Thiazolidine Derivatives Research Articles

Tandem synthesis of thiazolidine derivatives from primary amines, isothiocyanates, and bis(imidoyl) chlorides

A series of thiazolidine derivatives have been synthesized via tandem reaction of primary amines, isothiocyanates, and bis(imidoyl) chlorides in DMF at room temperature.

GREEN TECHNIQUES IN SYNTHESIS OF SOME THIAZOLIDINONES

A survey of synthesis of thiazolidine derivatives has revealed that the thiazolidine nucleus has fascinated the chemists, pharmacologist and the researchers because of the biological responses exhibited by these compounds. This has led to designing the synthesis of a variety of such derivatives that are of high interest from the point of view of their bioactivity. Attempts were made by the researchers to synthesize these derivatives both by conventional methods as well as greener approach. Present study on the literature survey of thiazolidine derivatives emphasizes only eco-friendly methods of producing these derivatives. Purpose of this study is to create an enthusiasm among medicinal chemists, biochemists and the researchers to design synthesis of potential bioactive agents in a greener way.

Thiazolidine derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of the PIM kinase family

The PIM family of serine/threonine kinases have become an attractive target for anti-cancer drug development, particularly for certain hematological malignancies. Here, we describe the discovery of a series of inhibitors of the PIM kinase family using a high throughput screening strategy. Through a combination of molecular modeling and optimization studies, the intrinsic potencies and molecular properties of this series of compounds was significantly improved. An excellent pan-PIM isoform inhibition profile was observed across the series, while optimized examples show good selectivity over other kinases. Two PIM-expressing leukemic cancer cell lines, MV4-11 and K562, were employed to evaluate the in vitro anti-proliferative effects of selected inhibitors. Encouraging activities were observed for many examples, with the best example (44) giving an IC50 of 0.75μM against the K562 cell line. These data provide a promising starting point for further development of this series as a new cancer therapy through PIM kinase inhibition.

In silico modelling of thiazolidine derivatives with antioxidant potency: Models quantify the degree of contribution of molecular fragments towards the free radical scavenging ability

Design and development of antioxidant supplements constitute an essential aspect of research in order to derive molecules that would help to combat the free radical invasion to the human body and curb oxidative stress related diseases. The present work deals with the development of in silico models for a series of thiazolidine derivatives having antioxidant potential. The objective of the work is to obtain models that would help to design new thazolidine derivatives based on substituent modification and thereby predict their activity profile. The QSAR model thus developed helps in quantification of the extent of contribution of the various molecular fragments towards the activity of the molecules, while the 3D pharmacophore model provides a brief idea of the essential molecular features that help the molecules to interact with the neighbouring free radicals. Both the models have been extensively validated which ensures their predictive ability as well the potential to search molecular databases for selection of thiazolidine derivatives with potent antioxidant activity. The models can thus be utilised effectively for database searching with the aim to isolate active antioxidants belonging to the thiazolidine group.

Cyclosulfenylation of 3-allylthiohydantoin

New fused derivatives – 2-(arylsulfanylmethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazol-7-onium perchlorates have been synthesized by the cyclosulfenylation reaction of 3-allylthiohydantoin in highly polar nitromethane in the presence of an equimolar amount of lithium perchlorate as “doping-additive”. Their structures have been reliably proven by spectral characteristics. In particular, annelation of the tetrahydrothiazolonium cycle is confirmed by multiplet signals of diastereotopic protons of the CH2-group in position C3 at 3.87-4.04 ppm and the CH-group in position C2 at 4.67-4.77 ppm in 1H NMR-spectra. Thethiazolonium salts obtained were converted to the corresponding free bases – 2-(arylsulfanylmethyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b] [1,3]thiazole-5(6H)-ones by the interaction with the aqueous solution of sodium acetate at the room temperature. According in their 1H NMR spectra, protons of CH-group in position 2 resonates in a stronger field (0.4-0.5 ppm) compared to the original substrates. Imidazothiazolonium perchlorates are labile to HN-nucleophiles, and under the action of the excess of the secondary amine (morpholine or piperidine) there is the disclosure of an amide bond in the imidazolidine cycle. It leads to formation of thiazolidine derivatives with arylsulfanyl fragments. Preservation of the thiazolidine nucleus in the process of opening the imidazole cycle has been confirmed by spectral characteristics of the compounds obtained.

Docking and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses of imidazole and thiazolidine derivatives as Aurora A kinase inhibitors.

