System Of Thermal Power Plant Research Articles

Real Time System Based Monitoring of Turbine Parameters and Protection System in Thermal Power Plant

Currently in thermal power plant the turbine system parameters like temperature, speed, lubrication oil level and vibrations can be monitored by using the MATLAB. If any problem occurs in the turbine parameters, that can be controlled manually and the protection system is based on the relay mechanism which causes failure in the action of switch. In the proposed system, the drawbacks are eliminated with the support of high speed embedded processor. Real Time processor can be easily altered according to the ports and number of devices can also be connected. The parameters in the turbine system can be measured, monitored and controlled automatically. The parameters variations can be graphically represented by using the LabVIEW.

Determining the reliability function of the thermal power system in power plant "Nikola Tesla, Block B1"

Representation of probabilistic technique for evaluation of thermal power system reliability is the main subject of this paper. The system of thermal power plant under study consists of three subsystems and the reliability assessment is based on a sixteen-year failure database. By applying the mathematical theory of reliability to exploitation research data and using complex two-parameter Weibull distribution, the theoretical reliability functions of specified system have been determined. Obtained probabilistic laws of failure occurrence have confirmed a hypothesis that the distribution of the observed random variable fully describes behaviour of such a system in terms of reliability. Shown results make possible to acquire a better knowledge of current state of the system, as well as a more accurate estimation of its behavior during future exploitation. Final benefit is opportunity for potential improvement of complex system maintenance policies aimed at the reduction of unexpected failure occurrences.

Artificial neural networking and fuzzy logic exergy controlling model of combined heat and power system in thermal power plant

This paper presents entropy generation minimisation model of combined heat and power system. The turbine control valves and heater throttle valves were analysed. The high-pressure control valves regulate the mass flow rate of steam into the turbine, whereas the intermediate-pressure and low-pressure control valves the steam pressure of the turbine extracts 3 and 5. The steam of the turbine extracts 3 and 5 is used for the city-wide heating system purposes by means of the peak and basic heaters. The quantity of the extracted steam used for the city-wide heating system is additionally controlled by the throttles regulating the extracted steam into the basic or peak heater. This results in a double throttling of the extracted steam of the turbine, double generated entropy and a double loss of work. If adequate pressure of the extracted steam of the turbines is maintained by means of the turbine control valves the two heaters for the heating system could operate with the throttles open. As a result, the generated entropy of the throttles of the steam admitted to the heater could be avoided and the amount of generated entropy of the turbine control valves reduced.

Application of Dry Fog Dust Suppression Technology in the Coal Conveyer Belt System of Thermal Power Plants

In order to solve the problem of serious dust and difficult to control in coal conveyer belt without tissue in a thermal power plant of Shanxi, this paper introduces the principle of dry fog dust suppression technology, apparatus components, advantages and disadvantages and the application in a thermal power plant. Determination of dust concentration when the dry fog dust suppression work or does not work. Data show that the rate of dry fog dust suppression is generally greater than 80%, the dust concentration is less than 10 mg/m3, especially the suppression effect on small particles of less than 10 μm dust is obvious. Practice shows that dust has been effectively suppressed and it has a good application prospect, when this technology and device are applied.

Effect of Solid Fuel Mineral Composition on the Formation of Sour Pulp in Hydro-Slug Removal System of Thermal Power Plants

<p>Researches have been conducted into the causes of acidity of pulp formed in the system of circulating hydraulic ash and slag removal in thermal power plants (TPP) when using coals of Ekibastuz and Karaganda coal fields of the Republic of Kazakhstan. We have carried out a comparative study of combustion of Karazhyra and Maikube coals at the two RK TPPs with BKZ-75-39FB and BKZ-160-100FB steam boilers. For ash collection, wet ash collectors with remounted Venturi tube coagulators have been installed on TPP. In them, a chemical interaction of irrigating water with flue gases occurs, which include CO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>3</sub> and ash particles. The ash pulp formed moves to the pipeline, mixes with the slag pulp and is further transported along a tract to the ash dump. We have defined the relationship between the composition of the products of coal combustion and the formation of acidic pulp in the scrubber. Qualitative and quantitative composition of coals and their combustion products have been determined by the methods of X-ray and X-ray fluorescence analysis. As the analysis showed, the main components of ash and slag materials are the oxides SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, CaO, MgO, K<sub>2</sub>О, Na<sub>2</sub>O. In the wet ash collectors gaseous substances present in flue gases, are dissolved and hydrolysed in irrigating water. While hydroremoving ash and slag, the compounds are dissolved in water and undergo hydrolysis. Oxides SiO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> are hydrolyzed into acid, oxides CaO, MgO, K<sub>2</sub>O and Na<sub>2</sub>O – into base, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3 </sub>– into amphoteric compounds. Chemical analysis of ash and slag pulp formed after Karazhyra coal combustion has been carried out. Calculation of the acidity of ash and slag material has been performed. Karazhyra coal ash is more acidic in nature. A lower content of amphoteric oxides in Maikube coal appears to be the cause of the pulp formation, with a higher pH. With X-ray diffraction method, the nature of combinations of metal oxides in the samples of coal, slag and ash have been determined. </p>

