Thermoregulatory System Research Articles

ФИЗИОЛОГО-БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ КОРРЕКЦИИ УРАТНОГО ЛИТИАЗА У КУР В РАННЕМ ОНТОГЕНЕЗЕ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ НЕКОТОРЫХ АНТИОКСИДАНТОВ

At present, in a number of poultry farms, urate lithiasis (uric acid diathesis) is a frequent cause of the death of young animals, the development of which is stimulated by the stresses accompanying industrial incubation, as well as the use of low-quality eggs, which leads to abnormalities in the development of the embryo, including its excretory system, causing a delay of uric acid in the body. This phenomenon is often aggravated by acidosis and a violation of the formation and functionality of thermoregulatory systems, which entails the production of nonviable young animals. The paper considers a method for preventing these negative phenomena through the transovarial use of a composition of optimal concentrations of antioxidants – sodium thioctate and citric acid. According to the results of the studies, it was revealed that the presented composition has a positive effect on the prevention of uric acid diathesis, which was expressed in a decrease in the intensity of lipoperoxidation, against the background of an increase in AOA in experimental chickens by 25,4%. This phenomenon was reflected in the intensity of the central metabolic processes, namely carbohydrate-energy and protein metabolism, which was reflected in the optimization of thermoregulation of experimental chickens. The combination of the above phenomena resulted in the absence of cases of uric acid diathesis in experimental chickens, which was a consequence of the absence of acidosis in experimental chickens (reserve blood alkalinity was 10,8% higher in experimental chickens relative to the control), which is a central aspect in the absence of this pathology. Thus, it can be argued that the composition of BAS presented by us actively levels free radical processes, which expresses the stimulation of the optimization of central metabolic processes and leads to the production of more highly viable young animals.

Formation of local temperature regime in the room: personal ventilation system

The peculiarities of a person’s metabolism are related to the state of health, age, and other personality traits, which determines the need for a personal value of the ambient air temperature. Individualization of work and recreation of people requires the creation of local temperature zones in the room with the air temperature necessary for a particular person, which will increase labor productivity, reduce morbidity, since the stress of the human thermoregulation system will be minimal. In addition, the personalization of the microclimate in the workplace in the room with the creation of local temperature zones will allow you not to waste heat and electricity where it is not needed, creating additional opportunities for energy saving potential in the premises of the building. The article deals with the personalization of the operation of the ventilation system in the room with the formation of vertical conical air jets coming from the ceiling of the room to the workplace, considering the requirements of regulatory documents for the air velocity in the working area of the room.

Selective Laser Thermoregulation System for Accelerated Deg-radation Test of SiC/SiC CMCs

Selective Laser Thermoregulation System for Accelerated Deg-radation Test of SiC/SiC CMCs

Fundamental Concepts of Human Thermoregulation and Adaptation to Heat: A Review in the Context of Global Warming.

The international community has recognized global warming as an impending catastrophe that poses significant threat to life on earth. In response, the signatories of the Paris Agreement (2015) have committed to limit the increase in global mean temperature to <1.5 °C from pre-industry period, which is defined as 1850–1890. Considering that the protection of human life is a central focus in the Paris Agreement, the naturally endowed properties of the human body to protect itself from environmental extremes should form the core of an integrated and multifaceted solution against global warming. Scholars believe that heat and thermoregulation played important roles in the evolution of life and continue to be a central mechanism that allows humans to explore, labor and live in extreme conditions. However, the international effort against global warming has focused primarily on protecting the environment and on the reduction of greenhouse gases by changing human behavior, industrial practices and government policies, with limited consideration given to the nature and design of the human thermoregulatory system. Global warming is projected to challenge the limits of human thermoregulation, which can be enhanced by complementing innate human thermo-plasticity with the appropriate behavioral changes and technological innovations. Therefore, the primary aim of this review is to discuss the fundamental concepts and physiology of human thermoregulation as the underlying bases for human adaptation to global warming. Potential strategies to extend human tolerance against environmental heat through behavioral adaptations and technological innovations will also be discussed. An important behavioral adaptation postulated by this review is that sleep/wake cycles would gravitate towards a sub-nocturnal pattern, especially for outdoor activities, to avoid the heat in the day. Technologically, the current concept of air conditioning the space in the room would likely steer towards the concept of targeted body surface cooling. The current review was conducted using materials that were derived from PubMed search engine and the personal library of the author. The PubMed search was conducted using combinations of keywords that are related to the theme and topics in the respective sections of the review. The final set of articles selected were considered “state of the art,” based on their contributions to the strength of scientific evidence and novelty in the domain knowledge on human thermoregulation and global warming.

