Thermoplastic Starch Research Articles

Effect of silicon dioxide reinforcements on hydration properties of potato starch biopolymers

Starch is one of the most extensively researched raw materials for the production of biopolymers. A major drawback of biopolymers synthesized from thermoplastic starch is their poor water resistance. To overcome these limitations, various reinforcement fillers like nanoclay, silicon dioxide, and titanium dioxide are used. The current work employs the use of silicon dioxide (SiO2) as reinforcement fillers for potato starch. The addition of SiO2 was found to considerably improve the hydration properties (Tp) of the biopolymer films. The water solubility, moisture content, water vapour transmission rate, and static water contact angle of the films were found to be significantly decreased with increasing concentration of SiO2.

Fabricating Strong and Stiff Bioplastics from Whole Spirulina Cells

AbstractSince the 1950s, 8.3 billion tonnes (Bt) of virgin plastics have been produced, of which around 5 Bt have accumulated as waste in oceans and other natural environments, posing severe threats to entire ecosystems. The need for sustainable bio‐based alternatives to traditional petroleum‐derived plastics is evident. Bioplastics produced from unprocessed biological materials have thus far suffered from heterogeneous and non‐cohesive morphologies, which lead to weak mechanical properties and lack of processability, hindering their industrial integration. Here, a fast, simple, and scalable process is presented to transform raw microalgae into a self‐bonded, recyclable, and backyard‐compostable bioplastic with attractive mechanical properties surpassing those of other biobased plastics such as thermoplastic starch. Upon hot‐pressing, the abundant and photosynthetic algae spirulina forms cohesive bioplastics with flexural modulus and strength in the range 3–5 GPa and 25.5–57 MPa, respectively, depending on pre‐processing conditions and the addition of nanofillers. The machinability of these bioplastics, along with self‐extinguishing properties, make them promising candidates for consumer plastics. Mechanical recycling and fast biodegradation in soil are demonstrated as end‐of‐life options. Finally, the environmental impacts are discussed in terms of global warming potential, highlighting the benefits of using a carbon‐negative feedstock such as spirulina to fabricate plastics.

The role of natural hybrid nanobentonite/nanocellulose in enhancing the water resistance properties of the biodegradable thermoplastic starch

Abstract This study focuses on investigating the effect of hybrid nanofillers on the hydration characteristics and soil biodegradability of the thermoplastic corn starch (TPCS) hybrid nanofiller biocomposite (TPCS-HB) films. The data were benchmarked with that of the pure TPCS and TPCS single nanofiller biocomposite (TPCS-SB) as control films. The water absorption properties of TPCS, TPCS-SB, and TPCS-HB films were analyzed and fitted with the standard Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer equation to study the water activity of the films. Besides, the water permeability test, water vapor permeability, and soil biodegradability of the films were also studied and correlated with the films’ surface morphology. The results indicated that the TPCS-HB films possess excellent hydration resistance and comparable biodegradable rate with the TPCS-SB films. The optimal water resistance properties were achieved when the optimal ratio of nanobentonite/nanocellulose (4:1) was incorporated into the TPCS matrix. The outcomes of this study provide an innovative idea and new insights that, by using natural and hybrid nanofillers, the hydrophobicity of the TPCS films could be enhanced. TPCS-HB films show great potential to be developed into a fully green biodegradable TPCS biocomposite film, especially for single-use plastic applications.

Biobased ternary films of thermoplastic starch, bacterial nanocellulose and gallic acid for active food packaging

