Thermophoresis Parameter Research Articles

Numerical simulation of bio-magnetic nanofluid flow in the human circulatory system

The investigation of the rheological properties of bio-magnetic nanofluid in the human circulatory system has attracted the attention of biomedical engineers, medical professionals and researchers in recent days to explore the potential of utilizing magnetic field in the diagnosis of cancer cells, thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases. The Eyring-Powell fluid model was employed in this investigation because it accurately captures the non-Newtonian features of blood owing to its shear thinning and stress relaxation qualities. The present study illustrates the importance of the induced magnetic field on Eyring-Powell nanofluid flow across three distinct geometries (stagnation point, plate, and wedge) with the presence of gyrotactic microorganisms. The investigation of different geometries provides essential information regarding their practical applications, such as the development of targeted therapies for localized drug delivery, the dissolution of blood clots to promote clot breakdown, the enhancement of drug delivery to specific regions, the prevention of biofilm formation on vessel walls, the promotion of improved blood flow, and the reduction of plaque for arterial health. The conversion of fluid transport equations into ordinary differential equations has been achieved through the utilization of appropriate self-similarity variables. The resulting equations have been solved with the use of the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) approach. The characteristics of numerous dimensionless parameters such as magnetic Prandtl number ( M mp = 0.5 , 1.0 , 1.5 ) , magnetic parameter ( β mp = 0.2 , 0.4 , 0.6 ) , fluid parameters ( ε , δ = 0.0 , 0.5 , 1.0 ) , chemical reaction parameter ( Kr = 0.0 , 0.5 , 1.0 ) , Eckert number ( Ec = 1.0 , 2.0 , 3.2 ) , Thermophoresis ( N T = 0.3 , 0.6 , 0.9 ) , Brownian motion ( N B = 0.3 , 0.6 , 0.9 ) , Biot number ( Bi = 0.5 , 1.0 , 1.5 ) , bioconvective constant ( σ 1 = 0.0 , 1.0 , 2.0 ) , bioconvective Schmidt number ( Sb = 0.1 , 0.3 , 0.5 ) , Peclet number ( Pe = 0.1 , 0.3 , 0.5 ) , temperature ratio ( θ w = 1.0 , 2.0 , 3.0 ) , Radiation ( Rd = 0.0 , 1.0 , 1.5 ) , Schmidt number ( Sc = 1.0 , 2.0 , 3.0 ) , and non-dimensional activation energy ( E = 0.0 , 0.5 , 1.0 ) are analyzed. The magnetic Prandtl number and the magnetic parameter both show a decrease with an increase in the induced magnetic field. The magnitude of concentration increases with the elevation of both the Bio convective constant and the Peclet number. The skin friction coefficient is increased to the higher values of the fluid parameter in all three geometries. Nusselt number and Sherwood number both increase to the higher values of the thermophoresis parameter across the plate, wedge, and stagnation point. The Peclet and bioconvective numbers increase the concentration of motile organisms across the plate, wedge, and stagnation point geometries.

