Thermogravimetric Analysis Tests Research Articles

Fire Behavior and Failure Model of Multilayered Wood Flour/HDPE/Polycarbonate Composites with a Sandwich Structure.

The flame retardancy of wood–polymer composites significantly affects their potential applications. Thus, multilayered wood flour/high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/polycarbonate (PC) composites were prepared via thermocompression to improve the fire retardancy of wood–polymer composites in this paper. Thermal degradation behavior, flame retardancy, and flexural strengths of the resulting composites were investigated using a thermogravimetric analysis, cone calorimetry, and mechanical testing machine, respectively. Results revealed that the boric acid treatment reduced the heat release rate and total heat release of the wood flour/HDPE composites and increased their mass of residues. However, boric acid reduced the flexural strength of the resulting composites. The combustion test indicated that PC cap layers suppressed the combustion of the resulting composites via the formation of carbon layers. Adding PC layers reduced heat release and increased the flexural strength of the resulting composites. Finally, the failure mode of the multilayered wood flour/HDPE/PC composites in the three-point flexural test was simulated by finite element analysis.

Improving the fire performance and washing durability of nylon-cotton blend fabrics by the incorporation taurine derivatives

The incorporation of biological resources for developing flame retardant is a promising approach to fabricate durable flame retardant fabrics. Herein, a novel bio-based flame retardant ammonium salt of taurine phosphonate (PTau) was successfully synthesized from taurine and grafted onto the nylon-cotton (NYCO) blend fabrics by covalent bonds. Both the flame retardancy and washing durability of PTau treated NYCO fabrics were improved significantly. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of PTau-NYCO fabric was increased from 18.5 % to 36.7 % and the damaged length was reduced from 30.0 cm to 5.6 cm during the vertical burning test. The flame retardancy of PTau-NYCO fabric was well preserved with the LOI value of 29.2 % after 40 laundering cycles. Cone calorimeter test indicated that the PTau-NYCO fabric decreased the peak heat release rate from 207.7 kW/m2 to 77.5 kW/m2, and the total heat release rate from 10.5 MJ/m2 to 5.6 MJ/m2, respectively, compared with that of the control NYCO fabric. Thermogravimetric analysis test showed that the char formation ability was improved for PTau-NYCO fabric with the char residue of 37.2 wt% at 800 °C. The flame retardant mechanism showed that PTau was beneficial to form the char layer and generate nonflammable gases. In general, this work proposes a feasible method to produce durable flame retardant NYCO fabrics by using taurine derivatives.

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Cassava Starch/Beeswax Reinforced with Cogon Grass Fiber

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of cogon grass fiber (CGF) on the thermal and mechanical properties of thermoplastic cassava starch (TPCS)/beeswax matrix. The alteration of TPCS/beeswax reinforced with cogon grass fiber was performed by incorporating various amount of CGF (0,10,20,30,40 wt.%) into the polymer matrix. The samples were then evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis and tensile test. The findings showed that the thermal properties of the composite were slightly improved as the CGF content increase. The mechanical test showed that the tensile strength and tensile modulus increased with the addition of the CGF. However, the elongation at break showed a decreased pattern following the increasing content of CGF compared to the 0% of fiber content. In general, the findings from this study have shown that the TPCS/beeswax reinforced with the CGF composite has improved the functional properties of the composites compared to the TPCS matrix.

Characterization of nanofiber composite membrane for high water flux and antibacterial properties

Nanostructured membranes are introduced as a new technology for water purification and treatment. In this work, a facile and simple route of alkaline treatment of polymeric and nanocomposite fiber membranes was developed using electrospinning technique. A blended polysulfone (PSF) and cellulose acetate (CA) polymers incorporated with (0.2 wt%, ZnO NPs), followed by immersion in 0.1 M NaOH solution was performed to enhance membrane surface properties. The membranes were characterized using field emission microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), mechanical strength, water contact angle (WCA), permeate flux, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and antimicrobial test. Interestingly, the proposed filtration membrane materials exhibited superhydrophilic property i.e. (WCA = 13° ± 3°) corresponding to (PSF/CA/ZnO NPs) membrane with highest water flux of 0.46 m3 m−2 h−1. Additionally, mechanical properties of the developed membranes showed that addition of ZnO NPs resulted in tensile strength of 0.29 MPa without treatment and 0.13 MPa after membrane treatment which is higher than that of pristine membrane tensile strength (0.11 MPa). The composite nanofibrous membrane displayed a strong antibacterial activity against E. coli, with a bacterial growth inhibition zone diameter of 10 ± 0.6 mm. The overall membrane river Nile water filtration resulted in slight decreasing water total dissolved ions (TDS), lower turbidity, and high-water flux. This facile membrane development route could facilitate not only the sustainable development of membrane technology but also achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) for clean water and sanitation for drinking water purification and wastewater treatment.

