Pain Management Therapy Research Articles

Kajian Karakteristik pada Anak Yang Terkonfirmasi Positif Covid-19 di Sumatera Barat Pada Periode Juli-Desember 2020

This study employed a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample size consisted of 30 respondents. The population included all laboring mothers in the first stage of labor with cervical dilation of 6–8 cm, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted using counterpressure with a birth ball questionnaires and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain measurement. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test and paired t-test. The Wilcoxon test results showed a Z-value of -4.902 with an asymp.sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 > 0.05, indicating that the data supports the conclusion that there is a significant difference before and after performing counterpressure with a birth ball. Additionally, the paired t-test revealed that the average pain level before the intervention was 8.20, while the average pain level after the intervention was 6.23. This indicates a reduction in pain intensity with a difference of 1.97, and the significance value obtained was 0.000 > 5% (p-value = 0.000 < 0.05). Therefore, the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, meaning that counterpressure with a birth ball has a significant effect on reducing labor pain during the active phase of the first stage of labor. The study suggests that counterpressure using a birth ball can be used as an alternative non-pharmacological therapy for pain management during the active phase of the first stage of labor.

Hubungan Teknik Couterpressure Massage Dengan Birth Ball Terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Persalinan Kala I Fase Aktif di PMB Wilayah Kelurahan Kembangan Selatan Kota Jakarta Barat Tahun 2023

This study employed a pre-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample size consisted of 30 respondents. The population included all laboring mothers in the first stage of labor with cervical dilation of 6–8 cm, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted using counterpressure with a birth ball questionnaires and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain measurement. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test and paired t-test. The Wilcoxon test results showed a Z-value of -4.902 with an asymp.sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 > 0.05, indicating that the data supports the conclusion that there is a significant difference before and after performing counterpressure with a birth ball. Additionally, the paired t-test revealed that the average pain level before the intervention was 8.20, while the average pain level after the intervention was 6.23. This indicates a reduction in pain intensity with a difference of 1.97, and the significance value obtained was 0.000 > 5% (p-value = 0.000 < 0.05). Therefore, the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, meaning that counterpressure with a birth ball has a significant effect on reducing labor pain during the active phase of the first stage of labor. The study suggests that counterpressure using a birth ball can be used as an alternative non-pharmacological therapy for pain management during the active phase of the first stage of labor.

Acute Phase Peyronie's Disease: Where Do We Stand?

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a common benign condition characterized by superficial fibrosis and scar formation at the tunica albuginea of the penis, eventually leading to penile curvature. It is believed that penile micro-traumas during intercourse and subsequent activation of inflammatory processes constitute the pathogenetic basis of the disease. Routinely, PD is divided into acute and chronic phases, with pain during erection or flaccid state being the hallmark of the former. Surgical intervention should be avoided during the acute phase, as the risk of recurrence or progression of penile deformity during this stage might affect the optimal outcomes of the procedure. During this stage, many conservative treatment options have been suggested, including oral, topical, and intralesional therapies, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), and penile traction therapy (PTT). Currently, the optimal treatment consists of a combined treatment strategy with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is), ESWT for pain management, PTT, and intralesional therapies. Large, well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are necessary to further elucidate the most efficient treatment option for acute phase PD.

Nursing Care for Mr. W Diagnosed with Hemorrhoids in the Kemuning Ward of Waled Hospital in Cirebon Regency

Hemorrhoids are dilated blood vessels in the anus that originate from the hemorrhoidal plexus, which will cause discomfort resulting in swelling commonly called hemorrhoids or hemorrhoids. The purpose of this study was to describe the identification of nursing care in patients with a medical diagnosis of hemorrhoids in the Kemuning room of Waled Hospital, Cirebon Regency. This research method is a qualitative descriptive research conducted at Waled Hospital. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and medical record documentation studies. The main focus of the research is on the nursing problems that arise, such as acute pain, and the interventions provided, such as relaxation techniques. The results showed that relaxation techniques are one of the effective interventions in reducing acute pain in patients with hemorrhoids. Before the intervention, patients often experience pain with a scale level of 5, which is shown by grimacing expressions. However, after doing relaxation therapy, the patient's pain scale decreased to 3, and the patient's expression seemed calmer. This study implies that non-pharmacological techniques such as relaxation can be a practical companion to pharmacological therapy in pain management in hemorrhoidal patients. Emphasis on holistic and individualized nursing care is essential in improving the quality of care for patients with this medical condition.

