Thermal Environment Research Articles

MesoHOPS: Size-invariant scaling calculations of multi-excitation open quantum systems.

The photoexcitation dynamics of molecular materials on the 10-100nm length scale depend on complex interactions between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom, rendering exact calculations difficult or intractable. The adaptive Hierarchy of Pure States (adHOPS) is a formally exact method that leverages the locality imposed by interactions between thermal environments and electronic excitations to achieve size-invariant scaling calculations for single-excitation processes in systems described by a Frenkel-Holstein Hamiltonian. Here, we extend adHOPS to account for arbitrary couplings between thermal environments and vertical excitation energies, enabling formally exact, size-invariant calculations that involve multiple excitations or states with shared thermal environments. In addition, we introduce a low-temperature correction and an effective integration of the noise to reduce the computational expense of including ultrafast vibrational relaxation in Hierarchy of Pure States (HOPS) simulations. We present these advances in the latest version of the open-source MesoHOPS library and use MesoHOPS to characterize charge separation at a one-dimensional organic heterojunction when both the electron and hole are mobile.

Frequency of Thick FGM Spherical Shells with TSDT Under Thermal Environment

Frequency of Thick FGM Spherical Shells with TSDT Under Thermal Environment

Effects of thermal and acoustic environments on human comfort in urban and suburban campuses in the cold region of China.

In this study, we investigated the effects of thermal-acoustic environments on human comfort in a cold region by focusing on Xi'an in China as a representative city. Four typical open spaces were identified within two universities, with one located in an urban area and the other in a suburban area. Surveys were conducted using questionnaires and environmental parameters were measured to assess thermal-acoustic perception. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and noise sound pressure levels were employed to measure the thermal-acoustic environments in the four open spaces. The results showed that the neutral PET was 19.1°C in Xi'an from March to May, and the neutral temperature range was 14.9-23.4°C. The preferred temperature was 20.0°C. Acoustic sensation votes were lower in suburban areas than urban areas. Respondents in urban areas exhibited significantly higher sensitivity to the thermal and acoustic environments compared with those in suburban areas. Sensitivity to the thermal environment decreased as the environmental noise levels decreased. The temperature perceived as most suitable increased as the sensitivity to the thermal environment decreased. Acoustic comfort evaluations were generally higher in colder and warmer environments. Warmer environments heightened the sensitivity to the acoustic environment and this effect gradually decreased as the sound pressure levels increased. Thus, based on empirical analyses, we compared the effects of outdoor thermal-acoustic parameters on comfort to provide experimental data support for further outdoor thermal comfort research.

An adaptive biomolecular condensation response is conserved across environmentally divergent species

Cells must sense and respond to sudden maladaptive environmental changes—stresses—to survive and thrive. Across eukaryotes, stresses such as heat shock trigger conserved responses: growth arrest, a specific transcriptional response, and biomolecular condensation of protein and mRNA into structures known as stress granules under severe stress. The composition, formation mechanism, adaptive significance, and even evolutionary conservation of these condensed structures remain enigmatic. Here we provide a remarkable view into stress-triggered condensation, its evolutionary conservation and tuning, and its integration into other well-studied aspects of the stress response. Using three morphologically near-identical budding yeast species adapted to different thermal environments and diverged by up to 100 million years, we show that proteome-scale biomolecular condensation is tuned to species-specific thermal niches, closely tracking corresponding growth and transcriptional responses. In each species, poly(A)-binding protein—a core marker of stress granules—condenses in isolation at species-specific temperatures, with conserved molecular features and conformational changes modulating condensation. From the ecological to the molecular scale, our results reveal previously unappreciated levels of evolutionary selection in the eukaryotic stress response, while establishing a rich, tractable system for further inquiry.

Evaluation of energy-saving potential and indoor thermal environment of passive solar houses in various heating climate regions of China

