Effect Of Thickness Variation Research Articles

Interface assisted high magnetoresistance in BiFeO3/Fe97Si3 thin film at room temperature

Bilayer thin films of multiferroic oxide BiFeO3 and metallic alloy Fe97Si3 deposited by RF-magnetron sputtering have been investigated to understand spin polarized electron transport across bilayer interface. Effect of BiFeO3 thickness variation on magnetic and magnetotransport properties of bilayer thin films has been analyzed. An induced unidirectional magnetic anisotropy in bilayer thin films has been observed by interface coupling between antiferromagnetic BiFeO3 and ferromagnetic Fe97Si3 spin magnetic moments. Increasing interface roughness with increase in BiFeO3 film thickness has been found to be a regulatory factor for inducing in-plane unidirectional anisotropy and exchange interaction at bilayer interface. A high magnetic moment ∼315 emu/cc originated at room temperature by uncompensated interface spin density has been measured in 30 nm thick BiFeO3 film. Magnetic inhomogeneities at interface give rise to a spin glass like phase responsible for spin flip scattering at bilayer interface. Enhanced low field magnetoresistance ∼30% in 60 nm thick BiFeO3 film is ascribed to intensified scattering from disordered interface states with increasing BiFeO3 thickness. Magnetodielectric measurements (applied magnetic field 1 kOe) have revealed five times increase in relaxation time of charge carriers inside grains confirming intergrain charge transport dominated by alignment of magnetic moments of nearby grains via exchange coupling. High value of magnetoresistance ∼46% in 60 nm thick film of increased grain size is due to enhanced critical length for charge transport. Observed room temperature magnetoresistive properties of BiFeO3/Fe97Si3 thin films are critical for developing multiferroic antiferromagnetic based spintronic devices.

Compressive deformation and failure of trabecular structures in a turtle shell

Turtle shells comprising of cortical and trabecular bones exhibit intriguing mechanical properties. In this work, compression tests were performed using specimens made from the carapace of Kinixys erosa turtle. A combination of imaging techniques and mechanical testing were employed to examine the responses of hierarchical microstructures of turtle shell under compression. Finite element models produced from microCT-scanned microstructures and analytical foam structure models were then used to elucidate local responses of trabecular bones deformed under compression. The results reveal the contributions from micro-strut bending and stress concentrations to the fractural mechanisms of trabecular bone structures. The porous structures of turtle shells could be an excellent prototype for the bioinspired design of deformation-resistant structures. Statement of SignificanceIn this study, a combination of analytical, computational models and experiments is used to study the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the compressive deformation of a Kinixys erosa turtle shell between the nano-, micro- and macro-scales. The proposed work shows that the turtle shell structures can be analyzed as sandwich structures that have the capacity to concentrate deformation and stresses within the trabecular bones, which enables significant energy absorption during compressive deformation. Then, the trends in the deformation characteristics and the strengths of the trabecular bone segments are well predicted by the four-strut model, which captures the effects of variations in strut length, thickness and orientation that are related to microstructural uncertainties of the turtle shells. The above results also suggest that the model may be used to guide the bioinspired design of sandwich porous structures that mimic the properties of the cortical and trabecular bone segments of turtle shells under a range of loading conditions.

Analysis of structural parameters on sensitivity of black phosphorus junctionless recessed channel MOSFET for biosensing application

This paper presents a technology computer-aided design analysis of an ultrasensitive black phosphorus junctionless recessed channel MOSFET as a biosensor. A nano cavity gap is embedded in the gate insulator region (for molecules immobilization) due to which gate capacitance changes owing to the accumulation of different molecules which reflects the deviation in threshold voltage. Higher sensitivity (1.7) is achieved for protein at low Vds (0.2 V) in comparison to streptavidin (1.17) and Biotin (1.24). Further, the effect of cavity gap length and oxide thickness variation is also examined. All the results pave the way for early detection techniques of protein-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s diseases, ovarian cancer and coronary artery disease with the existing complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology.