Magnetotactic bacteria and Fe3O4–water in a wavy walled cavity

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction between magnetotactic bacteria and Fe3O4–water nanofluid (NF) in a wavy enclosure in the presence of 2D natural convection flow.Design/methodology/approachUniform magnetic field (MF), Brownian and thermophoresis effects are also contemplated. The dimensionless, time-dependent equations are governed by stream function, vorticity, energy, nanoparticle concentration and number of bacteria. Radial basis function-based finite difference method for the space derivatives and the second-order backward differentiation formula for the time derivatives are performed. Numerical outputs in view of isolines as well as average Nusselt number, average Sherwood number and flux density of microorganisms are presented.FindingsConvective mass transfer rises if any of Lewis number, Peclet number, Rayleigh number, bioconvection Rayleigh number and Brownian motion parameter increases, and the flux density of microorganisms is an increasing function of Rayleigh number, bioconvection Rayleigh number, Peclet number, Brownian and thermophoresis parameters. The rise in buoyancy ratio parameter between 0.1 and 1 and the rise in Hartmann number between 0 and 50 reduce all outputs average Nusselt, average Sherwood numbers and flux density of microorganisms.Research limitations/implicationsThis study implies the importance of the presence of magnetotactic bacteria and magnetite nanoparticles inside a host fluid in view of heat transfer and fluid flow. The limitation is to check the efficiency on numerical aspect. Experimental observations would be more effective.Practical implicationsIn practical point of view, in a heat transfer and fluid flow system involving magnetite nanoparticles, the inclusion of magnetotactic bacteria and MF effect provide control over fluid flow and heat transfer.Social implicationsThis is a scientific study. However, this idea may be extended to sustainable energy or biofuel studies, too. This means that a better world may create better social environment between people.Originality/valueThe presence of magnetotactic bacteria inside a Fe3O4–water NF under the effect of a MF is a good controller on fluid flow and heat transfer. Since the magnetotactic bacteria is fed by nanoparticles Fe3O4 which has strong magnetic property, varying nanoparticle concentration and Brownian and thermophoresis effects are first considered.

Brownian motion and thermophoresis influence in magnetized Maxwell upper-convected stagnation point fluid flow via a stretching porous surface

This article focuses on the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis convection in the stagnation point flow of a Maxwell upper-convected fluid over a non-Darcian porous surface with slip conditions and a magnetic inclination effect. The Maxwell dissipative fluid accounts for Joule heating due to an imposed magnetic field and porous medium resistance. At the same time, the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model represents thermal relaxation in contrast to the conventional Fourier law. The resulting nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity variables. The analysis revealed the influence of dimensionless numbers, including Deborah, Eckert, Prandtl, chemical reaction, thermal relaxation, inclination and slip parameters. The findings were presented using graphs and tables. An increase in the thermophoresis parameter notably led to higher concentration and temperature profiles. In contrast, increasing Brownian motion (Nb) decreased the solutal boundary layer thickness but enhanced the thermal boundary layer.

Significance of mixed convective double diffusive MHD stagnation point flow of nanofluid over a vertical surface with heat generation

The mixed convection double-diffusive MHD flow of boundary layer nanofluids above vertical region is designed. This flow is explained near stagnation point along with heat generation. Using Buongiorno’s model, the properties of Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and diffusion of regular and cross type are included. Using appropriate similarity transformations of the local similarity technique, non-linear unstable PDEs in governing model converted to non-linear ODEs, which were then evaluated numerically by the Keller-box method (KBM) using the computational software MATLAB 2021a. Graphical analysis of possessions of parameters on the boundary layers in profiles of velocity, solute concentration, temperature and nanoparticle concentration is illustrated. The statistics of the reduced Sherwood number and the reduced Nusselt number for solute and nanoparticles in cases of assisting flow and opposing flow are added as well to the results. The fastest rate of heat transfer is achieved in a scenario with a negligible thermophoresis effect. The thermophoresis parameter and the buoyancy parameter of the regular double diffusive appear to rise rather than decrease in the nanoparticles lowered Sherwood number, while the Brownian motion parameter rises. The temperature and layer thickness for heat generation have a quite opposite effect. When the computed numerical findings are compared to earlier published work, it is discovered to be in good percentage. The need for numerous industrial applications and improvements in the efficiency and energy consumption of systems, such as cooling and heating transportation, in water heaters, nuclear reactors, optical devices, turbines, aerodynamics, and electronics, have led to the establishment of this investigation.

Finite element solutions of Double diffusion effects on three-dimensional MHD Nano-Powell-Erying fluid flow in presence of thermal and mass Biot numbers

This work uses a numerical method to investigate the effects of diffusion on the flow of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluids. The applicable equations for this problem are derived from the Nano-Powell-Erying fluid model. The result of the differential equation is calculated by solving the problem using the finite element method. The numerical solutions are used to study the three-dimensional structures with the flow of nanofluid to investigate the influence of well-known fluid parameters. The study found that the Hartmann number and buoyancy ratio parameter have a significant impact on the velocity profile, while the Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters, as well as the thermal and mass Biot numbers, are the main factors influencing the temperature and concentration fields. This study aims to analyse the effect of two different parameters on the flow of MHD nanofluids to improve our basic understanding of this phenomenon. The findings that were produced are compared to the previous work and incipiently, the present numerical results are veritably in good agreement with the previous results. The results of this study can be useful for the optimization and design of various engineering applications.

