this paper is suggesting thin film-based TIM to sustain the light-emiting diode (LED) performance and electronic device miniaturization. Design/methodology/approach Consequently, ZnO thin film at various thicknesses was prepared by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method and tested their thermal behaviour using thermal transient analysis as solid TIM for high-power LED. Findings Low value in total thermal resistance (Rth-tot) was observed for ZnO thin film boundary condition than bare Al boundary condition. The measured interface (ZnO thin film) resistance {(Rth-bhs) thermal resistance of the interface layer (thin film) placed between metal core printed circuit board (MCPCB) board and Al substrates} was nearly equal to Ag paste boundary condition and showed low values for ZnO film prepared at 30 min process time measured at 700 mA. The TJ value of LED mounted on ZnO thin film (prepared at 30 min.) coated Al substrates was measured to be 74.8°C. High value in junction temperature difference (ΔTJ) of about 4.7°C was noticed with 30 min processed ZnO thin film when compared with Al boundary condition. Low correlated colour temperature and high luminous flux values of tested LED were also observed with ZnO thin film boundary condition (processed at 30 min) compared with both Al substrate and Ag paste boundary condition. Originality/value Overall, 30 min CVD processed ZnO thin film would be an alternative for commercial TIM to achieve efficient thermal management. This will increase the life span of the LED as the proposed material decreases the TJ values.

LISA-T part three: The design and space environments testing of a thin-film power generation and communication array

This paper describes the design and space environments testing of a power generation and commutation array referred to as the Lightweight Integrated Solar Array and AnTenna (LISA-T). LISA-T is the first fully thin-film array for small spacecraft. Inherently, small spacecraft are extremely resource limited. Restricted mass, volume, and surface area choke capability. This drives the need to do more from less, especially for power generation and communications. Herein, a solution, LISA-T, is presented. LISA-T is formed by coupling recent advancements in thin-film solar cell and antenna elements with new solar sail propulsion technologies. Cell and antenna elements are directly embedded into a solar sail-based polyimide substrate and coated with a protective thin-film top layer. The elements are electrically interconnected via welded ribbon and backed by a multifunctional structural deployment system. Both power generation and antenna emission have been achieved from this array. Benchtop deployments have also been successfully completed. A comprehensive space environments test campaign, including ascent vent, thermal deployments, thermal cycling, particulate radiation, ultraviolet radiation, and atomic oxygen, has been conducted to characterize and predict the array performance and survivability in space. The array is shown to be currently suitable for space missions with a >300% improvement in power performance metrics compared to state-of-the-art arrays.

슬롯 다이 코팅 균일도 평가를 위한 실용적인 중량계측 기반 유량 측정 방법

Slot-die coating is a method of coating a wide layer of thin film on a substrate. It has the advantages of large-area coating with high reproducibility and uniform thickness. For this reason, it has been widely applied in various industrial manufacturing fields. To secure higher coating uniformity under various coating conditions, estimating and controlling the flow rate of the coating solution discharged to the substrate is crucial. In this study, a practical gravimetric flow rate measurement method for slot-die coating uniformity evaluation has been introduced. The gravimetric method is a technique for accurately and quickly estimating the flow rate through the mass change over time using a precision weighing balance. We analyzed the measurement principle and errors caused by fluid mechanics such as hydrodynamic force or capillary force. The dynamic properties based on fluid viscosity were also evaluated for flow rates from 5 to 50 μL/s. The repeatability of the fabricated measurement system was ~1.5 μL/s. Finally, it was confirmed that the settling time for high-viscosity fluid could be advanced by 56.4% through multi-step feedforward control.

MWCNTs polymer nanocomposite with enhanced thermomechanical properties and electrical insulation for effective encapsulation

This study presents the effect of the variation in weight fraction of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in polymer with the objective of enhancing the thermo-mechanical properties along with the electrical insulating properties. Polymer multi-walled nanocomposites (PMWCNC) and MWCNTs/Al2O3 bi-layer nanocomposites were prepared by solution mixing method with ultrasonication and magnetic stirring, then molded in vertical sandwich molds, made of acrylic and aluminum sheet as per ASTM standards. The tensile strength of PMWCNC was enhanced by 32%, 23%, 15%, and 5% compared to unmodified epoxy with the incorporation of 1 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 0.25 wt% of MWCNTs. The dispersion morphology of MWCNTs in epoxy was observed with field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) investigation found that increasing the weight percentage of MWCNTs resulted in improved thermal stability. The enhanced electrical conductivity of PMWCNC caused by the addition of MWCNTs was countered through the deposition of a thin film layer of alumina-filled polymer nanocomposite on the top surface of PMWCNC to retain the electrical insulation properties. The representative volume element (RVE) technique was employed to predict the effective modulus of nanocomposite based on the various constituent properties, weight fractions and interfacial behavior between MWCNTs and epoxy with the help of finite element analysis. Additionally, Modified Mori-Tanaka (MMT) micromechanics scheme was used to find the effective elastic modulus of the nanocomposite with the help of the MATLAB code. The elastoplastic behavior of polymer nanocomposites was also simulated in ANSYS APDL through the Voce model. The enhanced thermomechanical properties while retaining the electrical insulation properties suggest that the MWCNTs-based polymer would make the electronic chip more reliable.

