Thin Biotype Research Articles

Relationship between types of smile and periodontal biotype in dental students of the Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil

Smile being one of the aesthetic parameters most required by patients, dentists tend to evaluate it, among other factors, according to the amount of gingiva that the patient shows when smiling. This smile can be classified as high, medium and low. For correct interpretation and good diagnosis should also be analyzed soft tissue, such as the periodontal biotype, it can be thin and thick. The reason for our investigation is to observe the relationship between the type of smile and the periodontal biotype. The cross-sectional analytical study was performed on 100 UCSG dental students, randomly selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The type of smile was determined, whether it was high, medium or low. The periodontal biotype was determined by two methods: the visual, in which the clinical characteristics of each were analyzed, and by the transparency or not of the probe, through the gingival sulcus in the teeth 11, 12 and 13. Were analyzed 100 subjects, 33 men and 67 women. 27% of the total of the subjects had high smile, 65% showed average smile and the 8 % low smile. 70% showed to have thick biotype while 30% remaining fine biotype. When relating the two variables, of high smile 15%=thin biotype and 85%=thick biotype, of low smile 25%=thin biotype and 75%=thick biotype and of low smile 37%=thin biotype and 63%=thick biotype.

Comparison of Peri-implant Soft Tissue Color with the Use of Pink-Neck vs Gray Implants and Abutments Based on Soft Tissue Thickness: A 6-Month Follow-up Study.

To compare the optical effects of an immediately placed anodized pink-neck implant and abutment vs a conventional gray implant and abutment in relation to soft tissue thickness 6 months after the restoration was completed. Forty patients with a hopeless maxillary anterior tooth received an immediate implant and an immediate provisional or custom healing abutment after flapless extraction. Participants were randomized to receive either a conventional titanium implant (control) or a pink-neck implant (test). All patients then received two identical CAD/CAM titanium abutments (one conventional gray, delivered first, and one anodized to appear pink, delivered 3 weeks after) and a zirconia crown. A spectrophotometer was used to record the color of the peri-implant mucosa and gingiva 3 weeks after delivery of each abutment and 6 months after the final restoration was delivered. The color difference between the two sites was calculated (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*), and correlations with soft tissue thickness, change in ridge dimension, and implant position were assessed. Irrespective of the randomization group, changing the abutments from gray to pink showed a change in color between the peri-implant mucosa and the natural gingiva. Patients with a thin gingival biotype showed a statistically significant color change (P = .00089) in the a* axis, meaning that the gingiva appeared more pink (Δa*). No significant correlation between the soft tissue color and buccolingual collapse, vertical recession, or implant position was observed in either group. The difference in color observed between the peri-implant mucosa and the gingiva was considerable in all groups. Anodized pink implants and abutments could reduce the difference in the red aspect (Δa*) of the peri-implant mucosa compared to the adjacent gingiva in patients with a thin biotype.

Laterally displaced flap along with subepithelial connective tissue graft for root coverage of isolated gingival recession in thin biotype patients: A report of 4 cases

Laterally displaced flap along with subepithelial connective tissue graft for root coverage of isolated gingival recession in thin biotype patients: A report of 4 cases

The laterally closed tunnel for the treatment of mandibular gingival recession in thin biotype patients: case report

본 증례 보고는 하악 전치에 발생한 치은 퇴축을 laterally closed tunnel technique을 이용하여 처치하였다. 환자는 모두 과거 교정 치료 시 하악 전치의 경사도를 변화시켰으며 치주 적으로 얇은 생체형을 가지고 있었다. 터널링법으로 수여 부를 형성하고 구개 측에서 채득한 결합조직이식편을 터널내에 위치시킨 후 판막의 변연을 치근 중앙부를 향해 측방으로 이동시켜 봉합하여 이식편을 피개 하였다. 얇은 치주 생체형에도 불구하고 치근 피개를 성공적으로 얻을 수 있었으며 각화 치은의 획득과 주변 조직과의 색, 형태 조화로 심미성을 달성할 수 있었다.