MODELING THE INFLUENCE OF NANOPARTICLES AND GYROTACTIC MICROORGANISMS ON NATURAL CONVECTION IN A HEATED SQUARE CAVITY USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (ANN)

The phenomenon of natural convection, which is widely used in nature and engineering applications, is a current issue that can be encountered in every field of daily life. In this study, the natural convection characteristics of a complex liquid containing nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms in a heated square cavity were investigated using artificial neural network approach. The Nusselt number, average Sherwood number of nanoparticles, and average Sherwood number of microorganisms were considered as natural convection parameters and an artificial neural network model was developed to estimate these values. The Lewis number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, and buoyancy ratio parameter values were defined as input parameters in the network model, which has a multilayer perceptron architecture developed with a total of 24 datasets. There were 10 neurons in the hidden layer of the network model, which has a Bayesian regularization training algorithm. The outputs obtained from the network model were compared with the target values; in addition, the prediction performance of the model was extensively analyzed using various performance parameters. It was seen that the predicted values obtained from the neural network and the target values were in an ideal harmony. On the other hand, the value of the coefficient of determination for the network model was 0.99999% and the mean deviation rates were lower than -0.03%. The results of the study showed that the developed neural network model can predict the natural convection parameters discussed with high accuracy.

Heat and Mass Transfer of Boundary Layer Jeffrey Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Over Porous Wedge With Surface‐Catalysed Chemical Reactions: An ANFIS Model

The current study employs machine learning (ML) techniques to investigate the heat and mass transport of Jeffrey ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF). Various influential factors, including magnetic field, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, activation energy, thermophoresis, Brownian motion and surface‐catalysed chemical reactions, are considered in the analysis. The porous moving wedge supports and influences the flow pattern. For thermal enhancement, three different nanoparticles, namely, Ag (silver), CuO (copper oxide) and SWCNT (single − walled carbon nanotubes), diluted in the regular fluid (blood). Initially, the mathematically modelled partial differential equations (PDEs) are solved numerically by the help of the shooting method. The suitable nondimensional similarity transformations are implied to convert the dimensional PDEs to nondimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The reduced dimensionless nonlinear coupled ODEs are solved using ode‐45 in MATLAB. The impact of φAg, φCuO, φSWCNT in Cfx, Nux, Shx, is displayed in cone plots. It is found that, on increasing φAg, φCuO, φSWCNT, the heat transfer and mass transfer rate gets enhanced in THNF than the hybrid nanofluid (HNF) and nanofluid (NF). The influence of nondimensional parameters over f″(0), θ′(0), ϕ′(0), G′(0) and H′(0) is displayed in 3D contour plots for THNF and HNF. The radiation parameter (R), Brownian motion parameter (Nb), thermophoresis parameter (Nt) and volume fraction parameters φAg, φCuO, φSWCNT boost the energy transfer rate. Finally, the obtained numerical results are split into training and validation datasets that are used in designing the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) ML model. Five different ANFIS models are developed with the help of nondimensional parameters affecting f″(0), θ′(0), ϕ′(0), G′(0) and H′(0) to predict the physical quantities of dragging force (Cfx), energy transfer rate (Nux), the rate of mass transport (Shx) and mass fluxes for chemical species and , respectively. The training and checking errors attained the convergence less than 2 × 10−4 and 0.2, respectively, for all the five factors. The present ANFIS models have good balance between fitting the training data and generalising to new data, which can make accurate predictions irrespective of variations. The numerical and predicted ANFIS f″(0), θ′(0), ϕ′(0), G′(0) and H′(0) for training data, checking data and results are demonstrated in regression plots. From regression plots, we can observe that the Pearson correlation coefficient attains the positive correlation with R value closer to one. Hence, the developed ANFIS model shows the minimal error in predictions with high degree of accuracy of forecast in THNF flow.