Robustness of self-compacting concrete incorporating bone china ceramic waste powder along with granite cutting waste for sustainable development

Keeping sustainability at the centre of this work, two solid waste materials have been selected for this study. First is bone china ceramic waste powder (BCCWP) obtained from broken or distorted bone china ceramic waste products, and the second is granite cutting waste (GCW) from the granite cutting and shaping industry. The present study aims at assessing fresh state, mechanical and durability characteristics of the SCC mixes incorporating BCCWP and GCW as cement and fine aggregate replacement, respectively. In a preliminary state, the raw BCCWP was evaluated for various pozzolanic activity tests such as the Frattini test, strength activity index and lime saturation test. SCC mixes were tested for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, corrosion and chloride resistance tests. SCC mixtures were also tested at elevated temperatures by conducting thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) tests. Outcomes of fresh properties were found in the satisfactory limit as per EFNARC standard, except the SCC mix prepared with 30% BCCWP and 40% GCW. SCC mix with 10% BCCWP and 30% GCW showed the maximum strength properties. Moreover, statistical analysis using ANOVA was carried out to find the effectiveness of BCCWP and GCW parameters on various hardened state characteristics. From ecological and economic analysis, lesser embodied energy and embodied carbon dioxide emission, as well as cost reduction, was observed for SCC mixes containing BCCWP and GCW.

Synthesis of sodium alginate-polycarboxylate superplasticizer and its tolerance mechanism on montmorillonite

Sodium montmorillonite (MMT) is a major mineral component of clay in manufactured sand which is an economical aggregate in concrete. Its lamellar structure has a negative effect on an important concrete admixtures polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE). In this study, sodium alginate (SA), a polysaccharide, was grafted with an unsaturated amide, having a double bond structure, to synthesize the acrylamide modified sodium alginate (Ugi-SA) through the Ugi reaction. Then, Ugi-SA, acrylic acid (AA), and isopentenol polyoxyethylene ether (TPEG) were used to synthesize sodium alginate-polycarboxylate superplasticizer (SPCE) by free radical copolymerization. The structures of Ugi-SA and SPCE were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The fluidity of the montmorillonite (MMT) cement paste with SPCE and the traditional polycarboxylate superplasticizer (TPCE) was investigated. Furthermore, the adsorption behavior of SPCE on MMT was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), total organic carbon analyzer (TOC) and the tolerance mechanism of SPCE on MMT was discussed. The FT-IR and GPC results showed that Ugi-SA and SPCE were synthesized successfully. The initial fluidity test results indicated that SPCE had a better dispersion effect and MMT tolerance than TPCE. TGA, TOC and XRD tests showed that the adsorption of SPCE on MMT was much lower than that of TPCE. This study demonstrated that the SA structure of SPCE appears to exhibit a large steric hindrance, which prevents the intercalation of SPCE into MMT.

The Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Melanin by Using Silkworm as a Model Animal.

Melanin has been reported to have potential applications in industries such as cosmetics and food due to its anti-UV and antioxidative qualities. However, the corresponding data on its safety evaluation or biological consequences are fairly limited; such data are critical given its widespread use. The effect of different concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4%) of melanin on growth status (larvae length and weight, cocoon weight, and morphology), the microstructure of the various tissues (fat body, silk gland, and midgut), and silk properties was studied by using the silkworm (bombyx mori) as the model organism. The weight and length of silkworm larvae fed with melanin were lower than the control, indicating that melanin appears to have a negative effect on the growth status of silkworms; however, the histophysiology analysis indicates that the cell morphologies are not changed, the XRD and FTIR spectra indicate that the secondary and crystalline structures of silks are also well preserved, and the thermogravimetric analysis and tensile test indicate that the thermal stability and mechanical properties are well maintained and even improved to some extent. Generally, it indicates that melanin has a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of silkworm larva but causes no harm to the cell microstructures or silk properties; this demonstrates that the safety of melanin as a food addictive should be considered seriously. The increase of thermal stability and mechanical properties shows that melanin may be a good chemical modifier in textile industries.