Strain anisotropy and magnetic domain structures in multiferroic heterostructures: High-throughput finite-element and phase-field studies

Understanding magnetic domain structures and their responses to electric fields in multiferroic heterostructures is critical to the design of electric-field-driven spintronic devices. High-throughput finite-element and phase-field simulations are performed to probe the piezoelectric strain anisotropy and its relaxation, magnetic domain structures and their responses to applied voltages as function of the in-plane dimensions and thickness of the magnetic Ni nanoislands grown on a Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) membrane. The piezoelectric strain anisotropy is found to increase with the in-plane aspect ratio, but it can be significantly relaxed, as large as >80%, in nanoislands of thickness larger than >15 nm. Magnetic domain diagrams are established to identify the domain structures for Ni nanoislands of different lengths of in-plane major and minor axis, as well as thickness. When a voltage is applied to the multiferroic heterostructure, the single-domain magnetic domain can be switched by the piezoelectric strain, whereas the vortex domain is not switched. However, for a multiferroic heterostructure with a thick nanoisland wherein most of the piezoelectric strain is relaxed, the single-domain magnetic domain shows a weak response to the voltage and cannot be switched. The effect of thickness variation in real magnets on the switching is also discussed. The present results are expected to provide guidance to the understanding and design of multiferroic nanostructures for achieving electric-field-modulated magnetic properties.

Experimental and numerical investigations on dynamic behavior of CFRP laminates

Increased application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites to resist blast loadings necessitated investigating their dynamic behavior. It requires characterization of the CFRP laminates at high strain rates using split Hopkinson pressure bar or comparable device. In this investigation, tensile properties of the CFRP laminates subjected to high strain rates are studied experimentally and numerically. Experimental evaluation of tensile properties of the CFRP laminates using the Hopkinson bar is a tedious, time consuming, and costly exercise. Hence, upon conducting limited experimental evaluation, a numerical model is developed to characterize these composites at high strain rates. The developed numerical model of the Hopkinson bar technique is validated against the results obtained from the experiments conducted using crossbow system on the CFRP laminates. Full-scale tensile stress–strain curves are developed to study the effect of the strain rate on the ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus, and energy absorption capacity of the CFRP laminates. It is observed that the CFRP laminates are sensitive to the strain rates and their ultimate tensile strength and energy absorption increases with the increase in the strain rate. Moreover, the effect of variation in thickness and length to width ratio for a constant stress pulse is insignificant.

DEĞİŞKEN KALINLIKLI ELİPTİK FGM PLAKLARIN BURKULMA SICAKLIKLARININ BELİRLENMESİ

In this paper, the thermal buckling loads of elliptical thin plates made of functionally graded material (FGM) with thicknesses that vary parabolically are examined. The aim is to study the effect of parabolic thickness variations in the directions of both axes on the thermal buckling of FGM plates. In the analyses, the boundaries are assumed to be simply supported and clamped. Rayleigh-Ritz method is applied to solve the partial differential equations. The Poisson’s ratios of the plates are kept constant, but their moduli of elasticity and thermal expansion coefficients are assumed to vary functionally in the thickness direction due to the material characteristics of FGMs. The study is carried out for several plate aspect ratios. Thermal buckling results of elliptical FGM plates with parabolically varying thicknesses are determined and the critical temperatures of those plates are obtained.

The effect of an elastomer interlayer thickness variation on the mechanical properties of Fiber-Metal-Laminates

Fiber-Metal-Laminates with elastomer interlayers (FMEL) consisting of CFRP and Al 2024-T3 were manufactured with standard and thin elastomer interlayers to evaluate the mechanical properties of the FMELs. The elastomer layer thickness reduction was necessary to increase lightweight potential of the laminate. The layer thickness was reduced using a new process step. The thin elastomer layers were obtained using a solvent and deposited on the aluminum core layer before manufacturing the laminate. The effects of the additional manufacturing step and the thickness variation on the mechanical properties of the laminate were examined focusing on interfacial and flexural behavior. The FMEL were compared to FML to determine the impact of the elastomer interlayer. The FMEL with thin elastomer interlayers exhibited a higher flexural stiffness but lower strain to failure than the FMEL accounting for the lower deformation in the thinner elastomer layer. The interfacial properties showed a satisfactory quality after the solution step, which was presented by identical interfacial shear strength compared to the FMEL. The FMEL with thin elastomer interlayers could be manufactured through a solution step and the mechanical properties led to the desired results.