Prevalencia de biotipo gingival en pacientes adultos de los servicios de odontología de dos hospitales peruanos, Abril – Junio 2018

Introduction: The gingival biotype of a population is important epidemiological data for the best treatment planning, while preserving periodontal health. In Peru there is a shortage of similar data published. Objective: To determine the prevalence of gingival biotype in adult patients of the Dental Service of the Víctor Lazarte Echegaray and Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo, April - June 2018. Ma-terials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study included 200 patients from the Dentistry Service of the Víctor Lazarte Echegaray and Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo. Using the accidental non-probabilistic selection method, the gingival biotype was evaluated through the transparency of periodontal probe technique. To determine the reliability of the method the Kappa statistic was used, finding an inter-evaluator reliability of 0.750 and intra-evaluator of 0.762. Descriptive statistics were used for the results, presenting absolute and percentage frequencies. Results: The prevalence of the thick gingival biotype was 57.5%. Males and females presented predominantly a thick biotype, 63.1% and 54.8% respectively. The groups of 18 to 29 and 30 to 39 years old presented 62.1% and 64.5% a thick biotype, respectively. On the other hand, the majority of people 40 to 50 years old presented a thin gingival biotype (52.8%). Conclusions: The thick gingival biotype was predominant in both sexes and in both hospitals. Also, gingival biotype varies with age, with the thick biotype more prevalent in younger age groups.

A moda brasileira é jovem, branca e magra: perfil de estilistas e modelos na SPFW entre 2013 e 2017

O corpo, entendido como mídia, linguagem que comunica gostos, possibilidades, continuidades e descontinuidades culturais, foi objeto de estudo para se entender uma das múltiplas vertentes do funcionamento da moda atual. Para tanto, foram investigados os perfis de estilistas e modelos participantes do considerado maior e mais significativo evento de moda do Brasil, o SPFW, entre os anos 2013 e 2017, representativo, portanto, nas dinâmicas e comportamentos atuais do campo da moda com relação a esse tema. A pesquisa se justifica pela importância da moda enquanto fenômeno social, materializado em produtos de consumo que permeiam o corpo e o cotidiano da sociedade, expressando comportamentos, identidades nacionais, regionais, locais, individuais e coletivas, tornando-se instrumento para/nas investigações a respeito das práticas e narrativas culturais. Também pela relevância do setor de moda no país, que possui no eixo de vestuário um papel importante na composição da indústria de transformação nacional, seja em valores da sua produção, seja por sua capacidade de gerar empregos. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e análise dos dados, verificou-se a hegemonia jovem/adulta, branca e magra dos biótipos dos agentes investigados, que assim representam a moda brasileira para o país e para mundo. Entre os autores que ofereceram suporte para as análises destacam-se Bourdieu (1992, 1996, 2001, 2006), Del Priore (2000), Mesquita e Castilho (2012) e Santaella (2004).

Marginal bone response of submerged and non-submerged osteoconductive alkali-etched implants in thick and thin biotypes: A 2-year clinical follow-up study.

This follow-up study evaluated the implant success rate and marginal bone response of submerged and non-submerged osteoconductive two-piece implants with a moderately rough implant neck in thick and thin gingival biotypes. The stability of the hard tissue surrounding the implants was evaluated, based on clinical and radiographic examinations performed after implant placement and every follow-up thereafter. The clinical data were processed via linear mixed-effects model statistics at the patient level. Forty-three edentulous and partially edentulous patients were treated with a total of 97 implants with an osteoconductive surface. After 2 years in function, all the implants and dental prostheses reached a 100% success rate according to predefined criteria. Taking implantation as a baseline, the mean change in the marginal bone level (ΔMBLp) after 2 years in function was -0.36 mm (SD: 0.55), and bone resorption higher than 1 mm and less than 2.5 mm was observed for seven implants. Taking dental prosthesis placement as a baseline, the ΔMBLp after 2 years of loading was -0.13 mm (SD: 0.39), and bone resorption higher than 1 mm and less than 2.0 mm was observed only for two implants. Statistically significant differences in mean marginal bone loss were observed in the gingival biotype (P = .006) and submersion (P < .05). Their influence on the dynamics of peri-implant bone loss during the process of biologic width restoration was analyzed. This study demonstrated the high stability of peri-implant hard tissue and the 100% success rate of the implant system with a moderately rough neck. The biotype and implant submersion were evaluated as factors having a significant influence on marginal bone loss.

