Thermal Sensibility Research Articles

Thermal Sensibility Analysis of Photoelectric Dark Current

Thermal Sensibility Analysis of Photoelectric Dark Current

Effect of summer temperature on prolonged diapause of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) under realistic field conditions

To face recurrent temperature changes, tettigoniids inhabiting temperate climates overwinter as eggs in a diapause stage, being able to postpone embryogenesis for one or more years. To date, it is unclear if species living in warm regions, especially under the Mediterranean climate, could exhibit a diapause for a single year or enter a prolonged diapause due to higher summer temperatures experienced by eggs immediately after oviposition. In this two-year study, we tested the effect of summer temperatures on diapause of six Mediterranean tettigoniid species under natural field conditions. We found that five species can exhibit a facultative diapause depending on mean summer temperatures. For two species, a substantial shift in egg development from 50 to 90% occurred over an interval of c. 1 °C after the first summer period. All the species increased considerably their development (nearly 90%) after the second summer period irrespective of temperatures. Overall, this study suggests that diapause strategy and the different thermal sensibility of embryonic development varies considerably across species potentially affecting their population dynamics.

Evaluation of Processing Conditions in the Performance of Purging Compounds for Polypropylene Injection Molding

Purging is a fundamental process in the injection molding sector, aiding in color transition, material shifts, and the removal of contaminants. The purging compounds can be classified according to physical or chemical mechanisms and are affected by processing parameters, such as temperature, pressure, or soaking period. Despite some studies on the effect of processing parameters in purging action, an analysis of the rheological behavior and physico-chemical changes is still required for a deeper understanding of this type of system. This study explored shear viscosity, activation energy behavior in the torque rheometer, injection molding process, and energy consumption for two polyolefin-based purging compounds: one on polypropylene (PP) and another on polyethylene (PE). The results showed that the PP-based compound is a highly viscous material with low thermal sensibility and low energy consumption. The PE-based chemical compound, which includes an expanding and scrubbing agent, presented higher thermal sensitivity. Lower purging times and specific energy consumption were observed for the mechanical purge regardless of the processing temperature in the injection molding machine. However, torque and specific total mechanical energy differed due to viscosity and possible filler particle agglomeration. These findings demonstrated the influence of processing temperature on rheology and performance. Nonetheless, further studies regarding pressure, soaking time, and rheological modeling are recommended.

ID:16203 Brachial Plexus Stimulation for Refractory Neuropathic Upper Limb Pain in a Traumatic Brain Injury Patient

Chronic upper limb pain is a common issue among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It usually presents with characteristics resembling central neuropathic pain including allodynia, hyperalgesia, and loss of thermal sensibility. TBI patients are also at an increased risk for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and approximately 12-30% suffer from CRPS. Pain is often poorly localized and unilateral, involving the more affected side with regards to motor and sensory functions. It is not only difficult to diagnose but also challenging to treat, and many cases of chronic neuropathic pain remain refractory to medical treatments.

Regenerative endodontic procedures for two traumatized mature anterior teeth with transverse root fractures

BackgroundRegenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are an alternative treatment in immature traumatized teeth with necrotic pulp/apical periodontitis. However, this procedure has been infrequently reported in multiple transverse root fractures of mature teeth. This case report describes management of a patient with multiple horizontal root fractures in 2 maxillary central incisors that were successfully treated with REPs.Case presentationA 17-year-old girl had a history of traumatic injury to mature teeth 11 and tooth 21 resulting in multiple transverse root fractures. Clinical examination showed that both teeth responded to electric and thermal pulp sensibility tests with prolonged severe pain and were tender to percussion and palpation. Periapical radiographic examination showed both teeth were fully developed and had multiple transverse fractures in the mid-root. The pulp diagnosis was consistent with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. REPs were initiated with only the coronal fragments treated to preserve pulp vitality in the apical fragment for potential pulp tissue regeneration. After REPs, clinical signs/symptoms subsided, and the two teeth were followed for 48 months when cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging was also undertaken. At the last review, the case demonstrated root fractures healing with calcified tissue and pulp calcification in the apical fragments. Both teeth were stable and in function.ConclusionsREPs have the potential to be used to treat traumatized and symptomatic mature permanent teeth that have sustained transverse root fractures.