ABSTRACT Passive solar houses comprise crucial strategies of reducing heating and cooling energy for buildings, which have been extensively used in plenty of nations. This study develops a study on indoor thermal environment, the energy-saving performance and natural lighting in different heating climate regions (represented by Lhasa, Xining and Urumqi). An attached-sunspace solar house integrated with phase change material floors is also proposed to ameliorate indoor thermal comfort and simultaneously diminish the heating energy consumption. In addition, the dominant factors analysis of building envelope affecting building energy consumption are sensitively studied. Moreover, the influence of the depth of sunspace and the intensities of internal heat gain on indoor thermal conditions and heating energy consumption are further analyzed. The results indicate that among the three types of solar houses, the passive solar sunspace offers the most stable indoor temperature and Trombe-wall solar houses and attached-sunspace solar houses have striking energy-saving advantages compared with the traditional houses. And the annual power consumption of 695.1 kWh, 427.4 kWh and 688.8 kWh in Lhasa, Xining and Urumqi can be saved in view of natural lighting respectively. Additionally, the whole natural temperature of attached-sunspace solar house is on the rise apparently when the PCM floors are embedded in the house and the energy saving fraction of these three regions is 81.9% for Lhasa, 68.8% for Xining, 55.7% for Urumqi respectively with the integration of phase change floors. The sensitivity analysis of key parameters impacting building energy consumption from high to low are the heat transfer coefficient of external wall, the ratio of window to wall, air tightness, the heat transfer coefficient of external window, and the heat transfer coefficient of roof. The depth of 1.2 m for sunspace is recommended as the optimal choice. Indoor natural temperature is on the rise as intensities of internal heat gain increase. The same downward trend for the main bedroom and the whole building is displayed with the increasing interior heat sources in terms of annual heating load.

Spatiotemporal Land Use/Land Cover Changes and Impact on Urban Thermal Environments: Analyzing Cool Island Intensity Variations

This study pioneers the comprehensive evaluation of the spatiotemporal evolution of land use/land cover (LULC) in Hangzhou city, introducing the novel water body shape index (WBSI) to analyze its seasonal impacts on the urban thermal environment and urban cool island (UCI) effects, uncovering distinct patterns of thermal regulation. It particularly investigates how distance gradients and the water body shape index (WBSI) influence land surface temperature (LST) in the urban core. The region’s climate, featuring hot summers and cold winters, highlights significant seasonal LST variations. Addressing a gap in existing UCI research, the analysis extends beyond the typical large-scale planning focus to include small-scale, high-resolution aspects. Employing remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) analysis techniques, this study analyzes the seasonal dynamics in Hangzhou’s central urban area. High-resolution LST data, obtained through single-channel inversion and resolution enhancement algorithms, are crucial to this analysis. This study employs the maximum likelihood classification method to analyze land use and land cover changes from 1990 to 2020. This analysis reveals potential drivers of urban thermal environment changes, such as the expansion of residential and commercial areas and the reduction in green spaces. Different regions in LST data are delineated to assess the cool island effect, and the complexity of water body boundaries is quantified using the water body shape index. Spatial and temporal patterns of LST changes are investigated using multivariate regression and time-series analysis models. We identified significant changes in LULC over the past 30 years in Hangzhou, closely correlating with a continuous rise in LST. This observation underscores a clear finding: the strategic importance of blue–green infrastructure in mitigating urban heat, a novel insight that extends the current understanding of urban thermal dynamics. A clear and novel finding of this study is that the intensity of the cool island effect from large water bodies not only diminishes with distance but is intricately influenced by the complexity of their shapes, as quantified by the WBSI, whereas the complexity of their boundaries enhances this effect. Additionally, the regulatory role of the cool island effect is observed to vary seasonally, being most pronounced in summer and less so in autumn and winter, thereby demonstrating a positive impact. In conclusion, our findings innovatively highlight how the specific shapes of water bodies, quantified through the water body shape index (WBSI), emerge as critical, yet previously underappreciated, drivers in modulating the urban thermal environment. This underscores a new avenue for urban planning, advocating for the strategic design of water bodies within urban landscapes. It also finds that spatial factors and seasonal variations significantly affect the intensity of the cool island effect. These findings offer valuable evidence for urban planning and climate change adaptation, emphasizing balancing natural elements with the built environment in urban design.

Fossil-calibrated molecular clock data enable reconstruction of steps leading to differentiated multicellularity and anisogamy in the Volvocine algae.

