Thickets Research Articles

Shedding light into the application thicket

Shedding light into the application thicket

Trailing through the Thicket

Trailing through the Thicket

Survivorship of spekboom (Portulacaria afra) planted within the Subtropical Thicket Restoration Programme (with Corrigendum)

CITATION: Mills, A. J. & Robson, A. 2017. Survivorship of spekboom (Portulacaria afra) planted within the Subtropical Thicket Restoration Programme (with Corrigendum). South African Journal of Science, 113(1/2), Art. #a0196, doi:10.17159/sajs.2017.

Retamoid scrubs of the Cytisetea scopario-striati in the Netherlands : A new approach to classify marginal associations

Marginal associations, i.e. floristically impoverished associations at the margin of the distribution area of a higher syntaxon, form a problem in vegetation classification, because true character species are lacking. We propose a new approach for the classification of such marginal associations, making use of the notion of 'chorological tension zones'. In the absence of true character species, the species from other syntaxa of the same formation can be used as such. Our proposal is to use the species group from every formation-true class only once within every marginal alliance, to limit the number of possible marginal associations. This approach is illustrated in a classification of the retamoid thickets in the Netherlands. On the basis of a numerical-subjective classification of the relevant species in the scrub layer and the evaluation of relevant literature, we conclude that the broom and gorse thickets in the Netherlands can be assigned to the Cytisetea scopario-striati Rivas-Mart. 1974, which is represented by four associations, each of which is characterised by the species of other scrub classes. The Ulici europaei- Sarothamnion scoparii Doing ex Weber 1997 is represented by the Rubo plicati-Sarothamnetum scoparii Weber 1987 and the Crataego monogynae-Cytisetum scoparii R. Haveman, I. de Ronde & J.H.J. Schaminee ass. nov., the Ulici europaei-Cytision striati Rivas-Mart., Bascones, Diaz, Fern. Gonz. & Loidi 1991 by the Frangulo alni-Ulicetum europaei De Foucault 1988 and the Rubo ulmifolii- Ulicetum europaei J.-M. Gehu ex R. Haveman, I. de Ronde & J.H.J. Schaminee ass. nov. This classification is based on a restricted dataset though, and a revision, based on a larger dataset from a wider region has to prove the tenability of the classification.

Cricket in the Thicket: Poems about Bugs by Carol Murray

Cricket in the Thicket: Poems about Bugs by Carol Murray

New locality and confirmation of some historical data for critically endangered sozophyte Nigella arvensis L. in Southern Poland

Nigella arvensis L. is a rare archaeophyte which was previously recorded in 244 localities in Poland. It occurred in segetal associations and in vicinity of xerothermophilous thickets and grasslands. However in 21st century it was confirmed in only few localities (Piwowarczyk 2010; Ciosek & Cibor-Stefanska 2010; Zając & Zając 2014). The aim of our work was the description of three current localities and phytosociological identification of plots with N. arvensis. The sites were assigned to a square (10×10 km) on the ATPOL girds (Zając 1978). The new stand was found in Osiny (EE95). Two other localities were confirmed for Lisi Kamien hill near Szydlow (EF07) in Malopolska Upland, and for Salomin in Lubelska Upland (FE74). The plots were included in community of alliance Caucalidion lappulae R. Tx. 1950 and association Vicietum tetraspermae Kruseman et Vlieger 1939 em. Kornaś 1950.