English

The perception of this paper based on a project done for adjusting and monitoring of fuel supply in power plant boilers using LabVIEW. For power generation, in thermal power plant system water is converted to steam and the steam is send it to the high pressure turbine in order to rotate the shaft then the power has been produced. The Natural Gas (Methane, CH4) is used as more reliable fuel for boilingthe water. The fuel supply is controlled by using Programmable Logical Controller (PLC) mechanism. The proposed method has implemented using LabVIEW for monitoring and controlling the fuel supply for increasing the fuel efficiency and safety. Fuel Supply System (FSS) has modeled in LabVIEW for easy access of the system. The communication between the LabVIEW and PLC is done by using Object Linking and Embedding for Process Control (OPC) server software. This proposed method the natural gas is controlled and energize, two boilers and one pilot's gun is used for ignition.

Independent component analysis approach for fault diagnosis of condenser system in thermal power plant

A statistical signal processing technique was proposed and verified as independent component analysis (ICA) for fault detection and diagnosis of industrial systems without exact and detailed model. Actually, the aim is to utilize system as a black box. The system studied is condenser system of one of MAPNA’s power plants. At first, principal component analysis (PCA) approach was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the real acquired data set and to identify the essential and useful ones. Then, the fault sources were diagnosed by ICA technique. The results show that ICA approach is valid and effective for faults detection and diagnosis even in noisy states, and it can distinguish main factors of abnormality among many diverse parts of a power plant’s condenser system. This selectivity problem is left unsolved in many plants, because the main factors often become unnoticed by fault expansion through other parts of the plants.

Research and Application of Intelligent Control Technology for Main Steam Temperature Regulation in Ultra-Supercritical Thermal Power Plants

Main steam temperature regulation is one of the most demanded control loop in modulating control system of thermal power plant. According to the characteristics of main steam temperature, an intelligent control technology has been proposed. To eliminate lag and inertia in main steam temperature regulation process, the intelligent control technology integrates several advanced algorithms. The application effects in several ultra-supercritical thermal power plants prove that the control technology has outstanding robustness and excellent adaptability in both variable load and steady state condition.

A Study of Visual Wireless Control System Based on MCU in Power Plants

The traditional digital control system generally adopted wired communication, and the operator panel and display system were usually separate, thus having adverse effect on production efficiency. In this study, a wireless visual control system based on microcontroller unit (MCU) was designed, which included a wireless router, a USB webcam, ATmega8L MCU, MG995 servo, and C # language development. This system not only achieved the goals of visual monitoring and control of industrial production by integrating the control panel and display system, but could also improve production and save the cost of industrial energy consumption. The system has been applied in energy-saving control system of thermal power plants.

Research on Continuous Emission Monitoring System in Thermal Power Plant

The system aims to collect reliable emission data in real time, provide the operator with real-time emission parameters, and guide the optimization of unit operation and control of pollutants in flue gas emissions. One kind of continuous emission monitoring system is designed based on PROFIBUS-DP protocol in power plant, the architecture of system is presented and the principle is described in detail.

Exergetic Analysis of a Solar Thermal Power Plant

The study of heat loss and exergy loss distribution in the power plant system plays a very important role in improving the efficiency of the system. In this paper, a dynamic simulation model of the 5MW solar thermal power system is established. Then, the simulation test with the actual data in a solar thermal power plant is carried out, and we analyze the heat and the exergy loss of the system. The results show that, the heat loss of the condenser is the largest, up to 72%. To increase the thermal efficiency of the system, the energy-saving research for the condenser should be pay attention to. The solar collector field has the most of exergy loss in the system, accounting for approximately 89%. From the exergy efficiency perspective, the solar collector system has huge potential for energy- saving. The thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency of a solar thermal power plant system increases as the load increases, full-load operation of the unit should be maintained as much as possible.