Human comfort modelling for elderly people by infrared thermography: Evaluating the thermoregulation system responses in an indoor environment during winter

Elderly people are vulnerable to cold environments, due to aging's impact on the density of nerve fibers. Nevertheless, automatic controls of HVAC systems do not consider the user's real-time thermal sensation and most of algorithms were tested in manikins using climatic chambers or simulated by CFD. Indeed, a standardization of a non-invasive technique as infrared thermography (IRT) for human body responses was not detected in the literature review. This paper proposes a method to determine the indoor thermal comfort of elderly people by IRT. The campaigns took place in a nursing home of the Mediterranean Climate during Winter. A total of 15 old adults were monitored to measure the skin temperature of four face points (nose, forehead, cheekbone and chin) and clothing temperature. A thermal sensation questionnaire and indoor conditions were also collected. The results demonstrated that the IRT model could estimate the thermal exchange from three body-segments (head, back-pelvis, thorax-limbs) to the surroundings by user's features and environmental parameters. The thermal neutrality was achieved when all facial points reached a skin temperature of 35 °C, the clothing temperature was equal to 31 °C, and the operative temperature and relative humidity were 23.5 °C and 54% respectively. Statistically, 31.70% of the variance of PMV could be attributed to increases of facial skin temperature, while changes in user's features could have minor influence (from 0.88 to 6.40%). As regards the main contributions of heat losses, they were given by respiration (11–21%), convection (20–32%) and radiation (35–39%). Finally, an innovative HVAC control strategy was posed.

Comparing the efficacy of prophylactic use of hydrocortisone and low dose ketamine for prevention of shivering under spinal anesthesia

Introduction: The thermoregulatory system plays an important role in coordinate the defense system against the environment in regulating the normal body temperature in homoeothermic species. Hypothermia result is an important complication-Shivering, which is a complicated response of the body resulting in a pattern of muscular activity. Aim: This study aims to compare the efficacy of I.v. hydrocortisone with I.v. low dose ketamine for prevention of shivering during spinal anesthesia. Material & Methods: A Prospective Randomized trial with a sample size of 60 where patients allocated randomly using slot into 2 groups of Group-H (n=30) who received Inj. Hydrocortisone 2mg/kg and Group K (n=30) who received Inj. Ketamine 0.25mg/kg undergoes lower abdominal surgery under spinal anesthesia with 0.5% Bupivacaine of dosage 3ml. Parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, temperature, were observed intraoperatively and postoperatively. The shivering grade, sedation score, patient requiring Inj. Pethidine as a rescue dose, motor, and sensory block was observed along with any side effects such as bradycardia, hypotension, or desaturation. Result: In this study, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the two drug groups in the grades of shivering. Clinically there were lower grades of shivering in the Hydrocortisone group when compared to the ketamine group at all timelines. Conclusion: I.v. hydrocortisone 2mg/kg compared with the low dose I.v. ketamine 0.25mg/kg was clinically effective in reducing the incidence and intensity of shivering under spinal anesthesia on prophylactic use for lower abdominal surgery.

Comparatives study of radiative heat exchanges between fire front from fireman and pine tree in warm thermal conditions

This work presents the development of a numerical design in forest fire environments. A comparison between a tree body and a human body (fireman) thermal response systems is made. The three-dimensional pine tree model is constituted by trunk, branches and leaves represented by cylindrical elements. The human body model is divided into 35 elements and considers its thermoregulation. In both systems, special attention is required with conduction, convection, evaporation and radiation. There are also considered the heat exchanges by radiation between the fire front and both bodies. A vertical fire front, with 2 m of height and 20 m of length, was considered. The air temperature, air velocity, air relative humidity and mean radiant temperature are used. Two cases were studied: a pine tree and a fireman placed nearby the fire front. The results of the flame mean radiant temperature, temperature of the bodies surfaces and view factors are obtained. The results show that the fireman is most exposed than the pine tree to the fire front. Due to the human thermoregulatory and clothing systems, the fireman has a skin surface temperature much lower than the surface temperature in the trunks, branches and leaves of the tree. The evaporation in the tree is not sufficient to control the temperature.