The use of active packaging technologies and biopolymeric materials are among the emerging trends for implementation of sustainability in the food packaging industry. Thus, herein, bioactive transparent nanocomposite films of thermoplastic starch (TPS) reinforced with bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) (1%, 5% and 10% w/w, relative to starch) and enriched with gallic acid (GA) (1 and 1.5% w/w, relative to starch) were prepared by the solvent casting method. The addition of BNC (≥5% w/w) and GA (1 and 1.5% w/w) enhanced both the mechanical properties (Young's Modulus: 1.2–2.0 GPa vs. 1.0 GPa for TPS; tensile strength: 23–39 MPa vs. 20 MPa for TPS) and the water resistance (moisture absorption and solubility in water) of the nanocomposites. All films are thermally stable up to 125 °C. It was also found that the addition of GA imparted the hydrocolloid TPS-BNC nanocomposites with UV-blocking properties and antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging activity above 80%). In addition, the film with 10% w/w of BNC nanofibers and 1% w/w of GA had good oxygen barrier properties with a coefficient of permeability of 0.91 ± 0.12 cm3 μm m−2 d−1 kPa−1 and antibacterial activity against the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (reduction of about 4.5 log10 colony forming units (CFU) mL−1 after 48 h). This is the first time that antibacterial activity is reported for TPS-BNC nanocomposites. The film with 10% w/w of BNC nanofibers and 1% w/w of GA was further demonstrated to have the ability of delaying the browning and weight loss of packaged fresh cut apple stored at +4 °C for 7 days. All these outcomes are of great relevance for the packaging sector, thus attesting the potential of the developed TPS-BNC-GA nanocomposites as sustainable and eco-friendly film materials for active food packaging.

Thermogravimetric, Morphological and Infrared Analysis of Blends Involving Thermoplastic Starch and Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) and Its Ionomer Form.

This study focuses on the thermal properties and structural features of blends consisting of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) copolymer (EMAA) or its ionomer form (EMAA-54Na). The aim is to investigate how carboxylate functional groups of the ionomer form intervene in blends compatibility at the interface of the two materials and how this impacts their properties. Two series of blends (TPS/EMAA and TPS/EMAA-54Na) were produced with an internal mixer, with TPS compositions between 5 and 90 wt%. Thermogravimetry shows two main weight losses, indicating that TPS and the two copolymers are primarily immiscible. However, a small weight loss existing at intermediate degradation temperature between those of the two pristine components reveals specific interactions at the interface. At a mesoscale level, scanning electron microscopy confirmed thermogravimetry results and showed a two-phase domain morphology, with a phase inversion at around 80 wt% TPS, but also revealed a different surface appearance evolution between the two series. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis also revealed discrepancies in fingerprint between the two series of blends, analysed in terms of additional interactions in TPS/EMAA-54Na coming from the supplementary sodium neutralized carboxylate functions of the ionomer.

An experimental study on the microstructural, tensile, and fracture properties of biodegradable polylactic acid blended with thermoplastic corn starch filled with halloysite nanotubes

In this study, the tensile and fracture behavior of polylactic acid (PLA)/ thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) filled with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) was investigated. Adding TPS noticeably decreased the tensile strength and modulus, but increased the elongation at break. Adding TPS to 60 wt% reduced the tensile strength and modulus by 61% and 92%, respectively, but increased the elongation at break by 77%. Adding HNTs in PLA/ TPS improved the tensile modulus, but diminished the elongation at break and tensile strength. Analysis of the fracture behavior was performed by the essential work of fracture (EWF) method. The results revealed that adding 20 wt% of TPS to PLA increased EWF and non-EWF by 298% and 109%, respectively. According to the desirability function, the best strength, stiffness, and toughness balance were obtained for the sample containing 20 wt% of TPS and 1 wt% of HNTs.

Polymer-Matrix Composites: Characterising the Impact of Environmental Factors on Their Lifetime.

Polymer-matrix composites are widely used in engineering applications. Yet, environmental factors impact their macroscale fatigue and creep performances significantly, owing to several mechanisms acting at the microstructure level. Herein, we analyse the effects of water uptake that are responsible for swelling and, over time and in enough quantity, for hydrolysis. Seawater, due to a combination of high salinity and pressures, low temperature and biotic media present, also contributes to the acceleration of fatigue and creep damage. Similarly, other liquid corrosive agents penetrate into cracks induced by cyclic loading and cause dissolution of the resin and breakage of interfacial bonds. UV radiation either increases the crosslinking density or scissions chains, embrittling the surface layer of a given matrix. Temperature cycles close to the glass transition damage the fibre-matrix interface, promoting microcracking and hindering fatigue and creep performance. The microbial and enzymatic degradation of biopolymers is also studied, with the former responsible for metabolising specific matrices and changing their microstructure and/or chemical composition. The impact of these environmental factors is detailed for epoxy, vinyl ester and polyester (thermoset); polypropylene, polyamide and poly etheretherketone (thermoplastic); and for poly lactic acid, thermoplastic starch and polyhydroxyalkanoates (biopolymers). Overall, the environmental factors mentioned hamper the fatigue and creep performances, altering the mechanical properties of the composite or causing stress concentrations through microcracks, promoting earlier failure. Future studies should focus on other matrices beyond epoxy as well as on the development of standardised testing methods.