Silk fibroin-Yb3+/Er3+:YAG composite films and their thermometric applications based on up-conversion luminescence

Silk Fibroin (SF) is a well-known protein, and has been employed in the development of diverse advanced materials for applications on medical and biological field, drug delivery systems and, also, in the electronic and photonic area. In addition, the up-conversion emission process could be proposed in fibroin-based materials and becomes a challenge for the photonic field based on biocompatible devices obtained from fibroin. To avoid the unwanted upconversion (UC) quenching process, herein, lanthanide ions were used as sensitizer and emitters ions, and them was incorporated into an inorganic particle obtained from spray pyrolysis synthesis. Specifically, we have obtained Yb3+ and Er3+ ions doped YAG (Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, Y3Al5O12) spherical submicrometric particles, without spurious phases. All samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and photoluminescence. The spectroscopic studies showed an intense UC emission from Er3+ ions. Furthermore, looking for the development of a new fibroin composite which should be used as sensor or smart ink, we inserted the YAG particles in SF, and a new flexible composite film with controlled amounts of particles and tuned transmittance behavior was obtained. Finally, it was confirmed the characteristic luminescent behavior (as UC emission) of the particles in the composite films. As the emitters levels (2H11/2 and 4S3/2) from Er3+ ions are thermally coupled, all materials (particles and films) were exploited as luminescent thermometer, and data confirmed the thermal sensibility comparable to other systems based on Yb3+/Er3+ ions.

Improving the Phenotypic Properties of the Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Temperature-Sensitive Lethal Genetic Sexing Strain in Support of Sterile Insect Technique Applications.

The genetic sexing strain (GSS) of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)) Vienna 8D53− is based on a male-linked translocation system and uses two selectable markers for male-only production, the white pupae (wp) and the temperature sensitivity lethal (tsl) genes. In this GSS, males emerge from brown pupae and are resistant to high temperatures while females emerge from white pupae, are sensitive to high temperatures. However, double homozygous females (wp tsl/wp tsl) exhibit a slower development rate compared to heterozygous males (wp+tsl+/wp tsl) during the larval stage, which was attributed to the pleiotropic effects of the tsl gene. We present the first evidence that this slower development is due to a different gene, here namely slow development (sd), which is closely linked to the tsl gene. Taking advantage of recombination phenomena between the two loci, we report the isolation of a novel temperature sensitivity lethal strain using the wp mutation as a morphological marker, which showed faster development (wp tsl FD) during the larval stage and increased in its temperature sensitivity compared with the normal tsl strain. Moreover, the introgression of this novel wp tsl FD combined trait into the Vienna 8D53− GSS, resulted in a novel Vienna 8D53− FD GSS, where females showed differences in the thermal sensibility, larval development speed, and productivity profiles. The modification of these traits and their impact on the mass rearing of the GSS for sterile insect technique applications are discussed.

The Influence of Hypothermia on Purinergic Synaptic Modulation in the Rat Diaphragm

The pre- and postsynaptic effects of ATP on thermal sensibility in the diaphragm of the rat have been studied. It has been found that reduction in the bath temperatute from 37 to 22°С provokes a decrease in contractile force of diaphragm caused both by electrical stimulation and carbachol. At 37°C adding ATP to the incubation medium increases contractive activity of the diaphragm caused both by electrical stimulation and carbachol. These effects of ATP persist at lower temperatures, but are more prominent in carbachol-induced contractions. It is assumed that the thermosensitive component of purine modulation is located mostly postsynaptically in the diaphragm of the rat.

Prediction Model of Thermal Thawing Sensibility and Thaw Depth for Permafrost Embankment along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor Using MODIS Data

The aim of this paper was to reveal the distribution law of permafrost thermal thawing sensibility and thaw depth caused by road construction in Qinghai-Tibet engineering corridor (QTEC). The prediction models of permafrost thermal thawing sensibility and thaw depth have been developed by incorporating the MODIS and in situ soil temperature observation data. The comprehensive earth-atmosphere-coupled numerical models of different embankment structures have been utilized to calculate the thaw depth of the underlying permafrost foundation. Finally, using the given data and above developed prediction models, the distribution maps of permafrost thermal thawing sensibility and thaw depth in QTEC are obtained by grid calculation. The results show the following: (1) Insensitive permafrost of QTEC mainly distributes in the large-scale mountain and high latitude area, and highly sensitive permafrost is located in the perennial river bed, flood plain, and terrace regions. (2) Road construction has a strong thermal disturbance to underlying permafrost, and the proportion of large thaw depth area of separate embankment is obviously smaller than that of 26 m full-width embankment. (3) Increase of subgrade interval reduces the proportion of large thaw depth areas, and the application of separate embankment structure is an effective engineering means for the Qinghai-Tibet expressway.