Involvement of brainstem noradrenergic system in cutaneous heat loss during exercise

The involvement of brainstem noradrenergic system in thermoregulation during exercise was evaluated by assessing the neuronal activation of A1, A2, locus coeruleus (LC) during exercise. Male Wistar rats weighing 280−330 g were used in the present study. Ninety minutes after exercise bout until fatigue, animals were anaesthesiated and brain removed and processed immunohistochemically for Fos protein and tyrosine hydroxylase in A1, A2 and LC and for Fos in POA subregions. Core and tail temperature were recorded during all running period by telemetry system. Heat storage rate (HSR, cal.min−1), maximum tail vasoconstriction (°C) and vasodilatation threshold (°C) were calculated and correlated with Fos expression in all nuclei studied. Fos expression in LC correlated inversely with maximum tail skin vasoconstriction (r = −0.787, p < 0.03) and HSR (r = −0.834, p < 0.02) and positively to time to fatigue (r = 0.862, p < 0.01). A1 nucleus showed an inverse correlation with tail skin vasodilatation threshold (r = −0.861, p < 0.01). Fos expression in LC correlated inversely with Fos expression in the median (MnPO, r = −0.909, p < 0.01) and medial preoptic nucleus (MPOM, r = −0.942, p < 0.05). Our results bring further evidences that noradrenergic neurons from LC and A1 nuclei are involved in cutaneous heat loss mechanisms during exercise. LC nucleus probably modulates the sympathetic tonus of tail artery and integrates the central network LC / POA that could represent an important circuitry of temperature regulation during exercise. Also, noradrenergic neurons from A1 nucleus could be involved in cutaneous heat loss during exercise by modulating of vasodilatation threshold.

Evaluation of human brain hyperthermia using exergy balance equation.

Hyperthermia is caused by disturbance in the thermoregulatory system of the human body and requires emergency treatment to prevent disability or possible mortality. To design any therapeutic device for hyperthermia, an exhaustive effort is required to establish the extremities of such thermal traumas. In this context, the authors have incorporated the human-body exergy-balance equation to compute the hyperthermia thresholds. This is a pioneer attempt to model hyperthermia states. An induced-hyperthermia technique is used to evaluate the extremities of metabolic heat generation and other dependent parameters. Moreover, a case study is also presented to calculate the parameters of prime importance i.e. exergy consumption (EC) and entropy generation rate (δSg) to provide the body's accumulative and exhaustive thermal energy maxima, respectively. Furthermore, the thresholds have been evaluated and simulated by the varying body and/or environmental conditions. The resulting states have been analysed to setup critical ranges to provide the guidelines for rehabilitation therapy. A thermal manikin has also been developed, mimicking the blood circulation in humans, to further substantiate the use of an exergy-based approach. The results indicate that the exergy-based approach is well suited to model hyperthermia at pathophysiological boundaries, contrary to existing approaches which predominantly are limited to the physiological domain.

Physical and social warmth: Warmer daily body temperature is associated with greater feelings of social connection.

Growing evidence suggests that physical warmth and social warmth-feeling socially connected to others-are linked. In particular, thermoregulatory systems that maintain a relatively warm internal body temperature may also support feelings of social connection. However, it is unknown whether and how feelings of physical and social warmth fluctuate together across time in daily life. To this end, the current study examined tympanic temperature, a measure of internal body temperature, and feelings of social connection assessed multiple times a day over 1 week. Consistent with hypotheses, moment-to-moment changes in tympanic temperature covaried with feelings of social connection across assessments. Thus, warmer body temperatures, in the nonfebrile range, were associated with greater feelings of social connection, and cooler body temperatures were associated with lower feelings of social connection. These findings provide further evidence for the link between physical and social warmth and contribute to an understanding of the dynamic fluctuation of affective experience across time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Variational finite element approach to study heat transfer in the biological tissues of premature infants.