Effect of oxidized, maleate and dual chemical modification through extrusion on thermoplastic starch properties

Effect of oxidized, maleate and dual chemical modification through extrusion on thermoplastic starch properties

Property improvement of a thermoplastic starch/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blown film by the addition of sodium nitrite

Recently, global awareness of the adverse environmental impacts of single-use plastics has risen due to their nonbiodegradability and likelihood of ending up in the ocean. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is an alternative material employed for manufacturing single-use products because of its high biodegradability, nontoxicity, and low cost. However, TPS is moisture sensitive and has poor mechanical properties and processability. Blending TPS with biodegradable polyesters, including poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), can expand its practical applications. This research aims to improve the performance of TPS/PBAT blends by adding sodium nitrite, a food additive, and considering its effect on the morphological characteristics and properties of TPS/PBAT blends. TPS/PBAT/sodium nitrite (TPS/PBAT/N) blends with a TPS:PBAT weight ratio of 40:60 and sodium nitrite concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt% were prepared by extrusion and then blown into films. The acids generated from the sodium nitrite during extrusion led to the molecular weight reduction of starch and PBAT polymers, causing the increased melt flow ability of the TPS/PBAT/N blends. The incorporation of sodium nitrite improved the blends' homogeneity and the compatibility between the TPS and PBAT phases, resulting in the increased tensile strength, extensibility, impact strength, and oxygen barrier properties of the TPS/PBAT blend film.

FDM 3D Printing and Soil-Burial-Degradation Behaviors of Residue of Astragalus Particles/Thermoplastic Starch/Poly(lactic acid) Biocomposites.

Astragalus residue powder (ARP)/thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were prepared by fused-deposition modeling (FDM) 3D-printing technology for the first time in this paper, and certain physico-mechanical properties and soil-burial-biodegradation behaviors of the biocomposites were investigated. The results showed that after raising the dosage of ARP, the tensile and flexural strengths, the elongation at break and the thermal stability of the sample decreased, while the tensile and flexural moduli increased; after raising the dosage of TPS, the tensile and flexural strengths, the elongation at break and the thermal stability all decreased. Among all of the samples, sample C-which was composed of 11 wt.% ARP, 10 wt.% TPS and 79 wt.% PLA-was the cheapest and also the most easily degraded in water. The soil-degradation-behavior analysis of sample C showed that, after being buried in soil, the surfaces of the samples became grey at first, then darkened, after which the smooth surfaces became rough and certain components were found to detach from the samples. After soil burial for 180 days, there was weight loss of 21.40%, and the flexural strength and modulus, as well as the storage modulus, reduced from 82.1 MPa, 11,922.16 MPa and 2395.3 MPa to 47.6 MPa, 6653.92 MPa and 1476.5 MPa, respectively. Soil burial had little effect on the glass transition, cold crystallization or melting temperatures, while it reduced the crystallinity of the samples. It is concluded that the FDM 3D-printed ARP/TPS/PLA biocomposites are easy to degrade in soil conditions. This study developed a new kind of thoroughly degradable biocomposite for FDM 3D printing.