2D optical confinement in an etchless stratified trench waveguide.

We demonstrate novel trapezoidal and rectangular stratified trench optical waveguide designs that feature low-loss two-dimensional confinement of guided optical modes that can be realized in continuous polymer thin film layers formed in a trench mold. The design is based on geometrical bends in a thin film core to enable two-dimensional confinement of light in the transverse plane, without any variation in the core thickness. Incidentally, the waveguide design would completely obviate the need for etching the waveguide core, avoiding the scattering loss due to the etched sidewall roughness. This new design exhibits an intrinsic leakage loss due to coupling of light out of the trench, which can be minimized by choosing an appropriate waveguide geometry. Finite-difference eigenmode simulation demonstrates a low intrinsic leakage loss of less than 0.15 dB/cm. We discuss the principle of operation of these stratified trench waveguides and present the design and numerical simulations of a specific realization of this waveguide geometry. The design considerations and tradeoffs in propagation loss and confinement compared with traditional ridge waveguides are discussed.

Crosslinking and densification by plasma-enhanced molecular layer deposition for hermetic seal of flexible perovskite solar cells

Flexible perovskite solar cells are new energy devices with a promising future due to their numerous advantages, such as high defect tolerance, strong solar absorption and low non-radiative carrier recombination rates. However, their operational stability is still an ongoing challenge during upgrading, and their inferior moisture corrosion resistance is still a major issue for better performances. Thin-film encapsulation could effectively enhance the operational stability of perovskite solar cells but obtaining encapsulation films with excellent barrier performance always come at the expense of poor flexibility. Therefore, the development of novel encapsulation materials with both barrier performance and flexibility is urgent for the compatibility of flexible applications. In this work, "Plasma-Enhanced Molecular Layer Deposition" was used for the first time to prepare a highly cross-linked, densified flexible encapsulation material AlOC at 40 ℃ to break through the traditional technology. The resulting encapsulation material can be applied to flexible perovskite solar cells as a barrier film without any damage. The as-obtained encapsulation film exhibited a water vapor transmittance rate of 1.44 × 10−5 g m−2 day−1 and preserved 95 % of its initial barrier performance after 10,000 bends with a 3 mm bend radius. Such performance was the best among the reported thin-film encapsulation layers of flexible perovskite solar cells.

Formulation and In Vivo Pain Assessment of a Novel Niosomal Lidocaine and Prilocaine in an Emulsion Gel (Emulgel) of Semisolid Palm Oil Base for Topical Drug Delivery.

This study aimed to formulate semisolid niosomal encapsulated lidocaine and prilocaine using the patented palm oil base Hamin-C® for further characterization and in vivo pain assessment. Seven formulations were initially studied with various chemical compositions. A thin-layer film hydration method was used to produce niosome using a mixture of surfactant (Span® 40 or Span® 60) and cholesterol (CHOL) at a 1:1 ratio, with/without a charge-inducing agent (diacetyl phosphate) (DCP) and with/without labrasol®. Niosome F1 formulation had been identified as the highest %EE achieved, at 53.74 and 55.63% for prilocaine and lidocaine, respectively. Furthermore, NIO-HAMIN F1 emulgel indicated the best formulation with higher permeability of prilocaine and lidocaine compared to the rest of the formulations. The reformulation of optimization of NIO-HAMIN F1 emulgel using a cold process to NIO-HAMIN F1-C emulgel to improve the viscosity resulted in higher diffusion of prilocaine and lidocaine by 5.71 and 33.38%, respectively. In vivo pain perception studies by verbal rating score (VRS) and visual analogue score (VAS) on healthy subjects show a comparable local anesthetic effect between NIO-HAMIN F1-C emulgel and EMLA® cream.