The body temperature of newborn preterm infants depends on the heat transfer between the infant and the external environment. Factors that influence the heat exchange include the temperature and humidity of the air and the temperature of surfaces in contact with and around the infant. Neonatal thermoregulation has a different pattern as they have an immature thermoregulatory system. For this purpose, mathematical models can provide detailed insights for the heat transfer processes and its applications for clinical purposes. A new multi-compartment mathematical model of the neonatal thermoregulatory system is presented. The formulation of the model is based on the Pennes' bio-heat equation with suitable boundary and initial conditions. The variational finite element method has been employed to determine heat transfer and exchange in the biological tissues of premature infants. The results obtained in this paper have shown that premature infants are unable to maintain a constant core temperature and resemble the empirically obtained results, proving the validity and feasibility of our model. AMS (2010): SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION: 92BXX, 92CXX, 92C35, 92C50, 46N60.

Numerical investigation of thermo-physical properties of non-newtonian fliud in a modelled intestine

Several kinds of researches have been conducted on peristaltic flow of non-Newtonian fluid in modelled oesophagus, stomach and intestine. However, further investigation is still needed especially in the area of mechanical shear stress, the influence of inlet temperature and velocity, Nutsselt number and the history of strain rates experienced by fluid particles. This study presents the numerical investigation of thermo-physical properties of non-Newtonian fluid in a modelled intestine. The properties investigated were fluid temperature, velocity, Nutsselt number and wall shear stress. Numerical simulation was performed by solving 3D Navier-Stokes and continuity equations. The intestinal model was drawn by using Autodesk Inventor 2017 while the numerical investigation was conducted by using ANSYS FLUENT 16.0. The Computational Fluid Dynamics solver employs the Finite Element Method (FEM) to discretize the governing equations. Chyme, Hibiscus Sabdariffa Roselle (Sobo), Soymilk (Soya) and Pap (Ogi) were the working fluids used for the investigation. Analyses of the results showed that the variation of fluid temperature and heat transfer with axial position across the length of intestinal model were not significantly influenced by the variation of the inlet velocity. Expansion of the model about the pulsating part enhanced heat transfer and nutrient delivery to the intestinal walls. Variation of the inlet velocity did not affect the average Nutsselt number. Chyme and Sobo had the highest and lowest Nutsselt number, respectively. Sobo displayed the best fluid properties considering flow behaviour while Soya displayed the best properties for thermal history. The results presented in this study are of countless importance in medical, paramedical, engineering applications, thermoregulation system, thermotherapy, and biomedical disciplines, where analyses and investigation of gastrointestinal tract history can be understudied.

Adaptability of swine breeders in Cariri cearense by obtaining environmental parameters

The present work aimed to evaluate the adaptability of swine females of four breeds: Duroc Jersey, Landrace, Large White, Berkshire and Mestizo (Landrace, Large White, Duroc Jersey), raised in a semiarid climate, by obtaining the physiological parameters. The study was conducted at the Federal Institute of Science and Technology Education of Ceará, (IFCE), Campus Crato-CE. Eight matrices of four different breeds were used, namely: two of the Duroc breed, two of the Landrace breed, two of the Large White breed and two of mixed breeds between Landrace, Large White and Duroc, both with the same age range. Rectal and vaginal temperatures were measured in degrees Celsius (ºC) using a digital thermometer maintained in contact with the internal wall of the animal's anus and vagina. To measure the body surface temperature data, a laser thermometer was used. When assessing the quarters in isolation, it appears that the third quarter showed lower rectal temperatures for all breeds, throughout the study period. The swine matrices of the four breeds studied were shown to be adapted to the unfavorable climatic conditions to which they are submitted. Crossbred animals stood out with the best thermoregulatory system demonstrated by the averages of their physiological parameters.

A framework for finding inspiration in nature: Biomimetic energy efficient building design

Biomimicry has attracted the attention of scholars and architects because of its potential for contributing to the design of energy efficient buildings. Given the importance of energy efficient buildings in reducing global building energy consumption, the aim of this research was to investigate the practical usefulness of a framework developed for designing bio-inspired energy efficient office buildings. Biologists confirmed what became known as the thermal bio-architectural framework (ThBA) was both valid and potentially useful as a bridge between biology and architecture. Using the ThBA building designers can follow a systemic process to find relevant solutions in biology to improve the thermal performance of office buildings by reducing building energy consumption. This article investigates the impact of the ThBA in improving the thermal performance of two case study office buildings in New Zealand through looking for innovative biomimetic design. The results showed that the simplest ways of translating biological thermoregulatory strategies (BTS) have been already used by architects. In addition to recognised parallels in sustainable building design, any other translations of BTS will require an energy balance calculation to ensure the innovative thermoregulatory system is energy efficient. The ThBA also suggested innovative solutions that cannot be realised given the current state of technology but that offer opportunities for further research.