Pressurized GRAS solvents for the green extraction of phenolic compounds from hibiscus sabdariffa calyces

An environmental friendly extraction procedure has been tested to extract phenolic compounds from H. sabdariffa calyces using pressurized GRAS solvents. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was performed to evaluate the influence of the main operational conditions: temperature (40–200 °C) and solvent composition based on aqueous hidroalcoholic solutions (0–100% ethanol). Phenolic composition of experimental extracts analyzed by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS showed that higher temperatures and greater ethanol percentages drove to solvents with lower dielectric constants, which resulted in extracts with major quantities of phenolic compounds. An exception was the extraction of cyanidin-3-sambubioside that could only be quantified in extracts performed at the lowest temperature (40 °C) due to its thermal sensibility. In addition, a RSM was carried out with the aim to maximize the extraction of total phenolic content. To this end, the predicted optimal extraction conditions by RSM were 200 °C and 100% (v/v) of ethanol. Results showed that temperature and ethanol percentage had a significant influence on the extraction of total phenolic compounds (p value < 0.05). The mathematical model pointed out 200 °C of temperature and 100% of ethanol as the optimum conditions to perform the isolation of phenolic compounds by means of pressurized GRAS solvents.

530-P: Longitudinal Characterization of Peripheral Neuropathy in a Cafeteria Diet and Low-Dose Streptozotocin Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a major complication of diabetes with complex and incompletely understood pathophysiology. We utilised a cafeteria-style diet (Caf) and low dose streptozotocin (STZ) to model varying degrees of hyperglycemia. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control (chow diet), prediabetic (Caf diet for 21 weeks), diet reversal (13 weeks Caf diet then 8 weeks chow; all n=12) and type 2 diabetic (T2D - Caf+STZ 25mg/kg i.p, n=24). STZ was administered after 5 weeks of diet; one week later, non-fasted blood glucose was 16.09 ± 1.19 [SEM] and 78% of T2D rats had glucose levels ≥10mmol/L. Metabolic phenotyping revealed significantly increased body weight, fat mass, fasting blood HDL cholesterol, plasma insulin and impaired glucose tolerance in both prediabetic and T2D rats compared to controls; fasting glucose and HbA1c were significantly elevated only in T2D. Neuropathy phenotyping included sensory behavioural testing (thermal and mechanical nociceptive sensibility) and electrophysiology (nerve conduction studies and nerve excitability) which were assessed at two timepoints, early (8-11 weeks of diet) and late (17-19 weeks of diet). Nerve excitability abnormalities were present in prediabetes and T2D groups at the early stage (superexcitability p&amp;lt;0.05) while changes in nerve conduction velocity and amplitude emerged later. Mechanical and thermal hypoalgesia was observed in prediabetic and T2D rats only at the late stage. Diet reversal improved body weight, fat mass, HDL, HbA1c, glucose clearance and mechanical nociception response, with no changes in nerve conduction and excitability. Together these data suggest that Caf diet combined with low dose STZ could be utilized to investigate the onset of neuropathological changes in T2D and assessment of subsequent peripheral neuropathy. Disclosure M. Hossain: None. M.D. Kendig: None. B.M. Wild: None. M.J. Morris: None. R. Arnold: None. Funding National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (1126929, 1091006); Rebecca L. Cooper Foundation (RG160627)

Antinociceptive and genotoxic assessments of the antagonist TRPV1 receptor SB-366791 on morphine-induced tolerance in mice.