Aurora A kinase is involved in the inactivation of apoptosis leading to ovarian, breast, colon, and pancreatic cancers. Inhibitors of Aurora A kinase promote aberrant mitosis resulting in arrest at a pseudo G1 state to induce mitotic catastrophe, ultimately leading to apoptosis. In this study, ligand-based and docking-based three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analyses of imidazole and thiazolidine derivatives as potential Aurora A kinase inhibitors were performed. The results provided highly reliable and predictive 3D-QSAR comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) models with a cross-validated q2 value of 0.768, non-cross-validated r2 value of 0.983, and predictive coefficient [Formula: see text] value of 0.978. CoMSIA contour maps suggested that the NH and benzyl hydroxy groups in R9, and the CO group in the thiazolidine ring and pyridine ring were important components for biological activity. The maps also suggest that the introduction of hydroxy groups at C2 of the imino-phenyl ring, C5 in the pyridine ring, or the substitution of the imino-phenyl ring for the imino-2-pyridine ring could be applied to enhance biological activity.

Crystal structures of two substituted thia-zolidine derivatives.

In the first of the compounds reported herein, namely 6'-ferrocenyl-6a'-nitro-6',6a',6b',7',9',11a'-hexa-hydro-2H-spiro-[ace-naphthyl-ene-1,11'-chromeno[3',4':3,4]pyrrolo-[1,2-c]thia-zol]-2-one, [Fe(C5H5)(C29H21N2O4S)], (I), the thia-zolidine ring adopts a twist conformation on the methine N-C atoms. In the second compound, viz. 6'-(4-methoxy-phen-yl)-6a'-nitro-6',6a',6b',7',9',11a'-hexa-hydro-2H-spiro-[ace-naphthyl-ene-1,11'-chromeno[3',4':3,4]pyrrolo-[1,2-c]thia-zol]-2-one, [Fe(C5H5)(C26H19N2O5S)], (II), the thia-zolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with a methine C atom as the flap. In both compounds, the pyrrolidine ring adopts a twist conformation on the thia-zolidine and tetra-hydro-pyran C atoms. The mean planes of the thia-zolidine and pyrrolidine rings subtend angles of 67.30 (1) and 62.95 (7)° in (I) and (II), respectively, while the mean plane of the pyrrolidine ring makes dihedral angles of 76.53 (1) and 87.74 (7)° with the ace-naphthyl-ene ring system in (I) and (II), respectively. In both compounds, an intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond forms an S(7) ring motif. In the crystal of (I), mol-ecules are linked via two different C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [001] and [100]. In (II), they are linked through C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers with an R 2 (2)(10) ring motif while C-H⋯π inter-actions link the mol-ecules in a head-to-tail fashion, forming chains along the a-axis direction.

Effects of the new thiazolidine derivative LPSF/GQ-02 on hepatic lipid metabolism pathways in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common manifestation of metabolic syndrome. One of its most important features is the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocyte cells. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) act as insulin sensitizers and are used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes and other conditions that are resistant to insulin, such as hepatic steatosis. Controversially, TZDs are also associated with the development of cardiovascular events and liver problems. For this reason, new therapeutic strategies are necessary to improve liver function in patients with chronic liver diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of LPSF/GQ-02 on the liver lipid metabolism in a murine model of NAFLD. Eighty male LDLR-/- mice were divided into 3 groups: 1–fed with a high-fat diet (HFD); 2–HFD+Pioglitazone (20mg/kg/day); 3–HFD+LPSF/GQ-02 (30mg/kg/day). The experiments lasted 12 weeks and drugs were administered daily by gavage in the final four weeks. The liver was processed for optical microscopy, Oil Red O, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. LPSF/GQ-02 effectively decreased fat accumulation, increased the hepatic levels of p-AMPK, FoxO1, ATGL, p-ACC and PPARα, and reduced the expression of LXRα, SREBP-1c and ACC. These results suggest that LPSF/GQ-02 acts directly on the hepatic lipid metabolism through the activation of the PPAR-α/AMPK/FoxO1/ATGL lipolytic pathway, and the inhibition of the AMPK/LXR/SREBP-1c/ACC/FAS lipogenic pathway.