“AND I SEE SPIDERS, AND I GRAZE ON THICKETS…”: On the Ecological Calling of Poetry

“AND I SEE SPIDERS, AND I GRAZE ON THICKETS…”: On the Ecological Calling of Poetry

The Defensive Patent Playbook

After the dot-com bubble collapsed, non-practicing entities (“NPEs”) emerged on the patent playing field. Patent thickets and aggressive litigation by non-practicing entities turned the patent system on its head. As a result, companies developed an array of defensive options and strategies to counter the changing use of patents. However, the tactics needed to navigate the patent system evolved as the landscape shifted. The analysis below follows the chronological evolution of defensive strategies and sets forth a defensive patent playbook for practitioners in the patent field.The analysis below follows the chronological evolution of defensive strategies and sets forth a defensive patent playbook for practitioners in the patent field.This Note proceeds in four parts. Each Part reviews the development of the patent landscape as a necessary backdrop for an analysis of various defensive patent plays. The issues from each era cumulated to shape the current patent landscape. Part I evaluates early defensive methods used to navigate webs of overlapping patent rights. Part II describes the rise of NPEs, changes in substantive doctrines, and additional strategies introduced in the wake of the dot-com bubble. Part III discusses the current trend towards increased monetization, and assesses defensive options in the current landscape. Part IV explores defensive tactics that may become widely used in the future.

Является ли «жанр» «типом»? (генологические джунгли в полонистике и германистике)

Является ли «жанр» «типом»? (генологические джунгли в полонистике и германистике)

La tentative PIPRA (Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture) un « commun » en propriété intellectuelle sur les biotechnologies agricoles ?

Un consortium d’universites et instituts de recherche a but non lucratif, base en Californie, PIPRA, vise a liberer la recherche agricole entravee par la croissance spectaculaire des droits de propriete intellectuelle. Au regard du probleme qu’elle entend resoudre (celui des taillis de brevets dans le secteur des biotechnologies agricoles), de la finalite qu’elle poursuit (faciliter l’acces aux biotechnologies agricoles pour les cultures orphelines de recherche), et des moyens qu’elle imagine mettre en œuvre (former un centre d’echange en propriete intellectuelle et constituer des communautes de brevets), PIPRA se presente tel un « commun ». En depit de quelques realisations, l’initiative n’a toutefois pas remporte le succes escompte et l’on peut s’interroger sur les causes de cette faillite : reposant sur des erreurs d’evaluation, l’entreprise ne pouvait prosperer. Un « pseudo-commun » et/ou un « commun contrarie », PIPRA etait sans doute vouee a l’echec en raison de sa nature meme.

Eksistensi Keilmuan Islam

Material objects of Islamic knowladge is not limited to the subject - matter that is empirical, but also the metaphysical .The Islamic sciences are classified into basic groups and groups of branches of these two groups were divided into the Islamic sciences fields. These areas are the fields ; the source of the teachings of Islam, in Islamic thought, social institutions, and the history of Islamic civilization, language and literature of Islam, Islamic education, propagation of Islam and the modern development/renewal in the fields. Classification of the Islamic sciences does contain ambiguity of settings in addition to the lack of clarity reason why only eight fields. From the classification of the Islamic sciences, one group can be classified again into the thicket human sciences, while another group can be classified into clumps social sciences and the sciences of nature (natural). Both clumps Islamic sciences (humanities and social sciences) have in common in terms of information elements and element methodology.

Entomophily in the dioecious gymnosperm Ephedra aphylla forsk. (=E. alte C.A. mey.), with some notes on Ephedra campylopoda C.A. mey. III: Further anthecological studies and relative importance of entomophily

ABSTRACT Additional anthecological studies (phenology, insect visitors, pollen rain, and stickiness of the pollen on Ephedra aphylla are reported. A peculiar mode of growth of male specimens of E. aphylla is mentioned and its biological significance is briefly discussed. Among the visitors, representatives of certain groups of flies appear to be the most important pollinators, Hymenoptera taking a second place. The pollen rain of E. aphylla is already low at a distance of 15 m from the pollen source; the bulk of the pollen produced, if not removed by insects, is shed in aggregates of 2 to 600 grains and mostly falls down almost vertically in the dense thickets. In combination with the intermingled growth of male and female plants, this leads to gravitational pollination. The stickiness of the pollen is discussed in connection with the low rate of its dispersion by air currents, and a more direct method of assessment is suggested. The overall conclusion is that entomophily in some and conceivably in all Ep...