Throughout its nearly four-billion-year history, life has undergone evolutionary transitions in which simpler subunits have become integrated to form a more complex whole. Many of these transitions opened the door to innovations that resulted in increased biodiversity and/or organismal efficiency. The evolution of multicellularity from unicellular forms represents one such transition, one that paved the way for cellular differentiation, including differentiation of male and female gametes. A useful model for studying the evolution of multicellularity and cellular differentiation is the volvocine algae, a clade of freshwater green algae whose members range from unicellular to colonial, from undifferentiated to completely differentiated, and whose gamete types can be isogamous, anisogamous, or oogamous. To better understand how multicellularity, differentiation, and gametes evolved in this group, we used comparative genomics and fossil data to establish a geologically calibrated roadmap of when these innovations occurred. Our ancestral-state reconstructions, show that multicellularity arose independently twice in the volvocine algae. Our chronograms indicate multicellularity evolved during the Carboniferous-Triassic periods in Goniaceae + Volvocaceae, and possibly as early as the Cretaceous in Tetrabaenaceae. Using divergence time estimates we inferred when, and in what order, specific developmental changes occurred that led to differentiated multicellularity and oogamy. We find that in the volvocine algae the temporal sequence of developmental changes leading to differentiated multicellularity is much as proposed by David Kirk, and that multicellularity is correlated with the acquisition of anisogamy and oogamy. Lastly, morphological, molecular, and divergence time data suggest the possibility of cryptic species in Tetrabaenaceae. Large molecular datasets and robust phylogenetic methods are bringing the evolutionary history of the volvocine algae more sharply into focus. Mounting evidence suggests that extant species in this group are the result of two independent origins of multicellularity and multiple independent origins of cell differentiation. Also, the origin of the Tetrabaenaceae-Goniaceae-Volvocaceae clade may be much older than previously thought. Finally, the possibility of cryptic species in the Tetrabaenaceae provides an exciting opportunity to study the recent divergence of lineages adapted to live in very different thermal environments.

Simulation Study on Performance of Solar-Powered Desiccant Wheel and Ground Source Heat Pump Air Conditioning in Qingdao

In China, a large amount of the total energy consumption is made up of building energy, particularly in humid regions. The conventional vapor compression refrigeration systems cannot effectively control the indoor humid and thermal environment. Therefore, this article proposes a solar-powered desiccant wheel and ground-source heat pump (SDW-GSHP) air conditioning system. The energy consumption of the system is mainly from sustainable sources of solar and geothermal energy, showcasing excellent energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. The desiccant wheel (DW) processes latent heat loads, and the GSHP processes the sensible heat load. The regeneration air of the DW is heated by a solar collector. The operational performance of the system was simulated by using TRNSYS during the typical summer week (15 July to 22 July) in Qingdao. The simulation results indicated that indoor temperature was maintained within 25.8–26.2 °C and the relative humidity was maintained in the range of 57–61%. The COP of the SDW-GSHP air conditioning system was 42.1% higher than that of the DW air conditioning system with electric heating regeneration, and electricity saved 43.7%.

Research on wet physical properties of permeable concrete pavement with different porosity

ABSTRACT Permeable concrete pavement has been widely used in building ‘sponge cities’. Porosity has a great influence on wet physical properties such as permeability, water retention, and evaporative cooling performance of permeable concrete, and further research is needed. In this paper, permeable concrete specimens with target porosity of 20%, 24%, and 28% were made for indoor experimental research, including water permeability, water retention, and evaporation tests. The research results show that permeable concrete with a porosity of 28% has the best permeability among the three types of porosity. In the range of 20–28% porosity, as the porosity increases, the water retention performance of permeable concrete first strengthens and then weakens. The evaporative water loss of permeable concrete has the worst cooling performance on its surface temperature and the best cooling performance on its internal temperature. The air humidity above permeable concrete continues to decrease over time. The greater the porosity of the specimen, the later the air humidity above it becomes lower than the indoor ambient humidity. The work of this paper provides data support for permeable concrete pavement to improve outdoor thermal environment.

LITERATURE REVIEW OF THERMAL COMFORT FOR HOSPITAL DESIGN

Creating indoor environments in hospitals that meet the varied needs of patients and staff is essential, with thermal comfort being a critical factor affecting patient healing and the welfare of medical personnel. While numerous studies explore thermal comfort and related contexts, there is a shortage of review articles on this vital subject. This paper aims to address this gap by conducting a thorough and evaluative review of existing research, analyzing 160 articles to identify key themes and provide insights into future research directions. Additionally, it is observed that achieving satisfactory thermal comfort is influenced by various factors, including the patient's health status and the nature and intensity of staff activities, underscoring the context-specific nature of this phenomenon. The review also explores measures aimed at reducing energy consumption in hospital settings. Important issues such as the limitations of predicted mean vote (PMV) and the influence of demographic factors such as gender and age on thermal comfort are addressed. Ultimately, this review provides valuable insights into designing and evaluating thermal environments in hospitals, highlighting the need for tailored approaches to ensure optimal conditions for both patients and staff. Key Words: Thermal comfort; Hospital buildings; Improvement measures; Energy efficiency.