The synergistic effects of lignin and cellulose nanofibers on the properties of starch/zein blends

The study aimed to develop cornmeal-based thermoplastic composites by using corn starch and zein (the two major components of cornmeal) as the matrix and lignin as the compatibilizer, while cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) served as the reinforcement. The research examined the individual effects of lignin and CNFs on the mechanical properties of the composites. Two parts of lignin decreased the domain size of the blend and increased the strength and modulus by 31% and 44%, respectively. Six parts of CNFs led to a 137% and 399% increase in strength and modulus, respectively. The addition of two parts of powder lignin and six parts of CNFs resulted in the largest increases in strength (236%) and modulus (510%), suggesting a strong synergy between lignin and CNFs in reinforcing the corn-based thermoplastic. This study differentiates itself from previous research on thermoplastic starch composites by using a starch/zein blend as the matrix instead of pure starch. It demonstrates a novel method for producing cornmeal-based thermoplastics with significantly enhanced mechanical properties by separately controlling the contents of lignin and CNFs and optimizing the formulations to achieve desired composite properties. Furthermore, the research revealed the strong compatibilizing effect of lignin on the starch/zein blend. The results obtained in this research could facilitate the direct use of low-cost cornmeal as a feedstock for producing sustainable materials which could find application in the packaging and household plastic industries, among others.

Monitoring food quality ‐ effect of curcumin in the development of polyethylene/thermoplastic starch based smart packaging

AbstractSmart packaging relies on the one‐to‐one interaction of food with its packaging or its environment to monitor food quality and safety. Colorimetric pH indicators (synthetic, natural) working in a smart food packaging system are particularly striking when used with fresh foodstuffs such as fish and meat that perish quickly and require real‐time freshness monitoring. In this study, curcumin (Cur) was used as a natural pH indicator to produce sustainable smart packaging material. Towards this objective, low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) blend‐based films containing Cur were prepared using a twin screw extrusion and hot‐pressing processes. Besides, two different compositions of LDPE/TPS mixture (50/50 and 70/30) were used as the matrix. Thermal, mechanical, morphological properties, an affinity for water, and color change properties of LDPE/TPS/Cur films were investigated. They showed a significant color change from yellow to brown at pH: 10 at the end of the seventh day, especially in the 50 LDPE/50 TPS mixture. 50 LDPE/50 TPS mixture with 7% curcumin content gave the highest tensile strength of 8.03 Mpa. When the same mixture was used to monitor chicken meat spoilage at 25°C, meat samples have shown color changes from light yellow to light brown due to the increased content of total volatile basic amines. As a result, it has been suggested that 50 LDPE/50 TPS mixture containing 7% Cur can be used as a smart packaging material.

Effect of Crystallization Temperature on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Solution Cast Polybutylene adipate co-terephthalate/Thermoplastic Starch Films

Starch-based biodegradable films of polybutylene adipate co-terephthalate (PBAT) have been prepared by the solution casting method. The effect of heating at two different temperatures (80 and 110°C) on the mechanical, optical and morphological properties of these films has been evaluated. The two temperatures were selected based on the crystallization and melting temperatures of PBAT. The blend of PBAT with thermoplastic starch has been prepared by melt mixing technique using two roll mills and then the solution casting method has been followed to prepare the films. Apart from curing at room temperature, the films have been cured at 80°C and 110°C. The tensile strength of the films increased by 110% and 252% for films heated to 80°C and 110°C, respectively. As revealed from spectroscopic analysis, the heating of films has no significant effect on the absorption of light by the films in the UV-visible region. The bonding characteristics of the films have been evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The lowest water absorption and vapour permeability have been obtained in films cured at 80°C.

Properties of Starch‐Based Nanocomposites with Starch‐Coated ZnONP Obtained by Flat‐Die Extrusion

AbstractFast‐growing environmental concern has made nanotechnology surge as an enhancer of eco‐friendly materials. In this research, biodegradable and active nanocomposites are developed from thermoplastic starch films with the incorporation of different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles eco‐friendly synthesized with starch (ZnONP) (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 wt.%) by flat‐die extrusion. ZnONP at 2 and 5 wt.% enhances Young's modulus (E), strain at break (εb), and tensile toughness (T), and decreases the water solubility (WS) and moisture content (MC), also inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli. Additionally, with 5 wt.% of nanofiller, a hydrophobic material with UV‐A and UV‐B shielding is also achieved. Furthermore, all films are fully biodegraded in vegetal compost at around 4 weeks. The results show that ZnONP can be a very promising alternative as a reinforcing and active agent for preparing new starch‐based nanocomposites for the food packaging and coating industry.