MULTI-STRATIFIED EFFECTS ON STAGNATION POINT NANOFLUID FLOW WITH GYROTACTIC MICROORGANISMS OVER POROUS MEDIUM

The present investigation focuses on the intricate interplay of multiple stratified effects on the stagnation point nanofluid flow with gyrotactic microorganisms across a porous medium. The study encompasses a comprehensive numerical analysis, examining the impacts of varying parameters, such as stratification parameters, porosity, etc., on the flow characteristics. The gyrotactic behavior of microorganisms further adds complexity to the analysis. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the combined effects and their consequences on heat and mass transfer within the system. Such insights hold relevance in various engineering and environmental applications, including biofuel production and water treatment processes. Numerical solutions are obtained via the fifth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method with shooting technique. A graphical view of the velocity, temperature, concentration, and density of the microorganism-profile-concerned parameters are discussed in detail. A comparison with the local Nusselt number for distinct values of the Prandtl number reveal the validity of current results. The temperature, concentration, and density of microorganism fields lessened with enhancement of thermal, solutal, and motile stratification parameters. Also, concentration field boosts with enhancement of thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameter.

MHD Williamson fluid flow on an extending sheet with thermophoresis and chemical reaction

This research investigates the steady, two-dimensional, incompressible flow of a pseudoplastic Williamson fluid subjected to a linearly stretched sheet. The study incorporates the effects of magnetic fields, chemical reactions, and thermophoresis on fluid behavior. By applying boundary layer techniques and similarity transformations, the governing equations are simplified for numerical analysis. The MATLbvp4c solver is employed to solve the reduced equations. The obtained results are visually represented and thoroughly discussed to comprehend the model's physical characteristics. The investigation highlights the magnetic field's influence, chemical reaction, and impact of thermophoresis particle deposition on the flow behavior of Williamson fluid over the extended sheet. Findings: Moreover, significant roles are found for chemical reactions and thermophoresis parameters in determining the fluid concentration near the boundary layer. It is observed that an increase in the chemical reactions and thermophoresis parameters results in a reduced thickness of the fluid concentration near the boundary layer. Notably, an increase in Schmidt value also diminished the thickness of the fluid concentration close to the boundary layer. MHD parameter significantly influences the fluid's velocity and temperature near the surface. It has been noted that an increase in the MHD parameter decreases the fluid?s velocity and increases the temperature near the surface. The impact of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number and the impact of mass transfer coefficient on Williamson fluid will be discussed. The findings acquired are examined in relation to existing research and the correlation is provide as table.

Managing heat transfer effectiveness in a Darcy medium with a vertically non-linear stretching surface through the flow of an electrically conductive non-Newtonian nanofluid

<abstract><p>This study encapsulated the research methodology utilized in the flow behaviors of Williamson nanofluid and analyzed the associated mass heat transfer. The study concentrated on examining the magnetohydrodynamic behavior of nanofluids in the presence of heat generation effects and the inclusion of dissipative energy on a vertical nonlinear stretching surface submerged within a Darcy porous medium. The rationale for including variable viscosity and variable conductivity in this research was to precisely evaluate the mechanisms of heat and mass transfer, particularly with regard to the fluctuations in fluid properties. The objective was to enhance the understanding of how these varying properties impact the overall heat and mass transfer processes. The initial formulation of the phenomenon, initially presented as partial differential equations, was transformed into ordinary differential equations by employing appropriate dimensionless variables. The ultimate streamlined version of the model was then numerically solved utilizing the shooting method. By employing the numerical shooting method, we portrayed nanofluid patterns in velocity, temperature, and concentration fields, alongside essential parameters such as skin friction coefficient, Sherwood number, and Nusselt number. The significant key findings highlighted that both the porous parameter and the magnetic number increasingly affected temperature and concentration distributions. Additionally, increasing the thermophoresis parameter resulted in higher concentration and corresponding temperature levels. Graphical presentation and physical explanations were used for analysis, and the study's outcomes were compared to existing literature, affirming a strong agreement that validated the solutions.</p></abstract>