Parameterized Comparison of Nanotransistors Based on CNT and GNR Materials: Effect of Variation in Gate Oxide Thickness and Dielectric Constant

Silicon based technology encounters scaling parameters that prohibit the advancement of transistor technology. Graphene nanoribbons (GNR) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) are often considered the predominating devices to replace silicon technology. Carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs) are considered the most promising devices because of their most interesting properties such as high current carrying ability (∼ 1010 A/cm2), excellent carrier mobility, scalability, high reliability for elevated temperature operation, and negligible leakage current. In this paper, a comparative analysis of CNTFET and graphene nanoribbon field effect transistors (GNRFET) is presented. The results of simulations are presented, and comparisons of devices are done based on different parameters listed as ION/IOFF current ratio, trans-conductance, and inverse subthreshold slope using NanoTCAD ViDES. After simulation, it is shown that CNTFET offers better results for ION/IOFF on the order of 106, subthreshold swing (SS) as 74.4 mV/dec, and transconductance as 7.6 μS. Further the effect of oxide thickness and dielectric constant has been studied for both FET devices. At the end, it is concluded that CNTFET offers better simulation result than that of GNRFET.

Performance improvement of piezoelectric energy harvester using non-uniform beam with cavity

Energy harvesting using cantilever based piezoelectric structure is most popular for harvesting electrical energy from ambient vibrations. Attempts are also made to increase the harvester power by means of tailoring the structural parameters of the cantilever beam. This paper presents a non-uniform beam based energy harvester associated with a piezoelectric patch to achieve higher power by means of tailoring the width of beam linearly with positive tapering ratio towards its free end. It is also proposed to introduce a rectangular and trapezoidal cavity in the uniform thickness-width tapered energy harvesters to further maximise the harvester voltage. The mode shapes and fundamental natural frequency of proposed energy harvesters are obtained analytically by using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and its free vibration solution is analysed by using Bessel functions. The performance of the proposed energy harvesters is demonstrated through both analytical and experimental implementation. It is shown that the inclusion of the rectangular and trapezoidal cavity in the harvester beam significantly affects the output voltage due to the change in the neutral axis of beam. The effects of variation in thickness of rectangular and trapezoidal cavity on the mode frequencies, harvester voltage and power are determined analytically. From the results of analytical model and experimentation, it is concluded that width tapered beam increases the harvester voltage by 16.33% as compared to the energy harvester considered with uniform cantilever beam. Among all the energy harvesters projected during this paper, the maximum voltage is produced from the width tapered beam with trapezoidal cavity. The experimental results are in close agreement with the results obtained from the analytical model.

Size dependent optical properties of ZnO@Ag core/shell nanostructures

In this paper, we studied the effect of size and thickness variation on the optical properties of a system that consists of spherical ZnO@Ag core/shell composite nanostructures embedded in a dielectric host matrix. The effective dielectric function, polarizability, refractive index, and absorbance of the composite nanostructures are determined using the Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory within the framework of the electrostatic approximation. The numerical simulations using nanoinclusions of radii 20 nm show interesting behavior in the optical responses of the ensemble. In particular, it is shown that for different values of metal fraction and filling factor, the polarizability, refractive index, and optical absorbance of the ensemble exhibit two sets of resonance peaks in the UV (around 300 nm) and visible (between 400 and 640 nm) spectral regions. These peaks are attributed to the surface plasmon resonance of silver at the ZnO/Ag and Ag/host-matrix interface. Moreover, when the Ag shell thickness is increased, the observed resonance peaks are enhanced; accompanied with slight red shifts in the UV and blue shifts in the visible regions. The results obtained may be used in various applications such as sensors and nano-optoelectronics devices in optimizing material parameters to the ‘desired’ values.

Nonlinear vibrations of thin plates with variable thickness: Application to sound synthesis of cymbals.