Sodium sulfide-based polysulfide polymers: synthesis, cure, thermal and mechanical properties

In this study, a series of polysulfide polymers were synthesized using aqueous monomer (sodium sulfide) and organic monomers (methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride, 1,4-dichlorobutane, and α,α′-dichloro-p-xylene) via interfacial polymerization. Next, thepolymers, sulfur, zinc oxide (ZnO), stearic acid, and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS), were compounded using a two-roll mill and cured by a rheometer. The as-synthesized and cured samples are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Shore A, and tensile tests. Also, the molecular weight of the as-synthesized samples was determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The results showed that in the as-synthesized linear polymers, with increasing the number of carbon in the structure, crystallinity, hardness, glass transition temperature (Tg ), and melting point (Tm ) decrease. Also, the investigation of thermal degradation showed that poly(p-xylene sulfide) and poly(butylene sulfide) have the lowest and highest thermal resistance, respectively. The results of polymerization yield showed that without the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), which is used as a phase transfer catalysts (PTC), the polymerization reaction of poly(butylene sulfide) and poly(p-xylene sulfide) is inefficient. The samples have a completely amorphous structure after the curing process. Moreover, the Tg , thermal resistance, and hardness increased.

Hydration, mechanical properties, and microstructural characteristics of cement pastes with different ionic polyacrylamides: A comparative study

Polyacrylamides (PAMs) have been widely used as chemical admixtures to modify the workability of cement-based materials. However, polymers possess variable molecular characteristics that have different effects on the macro- and micro-properties of cement, which need to be further explored. In this study, three different ionic PAMs, namely anionic PAM (APAM), cationic PAM (CPAM), and nonionic PAM (NPAM), were applied to investigate their effects on the hydration and mechanical properties of Portland cement. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests were carried out to reveal the evolution of cement phase compositions. The results indicate that APAM significantly delays the cement hydration, increases the cement drying shrinkage, and reduces the cement strength development. However, CPAM and NPAM promote total heat release from the cement. CPAM and NPAM have minor effects on the cement drying shrinkage and strength development compared with APAM. Phase composition analysis reveals that APAM inhibits the dissolution of C3S and promotes the formation of Ca(OH)2 after 1 d. In contrast, CPAM and NPAM mainly enhance the dissolution of C3S before 4 h.

Survey of antibacterial activity and release kinetics of gold-decorated magnetic nanoparticles of Fe0 conjugated with sulfamethoxazole against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Drug delivery of antibiotics with magnetic nanoparticles improved by coating metals such as gold and silver has recently been studied. This work describe a simple method to synthesize modified magnetic nanoparticles which have high ability to modify the customary formulation of antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and pursuant study of adsorption-desorption (release) of this drug. These synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by different methods, including field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and mapping, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating-sample magnetometry, thermogravimetric analysis and zeta potential test. Present assay showed a well correlation with the introduced carrier for the drug. Also the hypothesis were proved by some adsorption isotherm models and drug kinetics studies of carriers with different drug release kinetics models. This study confirmed the adsorption isotherm models and kinetics of drug sorbate are Temkin and Pseudo-First-Order Lagergren models, respectively; the kinetics of drug release from this carrier is based on Zero-Order model. The values of MIC in antibacterial test for pure SMX and SMX conjugated nanoparticles against Escherichia coli were calculated to be 14 and 2.5 μg/mL, respectively, and these values against Staphylococcus aureus were 24 and 1.25 μg/mL, respectively.