Особливостi культивування східної субтропiчної прiсноводної креветки Macrobranchium nipponense (Dе HAAN 1849) нижнього Дністра в умовах УЗВ

The data on the peculiarities of M. nipponense shrimp cultivation of the Dnister population in circulatory water use systems for growing crustaceans are presented. One of the most important areas of crustacean farming is the development of principles and the creation of artificial ecosystems for the successful cultivation of aquaculture facilities, which are a valuable source of protein food. Shrimp M. nipponense is a group of aquatic organisms, its production technology in artificial conditions is currently being developed. For the conditions of Ukraine, we can identify four possible areas of shrimp M. nipponense: 1) in the natural conditions of the Dnister river basin; 2) in the ponds of the southern regions of Ukraine in natural climatic conditions (summer period); 3) in the ponds, cages and pools on the warm waters of energy facilities in the summer; 4) in installations with circulatory water use — all year round. At the same time, the four listed options are related to the use of circulatory water use systems for keeping producers in winter, spawning, incubation and rearing of young. Therefore, the study of fishery and biological features, the development of basic biotechnical principles and the creation of technology for reproduction of shrimp M. nipponense in artificial conditions using circulating plants is relevant. For research on M. nipponense we used fishery and biological methods: hydrochemical, biotechnical. Three circulation systems with aquariums with a volume of 0.3–05 m3 with an independent system of thermoregulation, mechanical and biological water purification were used directly for the experiments. Growing shrimp M. nipponense in circulatory water use systems includes two main stages: 1) obtaining planting material; 2) commercial cultivation. Optimization of abiotic factors of shrimp habitat in closed systems allows to reduce by 4–5 times the time of their cultivation, maturation of producers and the formation of uterine herds, which allows year-round to obtain viable young and large planting material to launch M. nipponense in artificial and natural reservoirs.

Core Temperature And Blood Lactate Kinetics After Graded Exercise Testing In The Heat

Utility of a verification trial to confirm maximal oxygen intake (VO2max) in the heat is unclear and initial studies are needed to explore recovery duration between the initial graded exercise test (GXT) and the verification trial to ensure verification trial fidelity. PURPOSE: To compare the recovery kinetics of gastrointestinal temperature (Tgi) and blood lactate (BLa) after a GXT in the heat between trained and untrained cyclists. METHODS: Trained (n=10; age: 22.6±2.2 y; body fat: 15.4±5.8%) and untrained (n=11; age: 23.4±2.9 y, body fat: 21.1±5.8%) male cyclists volunteered. Tgi, BLa (finger prick), expired gases, and power output (watts; W) were continuously measured during the GXT in a heated chamber (39°C, 31%RH). After the GXT, subjects exited the chamber and rested in a temperate room (22°C, 40%RH) until Tgi returned to pre-GXT values (defined as “recovery”) at which point BLa was re-assessed. Separate independent t-tests assessed differences in W, VO2max, and recovery duration between groups. Separate 2 by 3 (training status [trained vs. untrained] time [pre-GXT, post-GXT, recovery]) repeated measures ANOVAs evaluated changes in Tgi and BLa with Tukey post hoc tests (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: As expected, the trained cyclists GXT was longer (709±81 vs. 610±98 s; p=0.02) and achieved greater peak power output (278±32 vs. 238±32 W; p=0.009) and VO2max (57.2±7.7 vs. 40.5±5.5 mL/kg/min; p<0.001) than untrained. Recovery time was longer for trained subjects (50±5.4 vs. 43.5±10.2 min; p=0.10) but this difference did not reach significance. Pre-GXT and recovery Tgi was higher in untrained (37.5±0.3 and 37.4±0.2°C) versus trained (37.1±0.2 and 37.2±0.2°C; p<0.01) with both groups achieving similar post-GXT values (untrained: 37.8±0.2; trained: 37.7±0.2°C; p=0.37). BLa at recovery (trained: 6.2±0.7; untrained 7.0±2.4 mmol/L) was lower than Post-GXT (trained: 12.8±1.9; untrained 13.3±2.9 mmol/L) but remained higher than Pre-GXT (trained: 2.3±0.3; untrained 3.3±1.5 mmol/L) in both groups (p<0.001) with no group main effects (p≥0.08). CONCLUSIONS: The thermoregulatory system managed the GXT-induced thermal load faster than the metabolic system cleared BLa. If verification trials in the heat are employed, extended recovery durations appear necessary regardless of training status.