Analysis of The Gingival Biotype Based on The Measurement of Hard and Soft Dental Tissue Dimensions

ABSTRACT Aim: It is to determine the relationship between gingival thickness and (buccal bone thickness, crown length, crown width, papillary height and papillary width) at upper central incisors teeth by means of a noninvasive and relatively accurate digital registration method. Subjects and Methods: In 100 periodontally healthy subjects, cone-beam computed tomographic images were obtained. Measurements of buccal bone thickness and gingival thickness at the central incisors was performed at points 1 mm from the alveolar crest. Correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the correlation between gingival thickness and buccal bone thickness. Results: The mean and standard deviation values were calculated for each group. Pearson correlation was used to find the correlation between Gingival thickness and each of Bone thickness, Crown length, Crown width, Papillary height and Papillary width. Independent sample t-test was used to compare between females and males’ results in each variable. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05A statistically significant difference was found between females and males in all variables Gingival thickness, Bone thickness, Crown length, Crown width, Papillary height and Papillary width where (p<0.001), (p<0.001), (p=0.001), (p=0.027), (p=0.036) and (p<0.001) respectively, where females always showed thin type. There was a significant positive relationship between gingival thickness and Bone thickness, which states that increasing gingival thickness will be accompanied by increasing in bone thickness and vice versa. Conclusion: there are significant correlation between the gingival biotype, bone thickness, Crown length, crown width and papilla of anterior incisor crowns and respectively were females always showed thin biotype than males.

Gingival biotypes in Mexican students aged 17-19 years old and their associated anatomic structures, socio-demographic and dietary factors.

This was a cross-sectional study with 550 students aged 17-19 years old. Gingival biotype (GB) was classified as thin, thick, and mixed based on visual inspection. Biotypes were associated with anatomical parameters from the anterior teeth, including probing depth, keratinized gingiva (KG), and gingival attachment (GA). Upper lip distance, facial thirds, tooth shape, gingival recessions, and gummy smile (GS) were also measured. Other variables included sex, age, dietary intake, and oral hygiene habits. Prevalence of thin, thick, and mixed biotypes was 68.4%, 19%, and 12.5%, respectively. Recessions occurred most often in those with thin biotypes. GS was more often seen in men with thin biotypes and in women with thick biotypes. There was a relationship between thin biotypes and oval teeth, and between thick biotypes and square teeth. The lower facial third was larger in thin biotypes. Thin biotypes were also related to larger canines, larger lateral and central incisors, and less KG and GA. Conversely, thick biotypes were associated with shorter teeth and with more KG and GA. Dietary intake and dental hygienic were not significantly associated with GB. Morphologic and phenotypic characterization of GBs can be relevant when planning and performing common dental procedures (e.g., prosthetics, implants, and orthodontics).

A novel perspective for predicting gingival biotype via dentopapillary measurements on study models in the Saudi population: Cross-sectional study.