Optimization of the Cold-End System of the 1000MW Ultra-Supercritical Units by VB

The cold-end system of steam turbine is an important auxiliary system in thermal power plant, its operating mode has a direct impact on the output of the unit and auxiliary power. This paper uses an optimization analysis method to calculate the cold-end system of a 1000MW ultra-supercritical(USC) unit, and establishes a cold-end optimization system by using VB6.0 for a domestic ultra-supercritical unit, which provides an online guide for the operator by calculating the condenser. The results show that this system can provide some guidance for unit operation.

Modified Method for Reliability Evaluation of Condensation Thermal Electric Power Plant

Present methods for forecasting and evaluation of thermal power plants reliability were based on appliance of statistics and probability calcu lation related to strength and in the same time lean ing on modern methods for deterministic project-constructive calculations of elements, subsystems and systems. Applying the advantages of modern directions in system reengineering and structural or RCM (Reliability Centered Maintenance) way of using the best methods in reliability analysis of complex systems, the block diagram of mod ified method for basis referential 300 MW block has been created. As a starting database, the results of research of basic configurations of thermal power p lants for solid fuel Ug ljev ik and Gacko with nominal referential power of 300 MW were used. For other facilities inside thermal power p lants witch no minal power differs fro m 300 MW, recalcu lation of reliability indicators has to be carried out. Whereat the simple emp irical relation in dependence of previously determined reliability indicator for 300 MW system is used so as the exponent determined on basis of statistical data processing from the exp loitation during the lifespan of the power plant. The method is of the iterative nature and is about to be terminated as the starting hypothesis related to matching of results of the forecasting and real exploitation results affirms. The research related for suggested modified method gave several relat ively new results which are presented inside the paper. The result represents the algorithm of modified method for evaluation of reliability of referential thermal power plant system and its modificat ion aiming to include thermal power plants of other nominal powers.

Structural Engineering Challenges in Structures for Cooling Water System in Thermal Power Plant

Abstract Water is one of the most important resource requirements in thermal power plant for process cooling in the condenser, ash disposal, cooling of plant auxiliaries and various other plant consumptive uses. Cooling water requirement in a thermal power plant is a major water resource issue for project feasibility as it has tremendous effect on the surrounding environment, population, animal and aquatic life. In a thermal power plant, Cooling Water system is one of the most important power plant systems which ensure continuous supply of cooling water for steam condensation in condenser and other plant equipment. Power plants are key elements of national infrastructure and eco-friendly solutions are required for commitment to the society. With a thrust on use of non-agricultural land as well as potential for importing coal through sea, the power plants are now being developed along the coastal lines, where water is available in abundance. The cooling process can be done either through air or with use of water and both have its merits and demerits. With increased power demand, the sizes of power plant units have increased substantially as compared with previous decades. This has further called for large structures and has imposed many engineering challenges for a power plant engineer. From civil and structural engineering perspective, the CW system involves very large water conveying and retaining structures namely cooling towers, intake and discharge channels, forebay, large underground sump, pump station for housing of large cooling water pumps, large piping between cooling tower and condenser, etc. In order to reduce the capital and running cost of the plant, thrust on economical design is emphasized. This imposes an additional constraint for engineer and it demands meticulous analysis and design to provide optimum techno-commercial solution. The present study describes various types of CW systems, structures and associated engineering challenges faced by structural engineer.

Effect of Step-Change Radiation Flux on Dynamic Characteristics in Tower Solar Cavity Receiver

The heat flux on the inner surface of the tower solar thermal power plant system will show the characteristics of noncontinuous step change, especially in nonnormal and transient weather conditions, which may result in a continuous dynamic variation of the characteristic parameters. Therefore, the research of dynamic characteristics plays a very important role in the operation and the control safely in solar cavity receiver system. In this paper, based on the noncontinuous step change of radiation flux, a non-linear dynamic model is constructed to obtain the effects of the non-continuous step change radiation flux and step change feed water flow on the receiver performance by sequential modular approach. The subject investigated in our study is a 1 MW solar power station constructed in Yanqing county, Beijing, China. This study has obtained the dynamic responses of the characteristic parameters in the cavity receiver such as drum pressure, drum water level, main steam flow, and main steam enthalpy under step change radiation flux. And the influence of step-change feed water flow to the dynamic characteristics has also been analyzed. The results could provide general guidance for security operation and control in solar cavity receiver system.