Effectiveness of Dexamethasone for Prevention of Intraoperative Shivering in Caesarean Delivery Under Subarachnoid Block

Introduction: Shivering is frequently seen after subarachnoid block. Subarachnoid block impairs the thermoregulation system by inhibiting tonic vasoconstriction with redistribution of blood flow and core heat from the trunk to the peripheral tissue. Intraoperative shivering leads to increase in oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. This causes an increase in heart rate, blood pressure resulting in exacerbation of ischemic heart disease, increased risk of hypoxemia, intraocular pressure, intracranial pressure, metabolic rate, lactic acidosis, pain at the surgical site and discomfort to the patient.&#x0D; Objective: To assess the effectiveness of Dexamethasone in preventing intraoperative shivering in patients of cesarean delivery under subarachnoid block.&#x0D; Methodology: This was a hospital based prospective, comparative, cross sectional study which was conducted from February 2019 to July 2019 among 88 pregnant patients of age group 18 to 35 years old, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1 and 2, posted for elective or emergency caesarean delivery at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital (BMCTH). Operation room temperature was recorded by a wall thermometer and maintained during surgery between 20 to 25 degree Celsius and intravenous fluids were kept at this temperature. Patients were divided into two equal groups. Group S (study group) patients received 2 ml or 8mg of dexamethasone IV (As a premedication before giving subarachnoid block) while group C (control group) patients received 2 ml of normal saline. If the patients shivered according to classification of shivering, the prophylaxis was regarded as ineffective.&#x0D; Results: Patients undergoing caesarean delivery under subarachnoid block had significantly reduced (p value = 0.002) intraopera tive shivering who received prophylactic dexamethasone (group S).&#x0D; Conclusion: The prophylactic use of 8mg i.v dexamethasone was significant in prevention of shivering in Nepalese population who underwent caesarean delivery under subarachnoid block.

An integrated model of the thermoregulatory and respiratory systems of the human body

This work aims to develop a mathematical model for computing the distribution of temperature, O2, and CO2 in the human body, depending on the ambient conditions. The body is divided into segments, including layers of tissues and blood compartments, where mass and energy balances are applied. The inclusion of O2 and CO2 transfer mechanisms throughout all segments and tissues of the human body is one of the great novelties of this work. It also includes the exothermic metabolic reactions in the tissues, the transportation of O2 and CO2 by the blood, and the energy exchanged with the environment through the skin and by ventilation. The model also includes the regulation of metabolism, circulation, ventilation, and sweating, depending on the body temperature and the concentrations of O2 and CO2 in the blood. The lungs are represented by alveolar and blood compartments, with diffusion between them. Comparisons with experimental data from the existing literature show that the proposed model is suitable for representing transient exposure to cold and warm ambient temperatures, low concentration of O2, and high concentrations of CO2. In the end, some results demonstrate the effect of ambient temperature on the distribution of temperature, O2, and CO2 across segments, blood, and tissues. Shivering in a cold environment reduces the concentration of O2 and increases the concentration of CO2 in the muscles, which results in increased ventilation and blood circulation. The concentration of gases in the skin depends mainly on variations in the skin's circulation with the environment, which alters the availability of O2 and the elimination of CO2. Small variations were found in the concentrations of O2 and CO2 in the brain and lungs.