Women’s Studies in the Thicket of Academe in the 1970s: Liz Kennedy in Buffalo

Women’s Studies in the Thicket of Academe in the 1970s: Liz Kennedy in Buffalo

<i>King Leir</i> within the Thicket: Gender, Place, and Power

Cet article analyse la pièce King Leir, donnée par la troupe des Queen’s Men, en tant qu’exercice de création d’un espace sous l’angle spécifique de son contrôle masculin ou féminin. Alors que la version shakespearienne de cette pièce fait ressortir les vertus d’espaces indéfinis (« the heath » ou « lande »), d’un lieu imaginé (la « falaise » de Gloucester) et de lieux de passages (chemins entre les maisons des soeurs), définis par les activités d’hommes (Lear, Gloucester/Edgar, Kent/Oswald, et Lear et ses chevaliers), la version antérieure, en une scène centrale, situe délibérément le roi Leir dans un espace nommé « the thicket », qui est spécifiquement délimité et utilisé par une femme, Ragan. Seule la foi protestante en un Dieu omniprésent — une foi absente de l’ancienne Bretagne du shakespearien roi Lear — permet finalement aux hommes, dans leur confusion, de prendre le contrôle de cet espace féminin et dangereux.

Clearing the Thicket of Misdiagnosed Multiple Sclerosis

Efforts to diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS) earlier, using simplified criteria, sometimes lead to misdiagnosis. To learn about how physicians handle this dilemma, investigators e-mailed surveys to 242 neurologists with an active MS practice. Most of the 122 respondents had long-standing experience in treating MS, had completed an MS fellowship, and worked at a U.S. academic MS center. Of the 95% of respondents who within the past year had evaluated …

Prospects for the biological control of <i>Lantana camara</i> (Verbenaceae) in New Zealand

Lantana camara is an environmental weed in the northern North Island of New Zealand It is an increasingly observed problem in forest margins coastal scrublands dunes plantations and island habitats and its rapid uncontrolled growth can create dense impenetrable thickets suppressing vegetation and bush regeneration Biological control options are being considered for its management A strain of the Brazilian rust Prospodium tuberculatum was released against lantana in Australia in 2001 This rust was screened against invasive forms of the weed that occur in New Zealand and was found to be pathogenic under glasshouse conditions A survey found no evidence that the rust occurs in New Zealand It is concluded that P tuberculatum is potentially a suitable agent for the biocontrol of lantana in New Zealand and further research should be carried out prior to importation of the organism

In a Fast-moving Thicket: Treating Adolescents Today

In a Fast-moving Thicket: Treating Adolescents Today

Stuck in the Thicket: Struggling with Interpretation and Application of California's Anti-Gang STEP Act

STUCK IN THE THICKET: Struggling with Interpretation and Application of California’s Anti-Gang STEP Act by Martin Baker

The Rogue of All Rogues: Nietzsche's Presentation of Eduard von Hartmann's Philosophie des Unbewussten and Hartmann's Response to Nietzsche

few mentions have appeared in the secondary literature come to us more often than not in the form of discussions of Nietzsche and psychology in general.2 Hartmann was, however, one of the first psychologists whose works Nietzsche read a great deal.3 Over time, Nietzsche came to own six large volumes of his writings, two of which remain in his private library, and many pages of which bear Nietzsche's marginal notes.4 His name and thought appear prominently in part 2 of Nietzsche's Untimely Meditations, On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life (hereafter HL), and even more so in his Nachlass and per sonal correspondence.5 Nietzsche's interest in Hartmann endured throughout his career.6 Moreover, Hartmann was himself one of the earliest commentators on Nietzsche, having already in 1891 and 1898 published articles on Nietzsche's so-called neue Moral? His significance as a psychologist and the importance of his Philosophie des Unbewussten (Philosophy of the Unconscious) to Nietzschean scholarship thus stands assured but too often unrecognized.8 This neglect, however, is not without cause: the overgrown thicket of Nietzsche's relation to Hartmann is difficult to traverse because of the exceed

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