Chronic pain is mainly treated with opioid analgesics such as morphine. However, the use of these substances can cause adverse effects, including dependence and tolerance, necessitating the discovery of a new approach to analgesic therapies. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is linked to thermal sensibility and has been considered as a new therapeutic option for pain treatment. This study aims to investigate the antinociceptive effect and toxicity of SB-366791, a TRPV1 antagonist. Morphine-tolerant and morphine non-tolerant Swiss mice were submitted to the hot plate and thermal tail flick tests. Toxicological evaluations of the genotoxic and mutagenic activities of SB-366791 were assessed using a comet assay and micronucleus test, and the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay. In the hot plate test, intrathecal injection of SB-366791 or morphine resulted in significantly increased antinociception in non-tolerant mice. SB-366791 also led to an analgesic effect in the tail flick test. Tolerant mice that received SB-366791 demonstrated a central antinociceptive effect in both thermal tests. No genotoxic effects were observed in the comet assay and no mutagenic effects were detected in the micronucleus test or in the Salmonella/microsome assay. Behavioral results of the thermal nociception tests show that SB-366791 has antinociceptive potential in both morphine-tolerant and non-tolerant mice and does not cause genotoxic or mutagenic effects. Nevertheless, new studies should be performed to clarify the activity and participation of vanilloid channels in the antinociception of SB-366791.

Optical temperature sensor based on Sm3+ emissions in a fluorotellurite glass

Abstract The temperature dependence of the visible luminescence of a fluorotellurite glass doped with 2.5 mol% of Sm3+ ions was studied in order to use it as a high temperature sensing probe. For this purpose, the emission intensities of the levels from 4G5/2 to 6HJ (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2, 11/2) transitions were measured in a temperature range from 300 up to 650 K. The changes in the emission profiles were calibrated by means of the fluorescence intensity ratio technique. The maximum temperature value obtained for the thermal sensibility was 640 K which is in the range of other matrix glasses. The calibration curve was done by fitting the intensity ratio between the different peak emissions. Finally, a schematic design for the Sm3+ optical temperature sensor is presented and the calculations of the sensitivity have been obtained. In addition, the fluorotellurite glass has been structural characterized by SEM-EDX, Raman Spectroscopy and XRD in order to infer the local environment of Sm3+ ions. Furthermore, the Judd-Ofelt parameters have been calculated from the absorption spectra and derived branching ratios and transition probabilities have been computed as well.

Chemotherapy Sensitizes Therapy-Resistant Cells to Mild Hyperthermia by Suppressing Heat Shock Protein 27 Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a clinically aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Conventional chemotherapeutics are generally able to shrink the tumor mass, but often fail to completely eradicate cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) that are responsible for high risk of relapse and frequent metastases. In this study, we examined thermal sensibility of CSCs, developed an approach that enabled concurrent elimination of both the bulk of cancer cells and CSCs, and investigated the underlying mechanism.Experimental Design: We designed a platform consisting of gold nanoparticle-coated porous silicon microparticle (AuPSM) that was also loaded with docetaxel micelles (mDTXs) to enable concurrent killing of the bulk of cancer cells by released mDTX and CSCs by mild hyperthermia upon stimulation of AuPSM with near infrared. In addition, we examined the role of heat shock proteins in sensitizing CSC killing. Finally, we applied mDTX-loaded AuPSM to treat mice with SUM159 and 4T1 orthotopic tumors and evaluated tumor growth and tumor metastasis.Results: MDA-MB-231 and SUM159 TNBC cells treated with mDTX-loaded AuPSM and mild hyperthermia displayed significantly reduced efficiencies in mammosphere formation than those treated with mDTX alone or mild hyperthermia alone. Combination treatment also completely inhibited SUM159 orthotopic tumor growth and 4T1 tumor metastasis. Mechanistically, DTX treatment suppressed expression of heat shock protein 27 in cancer cells including the CSCs, rendering cells sensitive to mild hyperthermia.Conclusions: Our results indicate that chemotherapy sensitizes CSC to mild hyperthermia. We have developed an effective therapeutic approach to eliminate therapy-resistant cells in TNBC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4900-12. ©2018 AACR.

The Horizontal Root Fractures. Diagnosis, Clinical Management and Three-Year Follow-Up.

