Bi2Te3-based materials have been widely used in thermoelectric conversion technologies. Thermoelectric modules are fabricated from Bi2Te3-based ingots, but utilization of recycled scraps produced during the machining of thermoelectric elements has attracted attention because of limited material resources. In this work, we proposed a strategy for reusing ingot scraps to produce practical high-performance thermoelectric materials via a spark plasma sintering process by adjusting the composition of the scraps. It was found that the SPS process with a transient liquid phase resulting from excess added Te enhanced the thermoelectric performance, and a appropriately long soaking time was needed for SPS to maximize this enhancement. A longer sintering time helped improve the electrical transport properties, while simultaneously reducing the lattice thermal conductivity. Eventually, the highest ZT value of 1.33 and maximum conversion efficiency of 4.2% were obtained in the sample sintered for 15 min. This work provides an effective strategy for recycling industrial scraps of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric materials and demonstrates the importance of soaking time optimization when spark plasma sintering is used for re-processing.