Relationship among thermal environment, stage of lactation, body characteristics, yield and milk constituents of dairy Gyr cows managed on pasture.

Our aims were to evaluate changes in body characteristics, milk yield and milk constituents as well as to determine the relationship between the thermal environment and production characteristics during the first lactation of dairy Gyr cows managed on pasture. Between 2013 and 2015, forty-five primiparous dairy Gyr cows were evaluated from prepartum to 10 months of lactation in Southeast of Brazil. Body weight, body condition score (BCS), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), milk yield (305 d), and milk constituents were collected monthly and progesterone was collected weekly. Additionally, we determined the temperature humidity index (THI) based on microclimate data. Overall, the cows lost body weight until six months of lactation and there was a progressive decrease in BCS, SFT, milk yield and milk lactose as the months in lactation progressed. In contrast, there was an increase in milk fat, milk protein and milk solids. The thermal environment did not pose a consistent heat challenge, nevertheless, we found a positive correlation between the average THI two days before milk collection with milk yield, fat and lactose contents, but in contrast a negative correlation was found with total solids and protein. In conclusion, the THI and months of lactation affected the yield and constituents of milk. However, more studies are necessary to understand the impacts of body characteristics and thermal environment on yield and milk constituents throughout the productive life of Gyr dairy cows.

Vibration, Buckling and Stability Analyses of Spinning Bi-Directional Functionally Graded Conical Shells

This paper investigates the free vibration, buckling and dynamic stability of spinning bi-directional functional gradient materials (BDFGMs) conical shells. The material properties vary along the thickness and axial direction. The dynamics model is established based on the first-order shear deformation theory and the governing equations and boundary conditions of the conical shell are derived employing Hamilton’s principle. Subsequently, the differential quadrature (DQ) method is employed to discretize the governing equations into an algebraic system of equations for solving and analyzing the free vibration characteristics of the conical shell. The theoretical model’s accuracy and the solution method’s reliability are rigorously verified. The effects of temperature, functional gradient index, and rotation on the vibration characteristics, traveling wave vibration and critical speed of the conical shell in a thermal environment are systematically explored through numerical analysis. The results indicate that both the material gradient index and temperature increase lead to a decrease in the shell’s natural frequency. For the spinning BDFGMs shell, elevated temperature causes the occurrence of trailing wave vibration to advance to the critical speed. Centrifugal force emerges as the primary factor influencing the critical buckling load and unstable region variation of the spinning shell.

Dynamic modeling and vibration characteristics of sandwich cylindrical shell with metal-rubber core

This work aims to identify ways for the equivalent material parameters of metal-rubber (MR), as well as the establishment of theoretical and numerical methods for sandwich cylindrical shells with metal-rubber core (SCS-MR) under thermal conditions. To achieve this goal, the first-order shear deformation theory and Hamiltonian principle are used to derive equations and expressions that consider temperature variations and elastic boundary constraints. This leads to the development of a novel dynamic model for sandwich cylindrical shell structures in a thermal environment. Furthermore, the study analyzes how vibration frequencies are affected by boundary spring stiffness and axial truncation number of displacement-permitted functions using the Jacobi-Ritz method. The impact of aspect ratio, core layer thickness ratio, and temperature on the vibration frequencies of SCS-MR is discussed. The results indicate that temperature slightly affects the frequency of SCS-MR. As the aspect ratio increases, the vibration frequency tends to decrease, irrespective of the circumferential wave number. However, the circumferential wave number plays a considerable role on vibration frequency associated with the core layer thickness ratio.

A Novel Methodology for Measuring Ambient Thermal Effects on Machine Tools.