Synthesis and characterization of 1 K waterborne non-isocyanate polyurethane epoxy hybrid coating

Non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) attract more attention these days due to the increasing environmental concerns from the traditional polyurethanes that involve isocyanates in the synthesis. Herein we prepared a novel one-package (1 K) waterborne non-isocyanate polyurethane in this study. A series of 1 K waterborne epoxy hybrid coatings were synthesized from bio-based amine, cyclic carbonate, internal emulsifier, and epoxy resin. Different formulations of the 1 K waterborne NIPU epoxy hybrid coatings were designed including different ratios of soft and hard segments, different urethane contents, and different functionalities and structures of the hybridized epoxy. The chemical structure of the NIPU polymers was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The thermal stability and mechanical property of the 1 K waterborne NIPU coatings were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and tensile tests, respectively. One glass transition temperature studied by differential scanning calorimetry was found for each coating which demonstrated that the soft segments and the hard segments were mixed well in the 1 K waterborne NIPU coating systems. The coatings with different formulations can achieve a broad range of thermal and mechanical properties. In addition, the general coating properties, such as hardness, adhesion, and chemical resistance, were evaluated to demonstrate the practical application of the 1 K waterborne NIPU in coatings.

Granulation of alkaline metal nitrate promoted MgO adsorbents and the low-concentration CO2 capture performance in the fixed bed adsorber

Magnesium-based adsorbents with the modification of alkaline metal salts are considered the competitive candidates for CO2 capture at intermedium temperature. In this article, the NaNO3 promoted MgO adsorbents were prepared and granulated, and the characterization methods were used to detect the microstructure of the granular adsorbents, including NaNO3 distribution, BET specific surface area, micropore size and microcrystal aggregation. The thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) tests were carried out to investigate the optimal CO2 adsorption and desorption temperatures and the cyclic stability of the NaNO3 promoted MgO granules. Moreover, the pretreatment of carbonization and calcination was adopted to improve the cyclic stability of the granular adsorbents. Furthermore, the fixed bed adsorber with 40 g NaNO3-MgO granules was used to capture CO2 from 50% CO2 mixture gas with N2 and from 20% CO2 mixture gas with N2, respectively, and the CO2 breakthrough behaviors in the fixed bed were investigated. It was found that NaNO3-MgO adsorbents were suitable for the middle and high-concentration CO2 capture (such as 50% CO2 feed gas) in fixed bed adsorber with the higher CO2 recovery efficiency, but the CO2 recovery efficiency was lower for the low-concentration CO2 capture (such as 20% CO2 feed gas) at ordinary pressure. Because about 10 kPa CO2 partial pressure in the gas phase was needed to overcome CO2 mass transfer resistance in the molten salt layer on MgO surface during adsorption, the appropriate pressurization would improve the low-concentration CO2 capture efficiency in the fixed bed adsorber.

Effect of Fe impregnation on CO2-assisted pyrolysis of hazelnut shell

To find an economical and efficient way for mitigating CO2 emission, this study utilized CO2 as a reaction medium and investigated its influence on biomass pyrolysis. To this end, CO2-assisted pyrolysis of hazelnut shell (HS) and Fe-loaded HS (HSFe) was conducted using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) unit and a fixed-bed reactor. The temperature-programmed TGA tests demonstrated that there was no occurrence of the heterogeneous reaction between the solid char and CO2 at temperatures below 700 °C. However, the gaseous effluents evolved from the temperature-programmed pyrolysis of HS and HSFe in a fixed-bed reactor proved that CO2 played a mechanistic role in enhancing CO generation via the gas phase reactions (GPRs) between CO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Through the quantitative analysis of gas evolution rates, the CO production and the CO2 consumption in the GPRs always followed a stoichiometric relationship of about 2:1. A possible mechanism of the GPRs between CO2 and VOCs was proposed. Besides, Fe addition reduced the reaction temperatures of the GPRs between CO2 and VOCs by 120–160 °C, and significantly enhanced the reaction rate of these GPRs. As a result, the enhanced CO generation and the net CO2 consumption of HS loaded with 5 wt% Fe (HS5%Fe) in CO2 atmosphere were more than twice those of raw HS at temperatures above 500 °C. The XRD results revealed that Fe3O4 was the major chemical form of Fe species in HS5%Fe chars generated at temperatures ≥ 500 °C in CO2 atmosphere, which played a catalytic role in the GPRs between CO2 and VOCs.