Geometrically nonlinear vibrations of thin plates and shells with variable thickness are investigated numerically with the purpose of synthesizing the sound of cymbals. In cymbal making, taper refers to the gradual change in thickness from the centre to the rim and is known to be a key feature that determines the tone of the instrument. It is generally used in conjunction with shape variations in order to enable the cymbal to play a bell-like sound when hit near its centre, or a crash sound when struck close to the edge. The von Kármán equations for thin plates with thickness and shape variations are derived, and a numerical method combining a Rayleigh-Ritz approach together with a Störmer-Verlet scheme for advancing the problem in time is detailed. One main advantage of the method is its ability to implement easily any frequency-dependent loss mechanism which is a key property for sound synthesis. Also, the accuracy of the computation of the nonlinear restoring force is especially preserved. The method is employed to synthesize the sounds of cymbal-like instruments. The impact of taper is addressed and the relative effects of both thickness and shape variations, are contrasted.

Review of wound roll stress in roll-to-roll manufacturing of flexible electronics

Flexible electronics has been widely used in many main-stream applications like flexible display, thin-film solar cell, RFID tags, flexible sensors, and so on. Roll-to-roll (R2R) is a kind of method by which flexible substrate can be processed in a continuous way. This kind of method saves time, cost, reduces delay time and increases efficiency, throughput, performance, etc. The typical R2R system mainly consists of unwinding unit, feeding unit and winding unit, where deviation rectification control, tension control, vibration control and position control are needed. By taking full advantages of the deformation characteristics of flexible electronics, the R2R process has become one of the most effective ways in manufacturing flexible electronics. The winding unit is an essential part in the R2R system and the control of the wound roll stress in winding process is one of the main factors affecting the quality and productivity of flexible electronics. A tiny wound roll stress will cause difficulties in storage and transportation. The substrates or the electronic circuits mounted on it may be broken when the wound roll stress is too large. This paper begins with the discussion of common issues and the influence of wound roll stress in winding process. Currently, the web tension and its lateral position are two factors that mainly affect the wound roll stress. The wound roll stress will increase with the augment of the web tension. While a variation of lateral position can cause non-uniform wound roll stress in cross machine direction. Subsequently, the modelling methods and solution methods based on elastic mechanics, Laplace transformation, discrete modelling and finite element method are generalized. The four models are called elastic winding model, viscoelastic winding model, pseudo winding model and FEM winding model respectively. The elastic model is derived to predict wound roll stress of the elastic web. The viscoelastic model is developed to study how the wound roll stress changes with time after winding. In the pseudo model and the FEM model, the effect of thickness variation along the width direction is considered. Then this review analyses the effects of winding speed-induced inertia force, web deformation and its inhomogeneous thickness, temperature, air entrainment, structure of the nip roller and the core shaft on the wound roll stress. The taper tension control and constant tension control methods for wound roll stress and engineering applications in RFID tag packaging, seal lamination and flexible OLED manufacturing are also presented. Finally, this paper forecasts the key problems need to be further studied for the wound roll stress in winding process. The study of wound roll stress may focusing on the following aspects: (1) Conducting wound roll stress studies that considering the effect of thickness variation in machine direction; (2) usually we consider the wound roll as an axisymmetric cylinder, so it is necessary to develop a winding model to deal with the helical structure of the wound roll; (3) when deriving winding models, its necessary to consider the discontinuous contact between layers.

The Effect of variations in PVD installation distance and thickness of soft soil layer for the degree of consolidation and time of consolidation at Gunung Anyar, Surabaya

Gunung Anyar is one of the areas in East Surabaya which has quite a high indication of the spread of soil clay with The combined Cv is 0.0008 - 0.000125 cm2/s, which indicates long a consolidation time. The appropriate soil improvement method to speed up the consolidation time is to use a combination of preloading and prefabricated vertical drain. Simple statistical analysis was performed to obtain prefabricated vertical drain’s thickness and length in general is 3.33 mm and 100 mm. The analysis consists of the effect PVD installation distance which is 1 m, 1.5 m and 2 m of triangular and rectangular patterns and variations thickness of soft soil clay are 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m. At the same installation distance with different thickness of soft soil layer, the changes of degreethe of consolidation was only <1%. Triangular pattern with an installation distance of 1 m PVD soft soil thickness 20 m, with 90% degree of consolidation the time requirement is 11 – 25 weeks. if soft soil thickness same and the difference in installation distance of 1 m, degreethe of consolidation decreased by 18.32% - 51.05% triangular pattern and 23.75%-45.69% rectangular pattern.