Objective:The aim of this retrospective analysis is to describe and to evaluate the middle third horizontal root fractures, long term clinical management results and to estimate the effect of treatments factors upon healing and survival rate.Methods:Our clinical study included 42 patients presenting a middle third horizontal root fracture in permanent dentition. For each patient at t0 the parameters recorded were: diastasis, mobility, sensibility, periodontal inflammation, pulpal pathology, associated fracture and dislocation of the coronal fragment. The follow-up was performed after 6 (t1), 12 (t2) and 36 (t3) months after the trauma, both clinically and radiologically. Clinical examination, vitality tests and a radiological evaluation (periapical x-ray) were performed.Results:At t0 it was observed: diastasis (14, 3%), mobility (28, 6%), thermal sensibility (61, 9%), periodontal inflammation (4, 8%), pulpal pathology (38, 1%) and dislocation of the coronal fragment (47, 6%) of the patients. The treatment plan started with the coronal fragment repositioning and the blockage (splint) with the adjacent teeth in 47, 6% of cases.A root canal treatment was performed at t0 in 52,4% of the fractured teeth. Statistical analysis showed the highest level of significance between pulpal lesions (t0) and associated fractures. The mobility, sensibility and pulpar lesions parameters, showed a reduction in relation to the follow up timing, with a main variation remarkably evident between t0 and t1. The ratio between observation time and the presence of diastasis was statistically significant.Conclusion:The analysis of the clinical results exhibits the high success rate of a conservative approach in the treatment of teeth fractured in the middle third of the root.

Deficient Pain Modulation in Patients with Chronic Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain.

Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) following stroke significantly affects the individual's function and quality of life. The mechanism of HSP is not clearly understood; hence, it is unclear why HSP resolves spontaneously or following routine care in some patients, while in others it becomes persistent. The aim was therefore to study whether HSP is associated with deficient pain modulation. Thirty post-stroke patients-16 with HSP and 14 without HSP-and 20 matched controls participated. Pain adaptation and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) were measured as indicators of pain modulation, in the affected (hemiplegic) and contralateral shoulder as well as in the affected shin among post-stroke patients, and in comparable body regions among controls. Post-stroke patients also underwent functional and physical evaluation of the shoulder. Pain adaptation was absent among HSP patients, in both the painful shoulder and the affected shin, but existed in the 2 control groups. In addition, the affected shoulder and shin among the HSP group had reduced thermal sensibility compared to the contralateral regions. CPM was similar across groups. Shoulder functional status and physical status were similar for the 2 post-stroke groups. The results suggest that HSP is associated with a lack of pain adaptation, characteristic not only of the painful shoulder but also of the affected side. Although we cannot determine whether lack of pain adaptation precedes the HSP or results from it, interventions that enhance descending pain inhibition may improve management and prevent HSP chronification.

Long Lasting Disease: Leprosy

There are several infectious diseases from ancient times to which people got affected, suffered and died too. Leprosy can be regarded as the most infectious, transmittable and long lasting disease among all infectious diseases. The other name of leprosy is Hansen’s disease which was named after the physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen. The first causative agent of leprosy disease in humans is Mycobacterium leprae (M. Leprae) which has identified by microscopy technique. It is a rod-shaped gram-positive acid fast bacterium. The phenolic glycolipid 1 is the glycolipid material present in cell wall of this bacterium which generally shows immunological specificity in M. leprae. Survival of this acid fast bacterium in the host cell depends on the cell wall structure. Mycobacterium lepromatosis is a newly emerged leprosy-causing organism. It is emerging day by day as one of the major infectious diseases all over the world including developing countries. It is estimated that approximately 90% of the population develop protective immunity towards this disease, and, therefore, do not get sick after getting effected with this leprosy. Genetic and environmental factors are playing vital role in leprosy infection. The main symptoms are skin sores, bumps or lumps that will never go away after several weeks or months and which will become permanent if untreated foe a long time. It will mainly affect skin region. We cannot treat leprosy as a highly infectious disease. It is probably transmitting through droplets from the mouth and nose during close and frequent contacts with untreated patients. These bacteria mainly infect skin macrophages and Schwann cells in peripheral nerves. The involvement of autonomic fibers causes alteration in glandular functions. It will lead to dry mucous membrane and dry skin and which is responsible for the loss of tactile, thermal and pain sensibility. Incubation period of leprosy is usually two to four years with major manifestations. The Semmes-Weinstein technique is a widely used technique to evaluate plantar sensibility. Multi drug therapy (MDT) and early diagnosis are the key elements in eliminating the leprosy disease as a concern of public health. The ultimate aim is the development of a prophylactic vaccine, to protect against both drug-resistant and drug-susceptible strains. However, immunoprophylaxis for the leprosy disease continues to be largely speculative. The research in the area of leprosy remains an active area of scientific research.