PLA/modified-starch blends and their application for the fabrication of non-woven fabrics by melt-blowing

Blends of polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic starch (TS) with and without chemical modification were obtained by melt extrusion and used to obtain non-woven fabrics by melt-blowing for the first time. Different TS were obtained by reactive extrusion from native cassava, oxidized, maleated, and dual modified (oxidized and maleated) starch. The chemical modification of starch decreases the difference in viscosity and favors blending, resulting in more homogeneous morphologies, unlike the blends with unmodified TS, which displayed a visible phase separation with large TS droplets. The dual modified starch showed a synergistic effect to process TS by melt-blowing. Regarding non-woven fabrics, values in diameter (2.5–82.1 μm), thickness (0.4–0.6 mm), and grammage (49.9–103.8 g/m2) were explained due to differences in viscosity of the components, and to the fact that during melt the hot air preferentially stretches and thins the areas without large droplets of TS. Moreover, plasticized starch acts as a flow modifier. The porosity of the fibers increased with the addition of TS. Further studies and optimization of blends with low contents of TS and type starch modification will be necessary to completely understand these systems with very complex behavior to obtain non-woven fabrics with improved properties and application.

Molecular insight into toughening induced by core-shell structure formation in starch-blended bioplastic composites

Binary and ternary blends with poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), and thermoplastic starch (TPS) were prepared by a melt process to produce biodegradable biomass plastics with both economical and good mechanical properties. The mechanical and structural properties of each blend were evaluated. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were also conducted to examine the mechanisms underlying the mechanical and structural properties. PLA/PBS/TPS blends showed improved mechanical properties compared with PLA/TPS blends. The PLA/PBS/TPS blends with a TPS ratio of 25–40 wt% showed higher impact strength than PLA/PBS blends. Morphology observations showed that in the PLA/PBS/TPS blends, a structure similar to that of core-shell particles with TPS as the embedding phase and PBS as the coating phase was formed, and that the trends in morphology and impact strength changes were consistent. The MD simulations suggested that PBS and TPS tightly adhered to each other in a stable structure at a specific intermolecular distance. From these results, it is clear that PLA/PBS/TPS blends are toughened by the formation of a core-shell structure in which the TPS core and the PBS shell adhered well together and stress concentration and energy absorption occurred in the vicinity of the core-shell structure.

Thermoplastic starch/bentonite clay nanocomposite reinforced with vitamin B2: Physicochemical characteristics and release behavior

This study presents the development and characterization of a nanocomposite material, consisting of thermoplastic starch (TPS) reinforced with bentonite clay (BC) and encapsulated with vitamin B2 (VB). The research is motivated by the potential of TPS as a renewable and biodegradable substitute for petroleum-based materials in the biopolymer industry. The effects of VB on the physicochemical properties of TPS/BC films, including mechanical and thermal properties, water uptake, and weight loss in water, were investigated. In addition, the surface morphology and chemical composition of the TPS samples were analyzed using high-resolution SEM microscopy and EDS, providing insight into the structure-property relationship of the nanocomposites. The results showed that the addition of VB significantly increased the tensile strength and Young's modulus of TPS/BC films, with the highest values observed for nanocomposites containing 5 php of VB and 3 php of BC. Furthermore, the release of VB was controlled by the BC content, with higher BC content leading to lower VB release. These findings demonstrate the potential of TPS/BC/VB nanocomposites as environmentally friendly materials with improved mechanical properties and controlled release of VB, which can have significant applications in the biopolymer industry.