Mathematical support of energy efficiency and comfortable conditions in higher education institutions of Ukraine

ENERGY AND AUTOMATION OPEN JOURNAL SYSTEMS LANGUAGE Select Language English FONT SIZE ABOUT THE AUTHORS N. G. Batechko National University of Life and Environmental sciences of Ukraine O. V. Shelimanova National University of Life and Environmental sciences of Ukraine S.V. Shostak National University of Life and Environmental sciences of Ukraine ARTICLE TOOLS Print this article Indexing metadata How to cite item Finding References Email this article Email the author Journal Help USER You are logged in as... sinyavsky2008 My Journals My Profile Log Out INFORMATION For Readers For Authors For Librarians NOTIFICATIONS View (735 new) Manage Example of bibliographic description The list of journals included in scientometric databases: - Scopus (Uкraine, Belarus, Poland, Russia); - Іndex Copernicus; - Web of Sciense (humanities, natural sciences, social sciences); - РІНЦ. Search algorithm and calculation scientometric indicator: - Scopus; - Publish or Perish; - Google Scholar; - SNIP-іndex journal. SOCIAL NETWORKS HOME ABOUT USER HOME SEARCH CURRENT ARCHIVES STATISTICS REMINDER FOR AUTHORS Home &gt; No 3 (2020) &gt; Batechko MATHEMATICAL SUPPORT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND COMFORTABLE CONDITIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE N. G. Batechko, O. V. Shelimanova, S.V. Shostak ABSTRACT The relevance of increasing the energy efficiency in buildings of domestic higher educational institutions is determined not only by the need to save energy resources, but also by the fact that such “green campuses” can become the basis for the formation of an ecological and energy efficient lifestyle for today's youth. An integrated approach to the selection of energy-saving measures in a building requires the models of thermal comfort which take into account the intensity of human activity, the type of clothing, the speed of air movement in the room, relative humidity and the like. The purpose of this study is to improve the efficiency of the energy system of campus buildings by taking into account the interaction of energy sources, the heating system, the thermal properties of the enclosing structures and the standardized parameters of the indoor microclimate. Along with an integrated approach to the problem under study, taking into account the necessary comprehensive analysis of energy-saving measures in the system "heat source - enclosing structures - external parameters", attention should be paid to the indoor climate and the problem of meeting human needs for thermal comfort. With the help of a miniature temperature datalogger RC-1B, a round-the-clock monitoring of temperatures was carried out in some rooms of the educational building No. 8 of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine during the heating season. The analysis of the experimental data shows that despite the improvement of the thermal accumulative properties of the outer fencing of the building after the implementation of thermal modernization work, the temperatures in the room do not always correspond to the norm. Thus, when implementing energy-saving measures, it is impossible to violate the conditions of comfort in rooms in which thermal equilibrium is maintained in the human body and there is no tension in its thermoregulation system.

Comparison of Pethidine and Dexmedetomidine for the Control of Intraoperative Shivering Under Spinal Anesthesia

Background: Spinal anesthesia significantly impairs the thermoregulation system by inhibiting tonic vasoconstriction, which plays a significant role in temperature regulation. Various non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods are available for the control of shivering during anesthesia. The present study was done with an aim to compare the two drugs Pethidine and Dexmedetomidine for the control of intraoperative shivering under spinal anesthesia.Subjects and Methods:A prospective randomized study was carried out in the Department of Anaesthesiology, on 100 patients who developed intra-operative shivering following spinal anesthesia for numerous surgical procedures. When patients developed shivering of higher than mentioned grades, they were randomly assigned to one of the 2 study groups: Group D- Dexmedetomidine group receiving single intravenous bolus dose of 0.5mcg/kg over 5 min. Group P: Pethidine group patients receiving 0.5mg/kg Pethidine IV over 5 min. Patients were intently monitored for the failure of the drug, Recurrence of shivering and side effects like nausea, vomiting, bradycardia (&lt; 50/min), hypotension (&gt;20% of baseline), giddiness and sedation score were recorded.Results:We found the Pethidine group had 62.5% and Dexmedetomidine had 67.5% of grade 3 shivering. The grades of shivering were comparable between the two groups with no statistical difference. We found the dexmedetomidine group had a significant reduction in time required to control shivering and vanishing of shivering after drug.Conclusion:Both dexmedetomidine (0.5mcg/kg) and Pethidine (0.5mg/kg) are effective in treating patients with post-spinal anesthesia shivering but the time taken for control of shivering was shorter with Dexmedetomidine as compared to Pethidine.