Benzoylamido-substituted thiazoles and thiazolidines and their rhenium complexes

Cyclization reactions dominated attempts to synthesize N-alkyl- or N-dialkyl-N′-benzoylthiourea ligands having an alkyne group at the amine residue. While exclusively thiazolidine or thiazole derivatives could be isolated during reactions of benzoyl chloride, (NH4)SCN and N-methypropargylamine, an open-chain benzoylthiourea was obtained with unsubstituted propargylamin. But also the latter product isomerized under the influence of a strong base and heat to the corresponding cyclic derivatives.The resulting heterocycles, a 5-methylenthiazolidine (HL4) and a 5-methylthiazole (HL5), react with (NBu4)[ReOCl4]/PPh3 mixtures or [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] under formation of the neutral Re(III) complex [ReCl2(PPh3)2(L4)] and the cationic Re(V) compound [ReO2(PPh3)2(HL5)], respectively. The products have been isolated in crystalline form and studied spectroscopically and by X-ray diffraction.

New Route for the Synthesis of Thiazolidine 2,4dione Azepine Derivatives

A new facile ionic liquid mediated proficient method is developed for the synthesis of structurally new thiazepine and oxazepine derivatives of thiazolidine 2,4‐dione. This protocol proceeds through, one‐pot three component reaction between fused cyclic ketone, substituted aromatic aldehyde, 2‐amino phenol and 2‐amino thiobenzene at room temperature to yield structurally new derivatives.

Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Benzimidazole Derivatives

In this paper the new starting material 2-(5-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl) aniline (1) was synthesized by the condensation reaction of 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine and anthranilic acid .The new Mannich base derivatives were synthesized using formaldehyde and different secondary amines to synthesize a new set of benzimidazole derivatives(2-5). Also, the new Schiff-base derivatives (6-10) were synthesized from the reaction of compound (1) with various aromatic aldehydes and the closure-ring was done successfully using mercapto acetic acid to get the new thiazolidine derivatives(11-12).These new compounds were characterized using some physical techniques like:FT-IR Spectra and 1HNMR Spectra.

Discovery of a new selective inhibitor of A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 10 (ADAM-10) able to reduce the shedding of NKG2D ligands in Hodgkin's lymphoma cell models

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is the most common malignant lymphoma in young adults in the western world. This disease is characterized by an overexpression of ADAM-10 with increased release of NKG2D ligands, involved in an impaired immune response against tumor cells. We designed and synthesized two new ADAM-10 selective inhibitors, 2 and 3 based on previously published ADAM-17 selective inhibitor 1. The most promising compound was the thiazolidine derivative 3, with nanomolar activity for ADAM-10, high selectivity over ADAM-17 and MMPs and good efficacy in reducing the shedding of NKG2D ligands (MIC-B and ULBP3) in three different HL cell lines at non-toxic doses. Molecular modeling studies were used to drive the design and X-ray crystallography studies were carried out to explain the selectivity of 3 for ADAM-10 over MMPs.

Quantification of homocysteine and cysteine by derivatization with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography.

A simple and rapid assay using pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) as a derivatizing reagent was developed for the simultaneous determination of homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine (Cys) in human plasma. Derivatization with PLP affords UV-absorbing tetrahydrothiazine and thiazolidine derivatives of Hcy and Cys, respectively. Separation of these derivatives was achieved in 5 min using a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, followed by UV detection at 330 nm. Linearity in detector response was observed over the range of 0.25-20 μM for Hcy and 10-300 μM for Cys. The limit of quantification (LOQ) values for Hcy and Cys were 0.25 and 2.5 μM, respectively. The method was successfully applied to plasma samples donated by apparently healthy volunteers.

Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Benzimidazole Derivatives

In this paper the new starting material 2-(5-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl) aniline (1) was synthesized by the condensation reaction of 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine and anthranilic acid .The new Mannich base derivatives were synthesized using formaldehyde and different secondary amines to synthesize a new set of benzimidazole derivatives(2-5). Also, the new Schiff-base derivatives (6-10) were synthesized from the reaction of compound (1) with various aromatic aldehydes and the closure-ring was done successfully using mercapto acetic acid to get the new thiazolidine derivatives(11-12).These new compounds were characterized using some physical techniques like:FT-IR Spectra and 1HNMR Spectra.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Thiazolidine Derivatives of Cysteine for Suppressing Eumelanin Production.