Synovial hemangioma presenting with chronic painful infrapatellar mass: a case report

BackgroundSynovial hemangiomas are rare benign vascular anomalies surrounded by a synovial lining and were first described by Bouchut in 1856. These neoplasms can develop in the intra-articular region, resulting in effusions and knee pain. However, their cause remains unknown. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are critical to prevent chondral damage. Histopathological examination is used to achieve the diagnosis, which is often delayed because of a lack of specific clinical signs. This report describes a unique case in which a painful infrapatellar mass was diagnosed as a synovial hemangioma. The absence of typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings highlights the importance of arthroscopic excision for diagnosis and symptom relief.Case presentationA 20-year-old woman presented with persistent anterior left knee pain that became exacerbated when she climbed stairs. Despite previous pain management and physical therapy, she developed a painful lump beneath her patella that worsened over time. She had also undergone arthrocentesis, but this did not relieve her pain. Physical examination revealed a palpable, immobile 5-cm mass along the patellar tendon with limited knee flexion and extension and normal ligament stability. T1-weighted fat-saturated MRI of the left knee with gadolinium-based contrast revealed a lobulated intra-articular mass in Hoffa’s fat pad that resembled a soft tissue chondroma. A biopsy of the mass was performed to provide histopathological evidence, confirming the benign nature of the mass. The subsequent excisional arthroscopy, combined with incision enlargement for mass removal, confirmed the histopathologic diagnosis of synovial hemangioma based on the presence of numerous dilated blood vessels and venous proliferation within sections of the synovium. Recovery was complete, and no residual tumor was detected on follow-up MRI after 1 year.ConclusionThis case study emphasizes the importance of arthroscopic excision over open surgery for patients with synovial hemangioma. The minimally invasive nature of arthroscopy combined with the well-encapsulated nature and location of the mass facilitates complete resection.

Bringing Virtual Reality to Mainstream Pediatric Care.

Virtual reality (VR) stands as an innovative technology transforming our interactions with the digital world. Its integration into health care has proven advantageous for both patients and health care providers across multiple levels and modalities. Given that VR is becoming increasingly accessible and prevalent, health care providers should explore incorporating the technology into their practices, particularly within the pediatric population, which is becoming progressively more accustomed to the technology. This topic synopsis provides a broad discussion of the current literature, exploring current and probable future applications of VR in pediatric patient care, particularly in improving the hospital experience, facilitating education during hospitalizations, providing an alternative to pharmacological therapy for pain management, and enhancing mental health care practices.

Iranian Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Complementary Therapies for Pain Management

IntroductionComplementary therapies (CTs) are being increasingly used by people with health issues and recommended by their health care providers. Although there are numerous studies available that address nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management, there are few that include the use of CTs by nurses in Iran. Therefore, this study was conducted in selected areas of Iran to assess nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and current practice regarding the use of CTs. MethodsA cross–sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 850 nurses from various regions of Iran between 2020 and 2022. A questionnaire was used that consisted of seven items addressing demographic characteristics, 15 items to assess knowledge, 25 items to address attitude and 22 items to address the practice of CTs in the area of pain relief. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. ResultsThe participants’ mean age was 33.26±7.24 years. Most nurses (89.9%) had not received formal education on CTs. However, 78.6% of nurses reported personal use of CTs, and 62.3% reported using or recommending it to their patients at least once. Regarding the knowledge of CTs, nurses scored 5.81 on a 15 points scale indicating a considerable gap in their knowledge of CTs. Regarding attitudes toward the specific therapies, nurses believed that massage is highly (46.4%) or moderately (31.6%) effective in pain relief. Regarding effectiveness, nurses ranked the following as the top four CTs: music therapy, humor, hydrotherapy, and use of cold / heat. ConclusionThe nurses in this study scored low on knowledge of CTs, meaning that they knew little about CTs. However, they showed a favorable attitude toward CTs and a majority of them had a history of personal use, and recommending some types of CTs to their patients for pain relief. Therefore, it is crucial for nurse managers to provide opportunities to acquire knowledge of CTs. Moreover, nurse educators should advocate for updating nursing curricula to include CTs as an essential component of pain management education.

Do threats and reassurances reside in the biological, psychological or social domain? A qualitative study in adults and young people with chronic pain.