Convective boundary layer flow of MHD tangent hyperbolic nanofluid over stratified sheet with chemical reaction

<abstract> <p>We investigated the combined impact of convective boundary conditions, thermal conductivity, and magnetohydrodynamic on the flow of a tangent hyperbolic nanofluid across the stratified surface. Furthermore, the ramifications of Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and activation energy were considered. Heat generation, chemical reactions, mixed convection, thermal conductivity, and other elements were considered when analyzing heat transfer phenomena. The governing equations were converted via similarity transformations into non-dimensional ordinary differential equations in order to analyze the system. Using the shooting method, the problem's solution was determined. We showed the mathematical significance of the temperature, concentration profiles, and velocity of each fluid parameter. These profiles were thoroughly described and shown graphically. The findings demonstrated that as the Weissenberg number and magnetic number increased, the fluid velocity profile decreased. Higher heat generation and thermophoresis parameters resulted in an increase in the temperature profile. Higher Brownian motion and Schmidt parameter values resulted in a drop in the concentration profile. Tables were used to discuss the numerical values of skin friction ($ {C}_{fx} $), Nusselt number ($ {Nu}_{x} $), and Sherwood number ($ S{h}_{x} $). For the greater values of Weissenberg number and mixed convection parameters, skin friction numerical values fell while Nusselt numbers rose.</p> </abstract>

Peristaltic flow of Williamson nanofluid on a rough surface

The aim of this current research is to investigate the peristaltic flow of Williamson nanofluid across a rough surface in a non-uniform channel under the influence of inclined magnetic field. The Joule heating and viscous dissipation effects are also retained in the current scrutiny. The objective of studying peristaltic flow of Williamson nanofluid on a rough surface is to gain insights into the complex fluid dynamics and heat transfer phenomena occurring in such systems. This knowledge can be used to design more efficient and effective nanofluid-based devices and processes. In the context of mathematical modeling, the appropriate dimensional nonlinear equations for momentum, heat and mass transport are simplified into dimensionless equation by applying the essential estimation of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. The equations subjected to boundary conditions have solved numerically by the Mathematica software built-in numerical Solver ND_solve method. Various essential physical characteristics on velocity, temperature and concentration are presented graphically in the end. It can be seen that fluid velocity decreases at the central part of the channel for the escalting values Hartman number M. As Darcy number Da increases then velocity profile increases at the core part of the channel and the walls of the channel experiencing an opposite behavior. It is noticed that Higher value of Eckert number Ec enhances the temperature profile. When Weissenberg number We gets stronger then temperature profile decreases. It is observed that the temperature and concentration profiles show an opposite behavior for the rising values of thermophoresis parameter [Formula: see text].

Examining the role of activation energy and convective boundary conditions in nanofluid behavior of Couette-Poiseuille flow

Abstract This work investigates the behavior of a nanofluid in a horizontal channel under advection boundary conditions within the domain of magnetohydrodynamic radiative Couette-Poiseuille flow. We utilize the Haar wavelet collocation method (HWCM) to investigate the effects of energy activation. This research relies on the mathematical model introduced by Buongiorno, which effectively captures the flow dynamics and incorporates the influence of chemical processes. To streamline the governing flow equations, we employ boundary layer approximations. The HWCM is employed to numerically solve the non-linear coupled partial differential equations that regulate momentum, heat transport, and mass transfer processes. We examine the impact of several dimensionless convergence parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles and give visual representations of these results. It is crucial to highlight that the activation energy of the specific chemical reaction is directly linked to the concentration of nanoparticles. The effect of Brownian motion on nanoparticle concentration varies from that of the thermophoresis parameter.

Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of an unsteady Non-Newtonian Magnetohydrodynamic Fluid Flow (Semi-Analytical Solution)

In the presence of a time-dependent chemical reaction, this work investigates unsteady squeezing Casson nanofluid flow and heat transfer between two parallel plates under the influence of a uniform magnetic field. Considering the effects of viscosity dissipation, heat generation from friction resulting from flow shear, Brownian motion, Joule heating, and thermodiffusion. The problem's nonlinear differential equations are solved using the Runge–Kutta (RK-4) technique and the Homotopy Perturbation technique. The excellent accuracy of the results is evident since they have been compared with other results from earlier research. In the form of graphs and tables, flow behavior under the many physical factors that are modified is also covered and well described. This work has shown that, by normalizing flow behavior, magnetic fields may be utilized to manage a variety of flows. Additionally, it is demonstrated that in every situation, the effects of positive and negative squeeze numbers on heat and mass transfer flow are opposite. Moreover, the thermophoresis parameter decreases as the concentration field increases. However, when the Brownian motion parameter is increased, the concentration profile gets better. Additionally, several other significant factors were examined. The results of this study can facilitate quicker and easier research and assist engineers.

Influence of Thermophoresis and Brownian Motion on MHD Hybrid Nanofluid MgO - Ag/H2O Flow along Moving Slim Needle

The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of thermophoresis parameter, Brownian motion, velocity ratio parameter, similarity radius of the slim needle, magnetic parameter, Prandtl number and thermal radiation on the steady state, laminar, MHD hybrid nanofluid composed of MgO-Ag/H2O flowing along a horizontal hot thin needle. To achieve this, the BVP-5C shooting technique is employed through MATLAB to solve the transformed nonlinear ODEs governing the fluid flow. This study investigates the impact of non-dimensional parameters on the flow velocity, temperature and concentration profiles within the hybrid nanofluid. The effects of skin friction, local Nusselt number and Sherwood number are demonstrated through the use of tables. The observation reveals that elevating the thermophoresis parameter results in a simultaneous reduction in the temperature and concentration profiles, while an opposite behavior is observed for Brownian motion. The magnetic parameter and thermal radiation values result in a rising temperature profile, while the trend is reversed for the velocity ratio parameter, Prandtl number and Schmidt number. The Nusselt number demonstrates an upward trend with higher values of thermophoresis parameter, velocity ratio parameter and thermal radiation. Further, Sherwood number experiences an increase with greater values of Brownian motion and magnetic parameter but it displays a contrasting pattern for thermophoresis, velocity ratio parameter and thermal radiation parameter. Validation of this model with existing data has been excellent.

Mathematical analysis of Williamson nanofluid flow under radiation effects through slender cylinder

ABSTRACT Current research work demonstrates Williamson nanofluid flow through a slender cylinder. A slender cylinder has not been discussed before with Williamson nanofluid under thermal radiation effects, which is the novelty of the problem. The mass and heat transfer are analyzed under the different assumptions of viscosity, density, and thermal conductivity. Conservation of momentum and energy is modeled to exhibit the impact of the problem. Flow governing equations are initially transformed into ordinary differential equations and then demonstrated numerically by using MATLAB bvp4c. The significance of the present study is to understand how radiation interacts with Williamson’s fluid inside a slender cylinder, which is vital for optimizing heat transfer processes. This knowledge can be applied to design more efficient heat exchangers, boilers, and cooling systems in industries ranging from power generation to manufacturing. The effects of dimensionless numbers on the non-dimensional fields are investigated and shown graphically. The main findings are that the velocity curve reveals the decreasing behavior for curvature and buoyancy parameters. Radiation parameter and Prandtl number boost the temperature profile. The thermophoresis parameter decreases the concentration profile, while the Brownian parameter increases it. The heat transfer curve goes up, while skin friction and Sherwood number go down under the effects of different parameters.