The Thickness of the Mantle Lithosphere and Collision-Related Volcanism in the Lesser Caucasus

The Lesser Caucasus mountains sit on a transition within the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone between very thin lithosphere (<100 km) to the west, under Eastern Anatolia, and a very thick lithospheric root (up to 200 km) in the east, under western Iran. A transect of volcanic highlands running from NW to SE in the Lesser Caucasus allows us to look at the effects of lithosphere thickness variations on the geochemistry of volcanic rocks in this continental collision zone. Volcanic rocks from across the region show a wide compositional range from basanites to rhyolites, and have arc-like geochemical characteristics, typified by ubiquitous negative Nb–Ta anomalies. Magmatic rocks from the SE, where the lithosphere is thought to be thicker, are more enriched in incompatible trace elements, especially the light rare earth elements, Sr and P. They also have more radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, and less radiogenic ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd. Across the region, there is no correlation between SiO₂ content and Sr–Nd isotope ratios, revealing a lack of crustal contamination. Instead, ‘spiky’ mid-ocean ridge basalt normalized trace element patterns are the result of derivation from a subduction-modified mantle source, which probably inherited its subduction component from subduction of the Tethys Ocean prior to the onset of continent–continent collision in the late Miocene. In addition to the more isotopically enriched mantle source, modelling of non-modal batch melting suggests lower degrees of melting and the involvement of garnet as a residual phase in the SE. Melt thermobarometry calculations based on bulk-rock major elements confirm that melting in the SE must occur at greater depths in the mantle. Temperatures of melting below 1200°C, along with the subduction-modified source, suggest that melting occurred within the lithosphere. It is proposed that in the northern Lesser Caucasus this melting occurs close to the base of the very thin lithosphere (at a depth of ∼45 km) as a result of small-scale delamination. A striking similarity between the conditions of melting in NW Iran and the southern Lesser Caucasus (two regions between which the difference in lithosphere thickness is ∼100 km) suggests a common mechanism of melt generation in the mid-lithosphere (∼75 km). The southern Lesser Caucasus magmas result from mixing between partial melts of deep lithosphere (∼120 km in the south) and mid-lithosphere sources to give a composition intermediate between magmas from the northern Lesser Caucasus and NW Iran. The mid-lithosphere magma source has a distinct composition compared with the base of the lithosphere, which is argued to be the result of the increased retention of metasomatic components in phases such as apatite and amphibole, which are stabilized by lower temperatures prior to magma generation.

Naturalcarbon-metal composite for supercapacitor application

Water hyacinth (eichhornia crassipes)has been used as the material to produce carbon and metal oxide composite for supercapacitor electrode. The study focus on the effect of electrode thickness variation: (i) 0,26 mm (ii) 0.28 mm, and (iii) 0.30 mm on the electrode density and specific capacitance of the supercapacitor cell. The composite electrode was labeled as CMWH1, CMWH2, and CMWH3. The density of CMWHs electrode are 0.65 gcm−3, 0.66 gcm−3, and 0.70 gcm−3 for CMWH1, CMWH2, and CMWH3 sample respectively. These results show the density is directly proportional to the thickness of the electrode. Electrochemical properties characterization of CMWH electrode was performed using cyclic voltammetry method. The specific capacitance of the CMWH electrode is obtained at 97.64 Fg−1 108.43 Fg−1, and 96.54 Fg−1 for CMWH 1, CMWH2 and CMWH3. Specific capacitance shows the optimum condition at 0.28 mm thickness. The difference trend of specific capacitance with density influenced by pseudocapacitance material properties that exist CMWH electrode. For addition, the TG Analysis, SEM, EDX, and XRD also included in the study.

Calibration of Beremin Parameters for 20MnMoNi55 Steel and Prediction of Reference Temperature (T0) for Different Thicknesses and a/W Ratios

Master curve and reference temperature (T0) from three-point bending specimens of 20MnMoNi55 steel for different thicknesses and a/W ratios are determined using Kim Wallin’s master curve methodology (ASTM E1921-02) to study the effect of variation in thickness and a/W ratio at reference temperature (T0). Weibull stress at the crack tip is calculated from FE analysis of each fracture test using FE software ABAQUS. Calibration of Beremin parameters, like Weibull modulus (m) and scaling parameter (σu), and Cm,n is done using linear regression analysis of a large number of fracture test data at single test temperature. T0 for different thicknesses and a/W ratios are also evaluated from corresponding Weibull stress based on Beremin model using calibrated m, σu and Cm,n which are compared with experimental results showing case-specific good matching. The same calibrated values of Beremin parameters and Cm,n are also used to evaluate T0 for CT specimen of the same material using Beremin model, and an excellent matching with the experimental result is found.