Preparation, compatibility and barrier properties of attapulgite/poly (lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch composites

In this study, AT (attapulgite)/PLA/TPS biocomposites and films were prepared by melt blending technique using PLA and TPS as matrix, polyethylene glycol (PEG) as plasticizing modifier of PLA and AT clay as additive. The effect of AT content on the performance of AT/PLA/TPS composites was investigated. The results showed that, as the AT concentration increased, the fracture surface of the composite showed a bicontinuous phase structure when the AT content was 3 wt%. The rheological properties showed that the addition of AT resulted in more significant deformation of the minor phase, which reduced the phase size and led to lower complex viscosity, and more processability from the industrial perspective. The mechanical properties showed that the addition of AT nanoparticles could simultaneously improve the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites, reaching a maximum at 3 wt% load. The water vapor barrier performance results showed that AT significantly improved the WVP of the film, and the moisture resistance performance was increased by 254 % compared with the PLA/TPS composite film within 5 h. In conclusion, the obtained AT/PLA/TPS biocomposites showed potential in packaging engineering and injection molding products, especially when renewability and full biodegradability of the material are required.

Plasticisers for edible packaging made of thermoplastic sago starch

Potential use of thermoplastic starch as better alternative material for single use packaging is of interest. Sago starch which is prevalent in South East Asia is the material of choice. Brittle nature of thermoplastic starch as it is can be overcome by using plasticisers. Aiming to produce edible thermoplastic sago starch, this study examined the use of glycerol, sorbitol, fructose, and their combinations as the plasticiser. Plasticiser addition of 25 wt% and 40 wt% in the thermoplastic sago starch is also a variable. The thermoplastic starches were tested in terms of strength, elongation at break, and solubility. The tests were done on week 1 and week 5 after fabrication. It was found that sorbitol, fructose, and sorbitol-fructose combination at 25 wt% did not function as plasticiser for the thermoplastic sago starch. Glycerol addition at 25 wt% resulted in 0.89 MPa strength and 10.4 % elongation at break. At this low content, combining glycerol with sorbitol or fructose lowers the mechanical properties. At 40 wt%, glycerol showed lower strength and higher elongation compared to its low content counterpart. When combined with sorbitol or fructose, the mixtures showed higher strength but lower elongation. The highest strength was shown by thermoplastic sago starch with 40 wt% sorbitol at 1.41 MPa although the elongation was among the lowest. After 5 weeks of storage time, only thermoplastic starch with 40 wt% glycerol and glycerol combinations is ductile enough to be tensile tested. The strength and elongation is lower than the result from week 1. Solubility increases at high plasticiser content. After 5 weeks of storage time, the thermoplastic sago starch showed lower solubility.

Part B: Improvement of the Optical Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Bio-Composite Films by Ex Situ Incorporation of Green Silver Nanoparticles from Chaetomorpha linum.

The study was used in the context of realigning novel low-cost materials for their better and improved optical properties. Emphasis was placed on the bio-nanocomposite approach for producing cellulose/starch/silver nanoparticle films. These polymeric films were produced using the solution casting technique followed by the thermal evaporation process. The structural model of the bio-composite films (CS:CL-CNC7:3-50%) was developed from our previous study. Subsequently, in order to improve the optical properties of bio-composite films, bio-nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) ex situ at various concentrations (5-50% w/w). Characterization was conducted using UV-Visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to understand the structure-property relationships. The FTIR analysis indicated a reduction in the number of waves associated with the OH functional groups by adding AgNPs due to the formation of new hydrogen bonds between the bio-composite matrix and the CL-WE-AgNPs. Based on mathematical equations, the optical bandgap energy, the energy of Urbach, the edge of absorption (Ed), and the carbon clusters (N) were estimated for CS:CL-CNC and CS:CL-CNC-AgNPs (5-50%) nanocomposite films. Furthermore, the optical bandgap values were shifted to the lower photon energy from 3.12 to 2.58 eV by increasing the AgNPs content, which indicates the semi-conductor effect on the composite system. The decrease in Urbach's energy is the result of a decrease in the disorder of the biopolymer matrix and/or attributed to an increase in crystalline size. In addition, the cluster carbon number increased from 121.56 to 177.75, respectively, from bio-composite to bio-nanocomposite with 50% AgNPs. This is due to the presence of a strong H-binding interaction between the bio-composite matrix and the AgNPs molecules. The results revealed that the incorporation of 20% AgNPs into the CS:CL-CNC7:3-50% bio-composite film could be the best candidate composition for all optical properties. It can be used for potential applications in the area of food packaging as well as successfully on opto-electronic devices.