Large machine tools are critically affected by ambient temperature fluctuations, impacting their performance and the quality of machined products. Addressing the challenge of accurately measuring thermal effects on machine structures, this study introduces the Machine Tool Integrated Inverse Multilateration method. This method offers a precise approach for assessing geometric error parameters throughout a machine's working volume, featuring a low level of uncertainty and high speed suitable for effective temperature change monitoring. A significant innovation is found in the capability to automatically realise the volumetric error characterisation of medium- to large-sized machine tools at intervals of 40-60 min with a measurement uncertainty of 10 µm. This enables the detailed study of thermal errors which are generated due to variations in ambient temperature over extended periods. To validate the method, an extensive experimental campaign was conducted on a ZAYER Arion G™ large machine tool using a LEICA AT960™ laser tracker with four wide-angle retro-reflectors under natural workshop conditions. This research identified two key thermal scenarios, quasi-stationary and changing environments, providing valuable insights into how temperature variations influence machine behaviour. This novel method facilitates the optimization of machine tool operations and the improvement of product quality in industrial environments, marking a significant advancement in manufacturing metrology.

Numerical Study of Air Distribution and Thermal Environment in Attached Ventilation Mode in the Generator Layer of a Hydropower Station

Because they are in enclosed underground buildings, the generator layers of hydropower stations have limited ventilation. In order to reduce the influence of a hot and humid environment on equipment and staff health and create a good thermal environment with good air quality for underground buildings, in this paper, vertical wall-attached ventilation was combined with the generator layer of a hydropower station to replace traditional ventilation. The influence of air supply velocity, air supply outlet position, and the opening mode of the generator layer on indoor velocity and temperature field distribution were analyzed via numerical simulation, and the evaluation indices of different cases were also compared. In the single-sided vertical wall-attached ventilation mode, when the velocity was increased from 4 m/s to 8 m/s, the maximum increment in the energy utilization coefficient was 41%, and the maximum reduction in the velocity non-uniformity coefficient was 9.5%. The results show that the single-sided mode can offer a higher ventilation efficiency than the double-sided mode, with a higher energy efficiency and a more uniform air distribution. Based on the mean temperature and velocity, and the key evaluation indices (head-foot temperature difference, percentage of dissatisfaction, non-uniformity coefficient, energy utilization coefficient, and air diffusion performance index), it is suggested that the single-sided air supply mode should be adopted for this kind of tall building, with an air supply velocity of v = 6 m/s and two open air supply outlets at each interval.

Output-only identification of time-varying structural modal parameters under thermal environment

Obtaining the input load presents a significant challenge for system identification problems with time-varying characteristics in aerospace engineering. Therefore, the modal parameter is determined through output-only identification techniques. Considering rapid time-varying characteristics in thermal environment, a Recursive Subspace Method (RSM) is used to enhance the precision of identifying modal parameters. A three-degree-of-freedom system with time-varying stiffness is first investigated to validate the identification method. The effect of noise on the robustness of the algorithm is discussed. Then, the experimental investigation is undertaken considering a composite beam under a time-varying thermal environment though the thermal-vibration experimental system. Experimental results indicate that the change of structural modal frequencies under variable temperature environment is mainly affected by the thermal stress induced in the structure. Comparing the experimental and simulation result, the output-only identification approach has good efficiency and convergence for time-varying system.

How Does the 2D/3D Urban Morphology Affect the Urban Heat Island across Urban Functional Zones? A Case Study of Beijing, China

Studying driving factors of the urban heat island phenomenon is vital for enhancing urban ecological environments. Urban functional zones (UFZs), key for planning and management, have a substantial impact on the urban thermal environment through their two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) morphology. Despite prior research on land use and landscape patterns, understanding the effects of 2D/3D urban morphology in different UFZs is lacking. This study employs Landsat-8 remote sensing data to retrieve the land surface temperature (LST). A method combining supervised and unsupervised classification is proposed for UFZ mapping, utilizing multi-source geospatial data. Subsequently, parameters defining the 2D/3D urban morphology of UFZs are established. Finally, the Pearson correlation analysis and GeoDetector are used to analyze the driving factors. The results indicate the following: (1) In the Fifth Ring Road area of Beijing, the residential zones exhibit the highest LST, followed by the industrial zones. (2) In 2D urban morphology, the percentage of built-up landscape (built-PLAND) and Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI) are the main factors influencing LST. In 3D urban morphology, building density, the sky view factor (SVF), and the area-weighted mean shape index (shape index) are the main factors influencing LST. Therefore, low-density buildings with simple and dispersed shapes contribute to mitigating LST, while fragmented distributions of trees, grasslands, and water bodies also play important roles in alleviating LST. (3) In the interactive detection results, all UFZs show the highest interaction detection results with the built-PLAND. (4) Spatial variations are observed in the impact of different UFZs on LST. For instance, in the residential zones, industrial zones, green space zones, and public service zones, the SVF is negatively correlated with LST, while in the commercial zones, the SVF exhibits a positive correlation with LST.