The Flow of a Thermo Nanofluid Thin Film Inside an Unsteady Stretching Sheet with a Heat Flux Effect

This research investigated the flow and heat mass transmission of a thermal Buongiorno nanofluid film caused by an unsteady stretched sheet. The movement of the nanoparticles through the thin film layer is caused by the strength of the heat flow and the stretching force of the sheet working together. The thermal thin-film flow and heat mechanism, and the properties of mass transfer along the film layer, were comprehensively investigated. The consequences of the heat generation, magnetic field, and dissipation phenomenon were also thoroughly examined. Using appropriate dimensionless variables, the fundamental time-dependent equations of thin film nanofluid flow and heat mass transfer were modeled and converted to the ordinary differential equations system. Mathematica version 12 is the software that was used to build the numerical code here. Next, the shooting technique was applied to numerically solve the transformed equations. The elegance of the shooting technique and evidence of the consistency, dependability, and precision of our acquired results is that the results are more effective than those for the thin film nanofluid equations that are now available. There is a significant degree of consistency between the recently calculated results and the results that have been published for a limiting condition. Investigations were conducted into the effects of a variety of parameters on the flow of nanoliquid films, including the Nusselt number, skin friction, and Sherwood number. In addition, a detailed overview of the physical embedded parameters is provided through graphs and tables. However, the important features of the most relevant outcomes are the effects of higher porous and unsteadiness parameters on minimizing the thickness of the thin film; and the viscoelastic parameter has the reverse effect. Additionally, it is seen that the temperature profile improves as a result of higher thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameter values.

Triethanolamine-based zwitterionic polyester thin-film composite nanofiltration membranes with excellent fouling-resistance for efficient dye and antibiotic separation

Water pollution and scarcity caused by small organic compounds (dyes and antibiotics) have attracted considerable attention due to their potential adverse effects on ecological environment and human body. Nanofiltration membranes with high performance, such as high rejection and fouling resistance, are expected to address these challenges. Herein, a new zwitterionic triethanolamine-based (Z-TEOA) monomer is proposed for the fabrication of zwitterionic polyester thin-film composite nanofiltration (ZNF) membranes. Z-TEOA is successfully synthesized via the ring-open reaction between TEOA and 1,3-propane sultone. ZNF membranes are fabricated via the interfacial polymerization under alkaline conditions. All fabricated membranes exhibit enhanced hydrophilicity and permeability due to the introduction of the zwitterionic functionality in the thin film layers. Specifically, the optimum membrane (ZNF1.5-5) shows an ultralow water contact angle (WCA) of 20.2°, high rejections to Congo red (CR, 99.9%), methyl blue (MB, 99.7%), orange G (OG, 95.9%), and tetracycline (TC, 96.7%). The uncompromised MB rejection of the ZNF membrane after a chlorine exposure (10,000 ppm.h) indicates its excellent chlorine resistance. Furthermore, the achieved ultrahigh flux recovery ratio (FRR, 97.8%) for MB demonstrates its outstanding fouling-resistant performance. All results reveal its potential for applications in the treatment of wastewaters from textile and pharmaceutical industries.

Fabrication and characterization of ZnS and ZnSe absorber layers for UV-selective transparent photovoltaics

We have fabricated ZnS, ZnSe and mixed Zn(S,Se) thin film layers for application as solar cell absorbers in ultraviolet (UV)-selective solar cells. We fabricated the thin film layers using a two-step process involving evaporation of the Zn layer followed by an anneal in an H2S and/or H2Se containing atmosphere. A study of the annealing conditions was performed to minimize hole formation in the thin film layer. A mixed Sulfur and Selenium containing layer was also developed in order to reach a 3 eV band gap, such that the layer absorbs all the UV light and leaves the visible light passing through. Next, we tried to increase the conductivity of the layer by adding extrinsic doping elements. Cu was found to increase the conductivity by more than three orders of magnitude, while leaving the transparency of the layer mostly unchanged. Finally, solar cell devices were fabricated using transparent back and front contacts and a NiO buffer layer. We could measure a very small photocurrent of about 100 μA/cm2 and an open circuit voltage of about 500 mV under AM1.5 G illumination.

A Review of Potency of Cassava Peel Waste and Seaweed Carrageenan as Environmentally Friendly Bioplastic

Plastic waste continues to increase every year along with the increasing number of industries and population. Accumulated plastic waste has a negative impact and harm the environmental. The initiative of 3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) has been widely promoted, but it is not optimally implemented. The use of organic materials to substitute the synthetic materials in plastic become alternative to prevent this problem continues in the future. Bioplastics are naturally decomposed by the soil and made from renewable materials. This review aims to explore the potency of cassava peels (Manihot esculenta) and seaweed carrageenan (Eucheuma cottonii) as the bioplastic material. The method used is an effective literature review and in accordance with the topic being discussed. The discussion method is carried out based on research results that have been found by previous researchers, which are then integrated with other researchers to get strong results and conclusions. Cassava peel waste and seaweed carrageenan have the potency to be made into bioplastics because they contain polysaccharide that can form a thin layer films based on gelatinization. The development of cassava peel waste and seaweed carrageenan will becoming the promising materials as substitutions for synthetic plastic, and also could help prevent the negative impact of plastic waste. Furthermore, since the cassava and seaweed are naturally abundant, it will promoting the environmental sustainability.