Sensitivity analysis for MHD bionanofluid slip flow model in fluid-permeable plate

Diagnostic and therapeutic purpose on human healthcare is moving to a trend of combined engineering principles and design concepts. It is therefore beneficial to refine the study on thermodynamic properties of bionanofluid towards a better state of diagnoses and treatments. This paper aims to determine the characteristics of a magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) bionanofluid slip flow model in a fluid-permeable plate. A Buongiorno mathematical model describing steady two-dimensional MHD bionanofluid slip flow across a permeable plate is constructed. Numerical analysis by shooting technique and sensitivity analysis under the principle of RSM is configured to determine the correlation between input parameters and output responses. The relationship between the four parameters of interest namely skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number and local density of motile microorganism with respective velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration and microorganism density distributions to the selected input parameters are investigated. Skin friction coefficient and local density of motile microorganism increase with suction and Schmidt number respectively, signifying positive sensitivity. Local Sherwood number is conditionally more sensitive to Brownian motion parameter or else Lewis number. While, local Nusselt number is always gaining negative sensitivity from Lewis number, thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters. Extensive numerical studies on boundary layer problem have been done; yet this is the first study invoking sensitivity analysis to discuss the sensitivity of parameters of interest to the input thermophysical parameters.

Thermal synthesize of shear thinning nanofluid in small flexible vessel type channel with low seepage Reynold number and Au nanoparticles

The present study presents an analysis of Casson nanofluid flow in small expanding/contracting vessel with permeable walls. Further, we have presented the coupling of expanding/contracting parameter with low seepage Reynolds number. Similarity transformation is used to convert the governing partial differential equation into set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations which are solved numerically using R–K method after converting the system of boundary value problem into initial value problem with the help of a shooting technique numerically. The behavior of emerging parameters are presented graphically for velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles fraction. Most important effect of physical parameter skin friction, Nusselt and Sherwood number are presented in table form. It is found that, reduced Nusselt number is decreasing function of Prendtl number and reduce Sherwood number is the increasing Brownian motion parameter Nb and Thermophoresis parameter Nt.

Bioconvection analysis for convectively heated radiative flow of Sutterby fluid involving efficacy of ferromagnetic nanoparticles

In this article explained about the study 2-D Sutterby fluid model with suspension of microorganisms in ferrofluid, while radiation aspect is also considered here. Basic purpose of using microorganism is to obtain more stability in suspension. Here the important characteristics of thermophoresis parameter, viscous dissipation, magnetic interaction parameter and Brownian motion parameter are examined. Now, the system of non-linear P.D.Es is changed into set of O.D.Es then we solved these equations by using famous mathematical scheme bvp4c. Graphical results showed that temperature of Sutterby ferrofluid intensifies with increase in the estimations of thermal Biot number as well as radiation effects whereas results in reduction of Prandtl number. The density of microorganism reduces for greater values of Peclet number.

Investigation of dissipation phenomenon of non-Newtonian nanofluid due to a horizontal stretching rough sheet through a Darcy porous medium

Recent advancements in thermal engineering have led to the development of stable thermal properties and practical applications for nanofluid flow. Consequently, this study aims to explore the heat and mass transfer characteristics of a non-Newtonian Maxwell nanofluid when it comes into contact with a stretched surface containing porous features that allow for fluid suction velocity. Additionally, the research takes into account how the Soret and Dufour effects impact the processes of heat and mass transfer. A less-explored aspect of research in this field relates to the velocity slip boundary conditions when nanofluids with changing viscosity are involved. Additionally, the model employed in this study illustrates the influence of both viscous dissipation and variable thermal conductivity on the processes of heat and mass transfer. The mathematical flow model is described by nonlinear partial differential equations, which are subsequently transformed into non-dimensional ordinary differential equations. The resulting system is then solved numerically using the shooting method. This study visually examines the impact of physical variables on temperature, flow characteristics, and concentration patterns. Furthermore, it provides graphical representations of estimated values for the skin friction coefficient, Sherwood numbers, and local Nusselt numbers, which are also organized in tables for analysis. In conclusion, by comparing our data with previous results, we confirm the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. A significant discovery is that the nanofluid velocity decreases as the Maxwell, porous, and slip velocity parameters are increased. Furthermore, the nanofluid concentration rises when the thermophoresis and viscosity parameters increase.