Influence of high-temperature, high-pressure, and acidic conditions on the structure and properties of high-performance organic fibers

Abstract Aramid and poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers are two of the most represented organic fibers possessing high strength, high modulus, excellent thermal stability, and chemical resistance, with great potential in oil and gas applications. The reliability of organic fibers for oil and gas applications were systematically evaluated by studying the corrosion behavior and mechanisms in high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosive environments. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, density measurements, and single fiber tensile testing were conducted to study the surface morphology, chemical structure, crystal structure, thermal, and mechanical properties of aramid and PBO fibers, before and after corrosion. After corrosion, the crystallinities of aramid and PBO fibers decreased by 19.4 and 4.4%, respectively, whereas their tensile fracture strengths decreased by 50.34 and 28.18%, respectively. Hence, the corrosion resistance of PBO fiber is better than aramid fiber. The decrease in tensile properties of aramid and PBO fibers can be attributed to the higher internal porosity, more number of surface defects, and lower crystallinity after HTHP H2S/CO2 corrosion. This work provides some fundamental information regarding the selection of high-performance organic fibers for oil and gas applications.

Chitosan and nano-TiO2 coating improves the flame retardancy of dyed and undyed denim fabrics by increasing the charring

In this study, chitosan is obtained from the waste shells of crayfish ( Astacus leptodactylus) and characterized. The crayfish chitosan was coated on cotton fabrics using the padding-drying method. The surface properties, flammability and water and air permeability properties of these coatings based on chitosan and a combination of chitosan and nano-TiO2 were determined. The weight of green calico fabric increased to 24.76% after coating with chitosan, while the weight of the blue dyed denim fabric increased to 5.19%. The chitosan coating increased the tear strength of the calico fabric by 20% in the weft direction. Thermogravimetric analysis and vertical burning tests show that chitosan improves the thermal resistance and flame retardancy performance of denim fabrics. While the amount of residue due to thermal degradation of the blue dyed denim fabric was 16.78%, it increased to 34% after coating with chitosan+nano-TiO2. The chitosan coating reduced the mass loss caused by thermal degradation in green calico fabric from 86.3% to 66.0%. Chitosan also improved the post-flame combustion performance of fabrics. While the ember burning time is decreased to 6s in the chitosan-coated dyed calico fabric, this did not occur in the chitosan+nano-TiO2-coated dyed denim fabric.

Accelerated Aging of Epoxy Biocomposites Filled with Cellulose

The presented research concerns the mechanochemical modification of a snap-cure type of epoxy resin, A.S. SET 1010, with the addition of different amounts of cellulose (0, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 per 100 resin), for a novel, controlled-degradation material with possible application in the production of passenger seats in rail transport. Composite samples were prepared on a hydraulic press in ac-cordance with the resin manufacturer’s recommendations, in the form of tiles with dimensions of 80 × 80 × 1 mm. The prepared samples were subjected to thermo-oxidative aging and weathering for a period of 336 h. Changes in the color and surface defects in the investigated composites were evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry (Cie-Lab). The degree of degradation by changes in the chemical structure of the samples was analyzed using FTIR/ATR spectroscopy. Differential scan-ning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests were performed, and the sur-face energy of the samples was determined by measuring the contact angle of droplets. Tests were performed to determine changes in cellulose-filled epoxy resin composites after thermo-oxidative aging and weathering. It was found out that the addition of cellulose did not inflict sufficient changes to the properties within tested parameters. In the tested case, cellulose acted as a natural active biofiller. Our research is in line with the widespread pursuit of pro-ecological solutions in industry and the creation of materials with a positive impact on the natural environment.