Distinct environmental enrichment protocols reduce anxiety but differentially modulate pain sensitivity in rats

Environmental enrichment (EE) can alter anxiety as well as perception of nociceptive stimuli, suggesting a relationship between well-being and analgesia. Considering that, we aimed to evaluate the influence of different EE types on anxiety and peripheral pain sensitivity of male Wistar rats. Animals were submitted to two different types of EE: On the first one, animals were housed in standard size cages after weaning and received three different objects, one type per week, on a regular basis (simple EE – sEE). On the second one, animals were born in an already enriched environment and, after five weeks, were housed in larger cages and received five different objects, three of each type per week, on a regular basis (improved EE – iEE). Control group remained in standard cages and did not receive objects. Within 7 weeks of life, anxiety and thermal sensibility were evaluated using elevated plus maze and tail flick tests, respectively. Mechanical hyperalgesia was analyzed in the presence of acute and chronic noxious stimuli by paw pressure test. Both EE protocols tested were effective in diminish anxiety but they did not alter thermal sensibility. On the other hand, sEE protocol did not alter acute and chronic induced mechanical hypersensitivity, whereas iEE completely abolished such pain behavior, even without exercise wheel as part of the enrichment. Our results show that specific parameters (anxiety and pain sensitivity) can be differentially modulated depending on EE protocol used, making possible the implementation of welfare to experimental animals in pain research.

Early detection of neuropathy in leprosy: a comparison of five tests for field settings

BackgroundEarly detection and treatment of neuropathy in leprosy is important to prevent disabilities. A recent study showed that the Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) and Warm Detection Thresholds (WDT) tests can detect leprosy neuropathy the earliest. These two tests are not practical under field conditions, however, because they require climate-controlled rooms and highly trained staff and are expensive. We assessed the usefulness of alternative test methods and their sensitivity and specificity to detect neuropathy at an early stage.MethodsThrough a literature search we identified five alternative devices that appeared user-friendly, more affordable, portable and/or battery-operated: the Neuropad®, Vibratip™, NC-Stat®DPNCheck™, NeuroQuick and the Thermal Sensibility Tester (TST), assessing respectively sweat function, vibration sensation, nerve conduction, cold sensation and warm sensation. In leprosy patients in Bangladesh, the posterior tibial and sural nerves that tested normal for the monofilament test and voluntary muscle test were assessed with the NCS and WDT as reference standard tests. The alternative devices were then tested on 94 nerves with abnormal WDT and/or NCS results and on 94 unaffected nerves. Sensitivity and specificity were the main outcomes.ResultsThe NeuroQuick and the TST showed very good sensitivity and specificity. On the sural nerve, the NeuroQuick had both a sensitivity and a specificity of 86%. The TST had a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 82%. Both the NC-Stat®DPNCheck™ and Vibratip™ had a high specificity (88% and 100%), but a low sensitivity (16% and 0%). On the posterior tibial nerve, the NeuroQuick and the TST also showed good sensitivity, but the sensitivity was lower than for the sural nerve. The Neuropad® had a sensitivity of 56% and a specificity of 61%.ConclusionsThe NeuroQuick and TST are good candidates for further field-testing for reliability and reproducibility. The feasibility of production on a larger scale should be examined.

Thermal sensing with CdTe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

An experimental methodology is presented to measure the temperature variation in cells with the usage of CdTe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots as nanothermometers. The photoluminescence spectral shifts from the endocytosed quantum dots were measured and analyzed to show heat generation in the human umbilical vein endothelial cell following Ca2+ stress. Cytotoxicity evaluation has demonstrated the CdTe/CdS/ZnS QDs are biocompatible to cells. The measured data show that the thermal sensibility of the core/shell/shell nanocrystals has been calibrated and has a linear correlation of 0.16 nm °C-1 along with temperature variation. The photoluminescence spectral shift of QD uptake in the cell indicates a thermogenesis of 3.125 °C.