Using Multiscale Atmospheric Modeling to Explore the Impact of Surface Albedo on Anthropogenic Heat Release

Abstract Cities account for over 66% of global energy use and with over 68% of the population expected to live in urbanized areas by 2050, anthropogenic urban heat release is likely to become one of the most significant contributors to the creation of urban microclimates. In the present work, an open-source framework for one-way upstream coupled multiscale urban thermal environment simulations is examined and validated and can provide valuable insights about the flow behavior and energy transport between spatial scales. In this study, a city-wide multiscale model with over 500,000 building, road, and tree canopy data points parameterizing Atlanta, GA as a digital twin is developed and validated with a spatial scale of 5 m. The validated model is used to perform a parametric study on the implications bulk surface albedo (SA) has on the city's anthropogenic heat (AH) release in terms of heat flux. The study demonstrates that anthropogenic heat flux for building waste energy accounts for a small part of the total surface heat flux, and a detailed understanding of the components of urban heat (particularly with respect to total surface heat flux) is required to predict and simulate an urban thermal environment.

Linear finite element formulation for free vibration and buckling analyses of multi-directional FGP doubly curved shallow shells in thermal environment

ABSTRACT This paper presents the free vibration and buckling analyses of multi-directional functionally graded porous doubly curved shallow shells resting on Pasternak elastic foundations in a thermal environment. For the first time, a linear finite element formulation using the refined high-order shear deformation theory, combined with the Hermitian function, is developed to compute the vibration and buckling behaviour of doubly curved shallow shells. Mechanical properties of MFGP material change according to the length, width and thickness directions and the porosity distribution including even and uneven. The doubly curved shallow shell is operated in uniform, linear and non-linear temperature environments. The convergence and accuracy of the proposed method are verified by comparing numerical results with published works. In addition, a comprehensive numerical investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of parameters on the natural frequency and critical buckling behaviour of MFGP doubly curved shallow shells.

Effect of thermal environmental factors on female students during summer and spring season: promoting a sustainable campus initiative

PurposeThe present study was conducted at the female campus of the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), with a specific emphasis on the outside environment. This study aims to explore the influence of external conditions, including AC (AC), Time of Day (TD) variations, and Landscape Sites (LS) differences, on changes in physiological temperatures. Specifically, the focus is on understanding the dynamics of skin and abaya temperature (AT) when exposed to transient thermal environments, considering factors such as AC, LS, and different TD. By investigating these parameters, the research aims to gain insights into the thermal dynamics experienced by female students at the UAEU campus which can further lead to evaluate the thermal comfort (TC).Design/methodology/approachThe study involved three college-aged female participants simulating a daily walk to class on a arid tropical university campus. Real-time thermal measures were captured at 10-min intervals using the FLIR Thermal Camera. Statistical analyses, including the Kruskal–Wallis test and Don Bonferroni pairwise comparisons, were employed to assess significant differences in thermal conditions based on AC, TD, and LS. These tests rigorously analyzed the data to identify statistically significant variations in thermal conditions among the specified factors. Additionally, temperature data from the ECMWF ERA5 dataset, covering global climate from January 1940 to the present, was utilized. The GRADS application on a Linux-based system was used for data visualization and map chart creation.FindingsThe study reveals a slight influence of AC on both Abaya temperatures (AT) and Skin temperatures (ST) during the summer, with more pronounced diurnal changes in the afternoon significantly affecting both metrics. Site characteristics minimally impact AT, but they have a noteworthy effect on ST. In the spring season, AT and ST remain unaffected by AC, while temporal fluctuations, particularly in the afternoon, exert a significant influence. LS variations show statistically insignificant impacts on both AT and ST. Additionally, temperature maps for specific 2023 dates provide distinctive trends in the UAE, offering insights into dynamic climatic conditions varying by season and TD.Originality/valueThe study aims to address a knowledge gap by investigating the influence of AC, TD, and LS variations on physiological temperature change, specifically focusing on skin and AT. This investigation is conducted in the context of individuals exposed to thermal environmental factors within a arid tropical university campus setting.Practical implicationsThis research contributes to the existing knowledge by providing specific data on thermal conditions within the campus, enabling informed decision-making for creating a more comfortable and conducive environment for the students, thereby contributing to the goal of a sustainable campus.