Synergic effects of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and nano-sized montmorillonite (MMT) on the flammability and mechanical properties of flax fiber reinforced phenolic composites under hydrothermal aging

In this study, a phosphorus-containing flame retardant (FR) DMMP was applied to solve the flammability of flax fiber reinforced phenolic composites (FFRPCs), and the phenolic resin was further modified with nano-sized MMTs in order to enhance the flame retardancy. The water absorption performance of the composites was obtained by weighing method and the flammability of the composites was evaluated through the vertical burning test and limiting oxygen index (LOI) test. The effect of water absorption on the interlaminar properties of the composites was investigated. Then, the morphology of the composites and thermal stability of the composites were analyzed with the aid of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cone calorimeter test before and after water immersion. The results revealed that using DMMP to pretreat flax fiber is a simple and effective method to improve the flame retardancy of FFRPCs. Adding MMTs into the phenolic resin facilitated the formation of more carbonization layers within the composites during burning, which would synergistically retard flame with the DMMP. On the other hand, it restrained water absorption of the composites and hindered the precipitation of DMMP from the composites to some extent. Therefore, the effects of water absorption on the reduction of the flammability and mechanical properties of DMMP/MMT treated composites were less than those being merely treated by DMMP due to less water absorption of the composites by adding MMTs.

Design of a Naturally Dyed and Waterproof Biotechnological Leather from Reconstituted Cellulose.

Consumerism in fashion involves the excessive consumption of garments in modern capitalist societies due to the expansion of globalisation, especially at the beginning of the 21st Century. The involvement of new designers in the garment industry has assisted in creating a desire for new trends. However, the fast pace of transitions between collections has made fashion increasingly frivolous and capable of generating considerable interest in new products, accompanied by an increase in the discarding of fabrics. Thus, studies have been conducted on developing sustainable textile materials for use in the fashion industry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of a vegan leather produced with a dyed, waterproof biopolymer made of reconstituted bacterial cellulose (BC). The dying process involved using plant-based natural dyes extracted from Allium cepa L., Punica granatum, and Eucalyptus globulus L. The BC films were then shredded and reconstituted to produce uniform surfaces with a constant thickness of 0.10 cm throughout the entire area. The films were waterproofed using the essential oil from Melaleuca alternifolia and wax from Copernicia prunifera. The characteristics of the biotechnological vegan leather were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), flexibility and mechanical tests, as well as the determination of the water contact angle (°) and sorption index (s). The results confirmed that the biomaterial has high tensile strength (maximum: 247.21 ± 16.52 N) and high flexibility; it can be folded more than 100 times at the same point without breaking or cracking. The water contact angle was 83.96°, indicating a small water interaction on the biotextile. The results of the present study demonstrate the potential of BC for the development of novel, durable, vegan, waterproof fashion products.

Investigation on thermal stability and adhesion property of chitosan based biodegradable composite

Developing a biodegradable polymer composite by using chitosan as matrix and natural fiber as reinforcement plays a vital role in order to increase mechanical properties. Chitosan has been exploited for its mucoadhesvie property which has tremendous biomedical applications in order to explore the mechanical and thermal capability. This study initialized with manufacturing of chitosan-based composite with three different natural fibers namely banana, coir, and sisal. The results of the incorporation of natural fibers with chitosan on the strength of composite blends were investigated. Further the prepared sample undergone Thermo gravimetric analysis and peel test to evaluate their thermal stability and adhesive property. The results indicate that the chitosan improves the thermal property of composites, whereas the increasing percentage of chitosan in peel test sample gets saturated hence the adhesive property gets deteriorate.

Characteristics of Sustainable Concrete with Partial Substitutions of Glass Waste as a Binder Material

Manufacturing waste has been quickly increasing over time as a result of the fast-rising population as well as the consumption of foods that are thrown away dishonestly, resulting in environmental contamination. As a result, it has been suggested that industrial waste disposal may be considerably reduced if it could be integrated into cement concrete manufacturing. The aim of this study is to analyze the properties of concrete employing waste glass (WG) as a binding material in proportions of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by weight of cement. The fresh property was assessed using a slump cone test, while mechanical performance was assessed using flexural, compressive, splitting tensile, and pull-out strength after 7, 28, and 56 days. Furthermore, microstructure analysis was studied by scan electronic microscopic (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) test. The results reveal that the addition of discarded glass reduces the workability of concrete. Furthermore, mechanical performance was increased up to a 20% substitution of waste glass and then gradually declined. Waste glass can be employed as a micro filler or pozzolanic material without affecting the mechanical performance of concrete, according to microstructure research.