Gingival biotype (GB) is a crucial factor in predicting the success of soft tissue periodontal and peri-implant surgical interventions. Consequently, contemplating noninvasive, less time-consuming procedure to anticipate it has become a part and parcel of the current practice. This article presents a novel algorithm to detect GB in the Saudi population based on the dentopapillary measurements taken on laboratory models. In addition, it targets to allocate a range of values for thick and thin biotypes. Model analysis was done on 160 patients to measure eight gingival parameters, and an algorithm was developed according to the results of multiple and linear regression analyses. Applying the dentopapillary parameters to the algorithm revealed a prediction of the biotype. Finally, the resultant values and the exact thickness were reassessed directly in a sample of patients using a modified caliper. The regression analysis revealed an algorithm predicting biotypes among patients based on their measured dentopapillary values. Discriminant analysis was used to allocate the values to thin and thick biotypes to further demystify that they coincide with <0.7 mm and >1.5 mm, respectively. However, gingival thickness between 0.7 and 1.5 mm was considered intermediate biotype. GB could be predicted based on the dentopapillary measurements taken on laboratory models, which may further reduce the chairside time and increase the success rate of the surgical procedures. Significant variations in the range of values of the thick and thin biotype were detected in the Saudi population compared to other races. The escalating invasion of interventional procedures in the dental practice necessitates measuring the GB as a predictor of procedure success. This study introduces an algorithm for detecting the GB and updates the range of values for thick and thin biotypes in the Saudi population that would consequently reduce chairside time.

An Evaluation of the Relationship Between Peri-implant Soft Tissue Biotype and the Severity of Peri-implantitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the relation between peri-implant soft tissue biotype (STB) and different levels of peri-implantitis severity, and to identify the possible risk indicators that affect the severity of peri-implantitis with regard to STB around dental implants. Eighty-seven patients with 229 implants were diagnosed with peri-implantitis and recruited to the study. Clinical and radiographic parameters including Plaque Index (PI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival/mucosal recession (GR/MR), clinical attachment level (CAL), and marginal bone loss (BL) were analyzed. The periodontal status was assessed, and the levels of peri-implantitis severity were defined. These parameters were compared among the peri-implant STB groups (thick and thin biotype). To evaluate the effect of possible risk indicators on the levels of severity of peri-implantitis, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted for thick and thin biotype groups. The mean values of BOP, MR, CAL, and marginal BL were significantly lower for the thick group compared with the thin group (P < .05). For PI and PD values, no significant differences were found between the groups (P > .05). Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed statistically significant associations between peri-implantitis severity and the risk indicators maintenance therapy compliance and current periodontitis for the thin group (P < .05). The thin biotype could be more prone to increase in the severity of peri-implantitis. Maintenance therapy compliance and current periodontitis could be important risk indicators that affect the progression of the severity of peri-implantitis for implants where keratinized mucosa is thin or absent.

Effect of Primary Stability and Soft- and Hard-Tissue Thickness on Marginal Bone Loss: A Prospective Pilot Study.

To compare prospectively the effect of different insertion torques (ITs) on marginal bone stability and study the effect of soft-tissue and buccal bone thickness as confounding factors while using a 3-dimensional radiographic evaluation. Thirty-nine implants were placed in 22 patients. IT, soft-tissue thickness, and buccal bone thickness were recorded at implant placement. Marginal bone loss was evaluated on individualized periapical radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography at 1 year after loading. Three groups of implants emerged based on their IT: group I (<30 Ncm), group II (between 30-45 Ncm), and group III (>45 Ncm). Soft-tissue thickness was ≤2 mm in 10 implants (25.6% thin biotype) and more than 2 mm in 29 implants (74.4% thick biotype). No significant difference in marginal bone loss was found for different IT and different soft-tissue thickness. A significant correlation was found between initial buccal bone thickness (≥2 mm or <2 mm) and marginal bone loss at 1 year. IT and mucosal tissue thickness did not influence marginal bone loss. Buccal bone thickness of ≥2 mm was associated with a minimal marginal bone remodeling.

Peri-implant Bone Loss of Tissue-Level and Bone-Level Implants in the Esthetic Zone with Gingival Biotype Analysis.