In the pathway of melanin biosynthesis, cysteine (Cys) is utilized for the synthesis of pheomelanin. Accordingly, Cys is considered to suppress the formation of brown-black eumelanin. Although attempts have been made to utilize Cys and its derivatives as skin-whitening agents, their instability and odor hinders their application as a cosmetic agent. Herein, N-acetyl-2-methylthiazolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid ethyl ester (AcCP2Et) was proposed as a candidate for a stable and prolonged-release derivative of Cys to inhibit dopachrome formation after its degradation in melanocytes. It was synthesized by acetylation of 2-methylthiazolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 2-ethyl ester (CP2Et), the condensation derivative of Cys and ethyl pyruvate. AcCP2Et suppressed melanogenesis in melanocytes in vitro, was stable in phosphate buffer at 70°C for five days, and exhibited far less odor than CP2Et. Therefore, AcCP2Et was validated to be a useful deriative of Cys for application as a skin-whitening agent. AcCP2Et comprises four stereoisomers; thus characterization of each stereoisomer was required. The stereochemistry of AcCP2Et was confirmed via a single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of N-acetyl-2-methylthiazolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (AcCP) derived from AcCP2Et. In the synthesis of AcCP2Et, the acetylation of CP2Et proceeded with epimerization at C4 to give trans-isomers when excess acetyl chloride and an organic amine was used, whereas it proceeded while retaining the original (R) configuration at C4 to give the cis- and trans-isomer when an equivalent of acetyl chloride with an inorganic base was used. These results indicate that the formation of an intermolecular mixed acid anhydride is responsible for the isomerization at the C4 asymmetric center.

Оцінка антигіпоксичних ефектів похідних тіазолідину на основі аналізу варіабельності серцевого ритму експериментальних тварин

Оцінка антигіпоксичних ефектів похідних тіазолідину на основі аналізу варіабельності серцевого ритму експериментальних тварин

ChemInform Abstract: Group 2 Catalysis for the Atom‐Efficient Synthesis of Imidazolidine and Thiazolidine Derivatives.

AbstractAmong 3 alkaline earth bis(amide) precatalysts tested (M: Sr, Mg, Ca), the strontium compound is the most effective one.

ChemInform Abstract: [Et3NH][HSO4]‐Catalyzed Eco‐Friendly and Expeditious Synthesis of Thiazolidine and Oxazolidine Derivatives.

AbstractThe title compounds are obtained by one‐pot three‐component reaction of cyclic diketones (I), cyanates (II) or (V) or (VII), and ethyl chloroacetate (III) under solvent‐free, mild, and environmentally benign conditions.

Group 2 Catalysis for the Atom-Efficient Synthesis of Imidazolidine and Thiazolidine Derivatives.

A wide variety of functionalised imidazolidine-2-ones and -thiones, 2-imino-imidazolidines and thiazolidine-2-thiones have been synthesised under very mild reaction conditions by using simple and cost-effective alkaline earth bis(amide) precatalysts, [Ae{N(SiMe3 )2 }2 (THF)2 ] (Ae=Mg, Ca, Sr). The reactions ensue with 100 % atom efficiency as one-pot cascades from simple, commercially available terminal alkyne and heterocumulene reagents. The reactions take place through the initial assembly of propargylamidines, which are utilised in subsequent cyclisation reactions through addition of the isocyanate, isothiocyanate and, in one case, carbon disulfide reagents. This reactivity is deduced to take place through a well-defined sequence of heterocumulene hydroacetylenation and alkyne hydroamidation steps, which are all mediated at the alkaline earth centre. The rate and regioselectivity of the cyclisation reactions are, thus, found to be heavily dependent upon the identity of the catalytic alkaline earth centre employed. Similarly, the selectivity of the reactions was observed to be profoundly affected by stereoelectronic variations in the individual substrates, albeit by a similar Group 2-centred reaction mechanism in all cases studied.

A facile synthesis and antimicrobial activity evaluation of sydnonyl-substituted thiazolidine derivatives.

Some new sydnonyl-substituted thiazolidine derivatives were synthesized in high yields by the modified Knoevenagel condensation of 3-aryl-4-formylsydnones with thiazolidine-2,4-dione and 2-thioxo-thiazolidine-4-one, respectively. All the synthesized thiazolidine derivatives were screened by paper-disc method to identify their antimicrobial activities against three bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli, and two fungal cultures viz. Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum. The reference drugs were Norfloxacin and Griseofulvin, respectively. The screening data indicated that the tested sydnonyl-substituted thiazolidine derivatives exhibited no obvious antibacterial activity compared with the standard drug Norfloxacin. However, thiazolidine derivatives displayed significant antifungal activities against Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus niger. Notably, all of the tested compounds showed growth inhibitory activity 1.5-4.4 times higher than that of the standard drug Griseofulvin against the two fungi.