Influence of thickness variation of gamma-irradiated DSSC photoanodic TiO2 film on structural, morphological and optical properties

Properties of photoanodic nanocrystalline oxide film may vary with thickness and gamma irradiation. In this work, photoanodic nanocrystalline TiO2 films of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 μm thickness were fabricated on glass substrate as well as irradiated with 10 kGy gamma irradiation dose. Effect of film thickness on morphological, compositional, structural and optical properties of the irradiate film were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and UV–vis spectrophotometer. The XRD result showed significant change in mole fraction, phase content, crystal size, strain, specific surface area, morphology index, crystallites per unit surface area, and dislocation density of both anatase and rutile phase due to variation of irradiated film thickness. UV–vis-NIR spectroscopy results revealed that the optical bandgap increased with the increase of film thickness and found 2.80, 2.85, 3.15, 3.20, and 3.40 eV for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 μm film. These studies will be beneficial to more deeply understand the effect of both gamma radiation and variation in film thickness on several properties of photoanodic layer.

Passive voltage amplification in non‐leaky ferroelectric–dielectric heterostructure

This work presents the effect of ferroelectric thickness variation on properties (negative capacitance stabilisation, voltage amplification and capacitance enhancement) of ferroelectric–dielectric (FE–DE) heterostructure. For a better understanding of heterostructure, the study has analysed isolated ferroelectric capacitor first. Results clearly indicate the unstable nature of negative capacitance in ferroelectric capacitor. This negative capacitance can be stabilised by adding a dielectric capacitor in series with ferroelectric capacitor. Dielectric capacitor not only stabilises the negative capacitance state but is also responsible for the increase in capacitance of heterostructure. Afterwards dynamic response of FE–DE hetrostructure is studied. It is observed that thickness has strong dependence on ferroelectric parameters. With the increase in ferroelectric thickness, ferroelectric capacitance decreases and hence leads to voltage amplification. However, ferroelectric thickness should not be increased beyond critical thickness, as beyond critical thickness voltage amplification cannot be achieved without hysteresis.

Performance Analysis of CNFET Based 6T SRAM

CNFET is an emerging device which facilitates continuing feature size scaling trend. This novel device is predicted to outperform existing planer devices in near future owing to its unique features like ballistic transport operation, excellent carrier mobility, high current carrying capability, high stability, one dimensional band structure. In this paper, the performance of CNFET based six transistor (6T) SRAM cell has been analyzed. The effects of variations in dielectric material, oxide thickness, metal gate and CNT work function, Fermi level and chiral vector on power delay product (PDP) and static noise margin (SNM) are comprehensively analyzed. It is observed that Hafnium Silicate (HfSiO4) as dielectric material at 1nm oxide thickness yields best results in terms of stability and energy efficiency. CNT work function of 4.65eV yields most optimum PDP value of 63.59 zepto Joule.

The Effect of Infill Steel Plate Thickness on the Cycle Behavior of Steel Plate Shear Walls

Steel plate shear wall (SPSW) is commonly used in civil schemes because of its good deformability and stiffness. In this research, the numerical analysis of steel plate shear wall (SPSW) with unstiffened infill steel plate is conducted. This paper explains the effect of thickness variation of infill steel plate on behavior of steel plate. In this status, several samples are designed and checked by rigid frame and actuator. The experimental samples is joined to a rigid frame. 3 numerical specimens consist of steel plate shear wall with different thickness (1.5, 3, 4. 5) mm formed by finite element code which is advanced by the Amirkabir university. To confirm the model, numerical results were discussed with a valid experiment which explain suitable agreement. Numerical model tested under cyclic loading with frequency of 1/60 Hz. Results show that the increase of infill steel plate thickness enhance stiffness and ductility ratio of model. And so, would decrease energy absorption in comparison with the reference model