The esthetic outcome of dental implants can be compromised when some degree of bone loss occurs around the implant. This may particularly affect the tissue-level (TL) design. Therefore, bone-level (BL) design implants may be preferable if a natural emergence profile is important. Notwithstanding the implant design, the gingival biotype has been identified as a crucial factor in the stability of crestal bone. The objective of this study was to investigate bone loss in patients with different gingival biotypes at TL and BL implant sites in the esthetic zone. In 41 patients, 20 TL and 22 BL implant procedures were carried out. Intraoral radiographs of all of the 42 sites were taken immediately after implant insertion as well as during the follow-up examination. The analysis of bone height was conducted using a computerized technique. The TRAN method was used to determine the gingival biotype. After a mean in situ period of 4.9 years in the TL group, 12 implants with a thick biotype had a mean bone loss of 0.21 mm (SD: 0.43 mm). The eight implants with a thin biotype had a loss of 0.05 mm (SD: 0.47 mm; P = .31). After a mean in situ period of 1.9 years, the 14 BL sites with a thick biotype showed a mean bone change of -0.03 mm (SD: 0.38 mm). In the eight implants with a thin biotype, a change of +0.09 mm (SD: 0.32 mm; P = .84) was noted. Analysis of the obtained results did not reveal a dependency of bone height on implant design or on gingival biotype. However, prior to choosing an implant design, it may nevertheless be beneficial to screen for transparent soft tissues, where the BL design offers a more natural emergence profile. For this purpose, the TRAN method is clearly the fastest and easiest.

PC111: Modified surgical approaches to corticotomy‐assisted orthodontic treatment in patients with thin biotype. Case reports

PC111: Modified surgical approaches to corticotomy‐assisted orthodontic treatment in patients with thin biotype. Case reports

PC072: Coronally advanced flap and connective tissue graft combination in multiple recessions with thin tissue biotype: a case report

PC072: Coronally advanced flap and connective tissue graft combination in multiple recessions with thin tissue biotype: a case report

PC159: The use of microsurgery techniques to treat Class II Miller recession on the manage of thin periodontal biotype

PC159: The use of microsurgery techniques to treat Class II Miller recession on the manage of thin periodontal biotype

Correlation between Gingival Biotype, Marginal Bone Loss, Periapical Infection and Schneiderian Membrane Thickness in Chronic Periodontitis Patients (A Cross-Sectional

Background: Identification of factors affecting maxillary sinus membrane thickness would be of practical importance in surgical planning for both implant placement and otolaryngeal surgery. This study aimed to analyze a possible correlation be­tween Schneiderian membrane thickness (SMT) and gingival biotype (GB), marginal bone loss (MBL) and presence of periapical infection (PAI) of related teeth using Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)Subjects and Methods: A total of fifty consecutive moderate to severe chronic periodontitis patients were included in this cross-sectional study. The patients’ sex and age were recorded. Clinical measurement of (GB) was performed in the premolar and first molar area, and then (CBCT) images of patients were examined for (SMT), (MBL) and presence of (PAI) in the same area. All measured parameters were analyzed and graded. Then correlation between these parameters and Schneiderian membrane thickness was evaluated.Results: Higher percentage of severe SMT was observed in patient with thick gingival biotype (37.3%) than those with thin biotype (33.3%) and a direct positive correlation between SMT and MBL (r= 0.595, p<0.001) was detected. Cases with PAI showed higher mean sinus membrane thickness (5.3±1.97) than normal cases (2.26±1.90) (p<0.001).Conclusion: The presence of periapical infection marginal bone loss or clinically detected thick gingival biotype in the maxilla could be associated with thicker Schneiderian membrane, so clinicians should be aware of these clinical and radiographic findings that could predict the sinus membrane thickness.