Adaptive Predictive Functional Control with Similar PI Structure using Unstructured System Identification Based on Laguerre Functions

In this paper, unstructured system identification algorithm based on orthonormal Laguerre functions is combined with predictive functional control such that similar classical PI controller is constructed. Lack of mathematical model and initial information about process is not a restriction for mentioned algorithm and unstructured system identification based on Laguerre functions can overcome these restrictions. Augmenting new state variables to system state space, a new algorithm is constructed. This algorithm has similar structure with classical PI controller and in predictive control’s cost function, in addition to tracking error, system states is utilized, that leads to improve controller dynamical performance. This new algorithm is simulated on the superheated steam temperature system in thermal power plant. Simulation results show capabilities of this algorithm.

A Development of Intelligent Dry Dust Removal Equipment for Coal and Ash Handling System of Thermal Power Plant

Chinese energy structure is nowadays dominated by thermal power plants, while coal production and consumption are huge with large amount of water consumption and massive dust produce. Energy saving, water conservation and environmental protection have to be carried on. An intelligent dry dust removal equipment is developed, witch is driven by compressed air, jet Venturi tube is drawing air ash and coal dust on the ground, a cyclone separating filter is collecting the dust, second level collection is the cloth filter, SO2 and CO2 filtration and purification are from solid adsorbent filter at outlet. It realizes zero water consumption and emission for handling the dry dust. The intelligent dry dust removal device is more energy saving, flexibility and easy to use.

Energy Consumption Analysis of Coal-Fired Power Plant with CO<sub>2</sub> Capture System Based on Solar Energy

To the question of high energy consumption and cost about coal-fired power plant CO2emission,this paper from the coupling mechanism research of solar energy collection system,amidogen CO2emission reduction system and coal-fired power plant thermal system ,as well as systematic integration and optimization ,and then based on equivalent heat drop method ,It analyses the thermal economy changes about this new type integration system at THA, 75% THA, 50% THA conditions corresponding to the different carbon capture rate of the four programs .Finally,it works out the unit thermal economy variation tendency at different rate of carbon capture,its thermal economy relative degree increase if capture rate increase .On this basis ,this paper optimizes the integration system in order to achieve low power consumption, low cost of CO2 emissions for reference.

Exergetic analysis and performance evaluation of parabolic trough concentrating solar thermal power plant (PTCSTPP)

Energetic and exergetic analysis has been carried out for the components of the solar thermal power plant system (parabolic trough collector/receiver and Rankine heat engine). The energetic and exergetic losses as well as efficiencies for typical parabolic trough concentrating solar thermal power plant (PTCSTPP) under the specific operating conditions have been evaluated. Operating pressures for a Rankine heat engine have been optimized for maximum efficiency. It has been found that, the energetic and exergetic efficiencies of PTCSTPP increased by 1.49% and 1.51% with increasing pressure from 90 to 105 bar respectively. Progression of the STPP from the variable load to full load conditions, the year round average energetic efficiency can be increased from 22.01% to 22.62% for the location of Jodhpur, and in case of Delhi, it can be increased from 20.98% to 21.50%. Year round average exergetic efficiency can be increased, from 23.66% to 24.32% for the location of Jodhpur and in case of Delhi, it can be increased from 22.56% to 23.11%. Land areas required for the 50 MWe thermal power plants are 79.2 ha and 118.8 ha respectively for the locations of Jodhpur and Delhi.

The Leaching Characteristics of Trace Elements in Coal Fly Ash and an Ash Disposal System of Thermal Power Plants

The present investigation was conducted to study the leaching characteristics of trace elements in coal fly ash and the ash disposal system of thermal power plants. The batch experiment for the fly ash collected from the hopper of the electrostatic precipitator of the thermal power plant, Delhi, was carried out to study the leaching characteristics of Fe, Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, and Ni. Four leaching time intervals were selected, ranging from 1 week to 4 weeks. From the experiments, leaching behavior of trace elements was investigated and it was observed that ‘Cr’ and ‘Ni’ have a relatively higher leachability in extraction solution than aqueous and buffer solution. Furthermore, with the leaching time, the leachability of ‘Cu’ is increased in aqueous and extraction solution. The leachability of ‘Cd’ increased with leaching time in aqueous and buffer solution. With the increase of leaching time, the leachability of ‘Fe’ in extraction fluid increased with time with small fluctuation.