Evaluation of the depth of the gingival surco after the use of the retractor 00 thread for class v restorations in patients attended at the Dental Clinic of the University of the Americas

Objective: To evaluate the depth of the gingival sulcus after the use of retractor thread 00 for class V restorations. Materials and Methods: For the present investigation, 84 dental pieces were evaluated in 46 patients, both men and women who attended the Clinic of the University of the Americas. Probing and control were performed at 72 hours to determine if it affected the retractor thread at the level of the gingival sulcus. Results: 64.29% of the pieces evaluated showed a change, while 35.71% remained in the normal standard. Regarding the differentiation of gingival biotypes, a greater change in the measurement of the gingival sulcus was obtained in patients with a thin biotype with 64.81% of the pieces evaluated in relation to the gross biotype with 35.19%. In the present study, the existence of bleeding at the level of the gingival sulcus was also determined at the time of the drilling: initial, middle and final. With bleeding results of 7.69%, 34.62% and 57.69% respectively. Conclusion: It was determined that there are significant differences with respect to the depth of the furrow presented in the initial, middle and final drilli ng, however the level of depth of the furrow was higher in the Middle Probe. This confirms that the use of the retractor thread a ffects the periodontium when performing the restorative procedure. In this study it was shown that 64.29% of the pieces evaluated were affected.

An assessment of different gingival biotypes in individuals with varying forms of maxillary central incisors and canines: A hospital-based study

Introduction: The gingival morphology plays an important role in determining the final esthetic outcome. Different gingival biotypes respond differently to inflammation, restorative, trauma, and parafunctional habits. Some gingival features are influenced by tooth shape, position, and size, as well as gender and age. The thick biotype is more resistant to gingival recession and thin gingival biotype is more prone to recession, bleeding, and inflammation. Methods: A total of 220 patients of the age group of 20–50 years with well-aligned dentition and healthy gingival tissues, who agreed to be a subject of the study were included. Gingival biotype (GT) was assessed by a single examiner. Crown width/crown length ratio (CW/CL) of both central incisors and canines was determined according to Olsson and Lindhe. Gingival biotype was evaluated and categorized into thick or thin. Papillary Height (PH) was calculated as the distance from the top of the papilla to a line connecting the midfacial soft tissue margin of the two adjacent teeth, and the mean value was calculated. Results: In this study, 103 males and 117 females had participated. CW/CL ratio of the maxillary central incisors and canines, respectively, was 0.80 and 0.82 in males and 0.82 and 0.79 in females. Males had a short, wide form while females had long, narrow form. Thicker gingival biotype was more common in males. 71.84% of subjects with short, wide tooth form of maxillary central incisors had a thick and 28.16% had thin gingival biotype, whereas 48.72% of long, narrow tooth form of central incisors had thick and 51.28% had thin gingival biotype. Thick gingival biotype (62.20%) was more prevalent in young age group. The mean PH was 4.51 mm in males and 4.04 mm in females. Discussion: The determination of thickness of the gingival tissue plays an important role in treatment planning process for orthodontics, root coverage, extractions, and implant placement, especially in the maxillary anterior area. GT is assessed by an invasive and a noninvasive method. Many studies have emphasized the findings that the thicker biotype prevents mucosal recession, hides the restorative margins, and camouflages the titanium implant shadows. It also prevents biological seal around implants, thus reducing the crestal bone resorption. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that the thicker gingival biotype is more prevalent in males and is associated with short, wider form of teeth while thinner scalloped biotype is more common in females and is associated with long, narrow tooth form. Thick flat biotype is seen in younger individuals while thin scalloped gingival biotype in older age. Decrease in PH is observed with thin biotype.

Gingival Biotype Assessment in relation to varying tooth form-A Cross Sectional Study

The role of gingival tissue in restorative dentistry is important in harmonizing esthetics and biological function. Gingival biotypes have been stated to be thick or thin. Patients with thin biotype are more susceptible to recession, inflammation, and compromised soft tissue response. The correct identification of gingival biotypes is important for the treatment of planning process in restorative and implant dentistry. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of different biotypes in individuals with varying forms of maxillary central incisors. A total of 150 students with age range of 18-21 years participated in the study. Clinical parameters including the papillary height, crown width/length ratio of the central incisors and gingival thickness were recorded by one examiner. The measurements were tabulated and evaluated. Females had thinner biotypes and short, wider form of maxillary central incisors. and males exhibited thicker biotype with long, narrower forms of maxillary central incisors.