Understanding biopsychosocial contributions to a sensitised pain system is a key target of many pain management programs. The 'Protectometer' is a freely available educational tool that guides people with chronic pain to explore their personal threats and reassurances, identifying them as 'DIMs' (danger in me) or 'SIMs' (safety in me), to guide personalised pain management. This study aimed to explore common types of DIMs and SIMs, and examine differences between adults and young people. A retrospective qualitative study was conducted. Written DIMs (n = 504) and SIMs (n = 711) were collected from 96 participants with chronic pain (77 adults aged 18-85 years; 19 young people aged 9-17 years) across 15 multidisciplinary pain management groups. DIMs and SIMs were transcribed and analysed using deductive content analysis. Four overarching themes were identified: 'Engaging with the environment', 'In my body', 'My emotional health', and 'Activities and behaviours'. Similarities in SIMs were found, with the greatest proportion of SIMs in the social domain (49% adults; 47% young people). While adult DIMs were fairly evenly spread across the biological (37%), psychological (27%) and social domains (36%), young people's DIMs were predominantly in the psychological (44%) and social (43%) domains. These findings provide insights into common threats and reassurances people in pain perceive, and revealed age-related differences in biopsychosocial contributions to pain and pain relief. Findings also highlight the importance of social-based interventions as part of pain management therapies for both adults and young people.

Evaluation of Virtual Reality in the Reduction of Pain During Dressing Changes in Patients With Burn Wounds: A Pilot Study.

Burn injuries are among the most common life-threatening injuries for which medical attention is sought, and are accompanied by intense, severe pain, particularly during treatment. Burn therapy pain management with opioid and nonopioid analgesics is often insufficient when administered alone. Virtual reality (VR) interfaces provide an immersive experience that has demonstrable therapeutic benefits, including distraction from, and reduction of, pain. In this interventional pilot study, we assessed the correlation between VR and passive distraction and pain tolerance during burn wound treatment. This pilot study assessed patients undergoing burn wound dressing changes while receiving both pharmacological and VR intervention. Questionnaires and evaluation forms were subjectively completed by both patients and medical staff before and after treatment, and clinical metrics were recorded throughout the treatment. Forty-one patients ≥18 years old and 76.9% male that had primarily undergone ≥4 dressing changes before the study were included. Correlations were found between VR engagement during treatment and a decrease in subjective levels of nausea, anxiety, and pain sensation. Furthermore, high levels of VR engagement were correlated with high levels of VR enjoyment. These results suggest that highly engaging and enjoyable VR interfaces may reduce sensations of anxiety and pain in burn patients during dressing changes. Furthermore, these data suggest that VR technology may be applied as an adjunct therapy to pharmacological treatment in the standardization of burn wound care management. Further studies with control groups and larger sample populations are needed for better quantification of these benefits.

Music therapy for pain and anxiety management in postoperative trauma patients

Music therapy for pain and anxiety management in postoperative trauma patients

Dexmedetomidine as a Short-Use Analgesia for the Immature Nervous System.

Pain management in neonates continues to be a challenge. Diverse therapies are available that cause loss of pain sensitivity. However, because of side effects, the search for better options remains open. Dexmedetomidine is a promising drug; it has shown high efficacy with a good safety profile in sedation and analgesia in the immature nervous system. Though dexmedetomidine is already in use for pain control in neonates (including premature neonates) and infants as an adjunct to other anesthetics, the question remains whether it affects the neuronal activity patterning that is critical for development of the immature nervous system. In this study, using the neonatal rat as a model, the pharmacodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine on the nervous and cardiorespiratory systems were studied. Our results showed that dexmedetomidine has pronounced analgesic effects in the neonatal rat pups, and also weakly modified both the immature network patterns of cortical and hippocampal activity and the physiology of sleep cycles. Though the respiration and heart rates were slightly reduced after dexmedetomidine administration, it might be considered as the preferential independent short-term therapy for pain management in the immature and developing brain.

The Role of Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence in Cognitive Pain Therapy: A Narrative Review.

This review investigates the roles of artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) in enhancing cognitive pain therapy for chronic pain management. The work assesses current research, outlines benefits and limitations and examines their potential integration into existing pain management methods. Advances in VR have shown promise in chronic pain management through immersive cognitive therapy exercises, with evidence supporting VR's effectiveness in symptom reduction. AI's personalization of treatment plans and its support for mental health through AI-driven avatars are emerging trends. The integration of AI in hybrid programs indicates a future with real-time adaptive technology tailored to individual needs in chronic pain management. Incorporating AI and VR into chronic pain cognitive therapy represents a promising approach to enhance management by leveraging VR's immersive experiences and AI's personalized tactics, aiming to improve patient engagement and outcomes. Nonetheless, further empirical studies are needed to standardized methodologies, compare these technologies to traditional therapies and fully realize their clinical potential.

Hypnotherapy, Relaxation, and Music Therapy in Pediatric Cancer Pain Management: A Clinical Trial Comparison

Introduction Pain is a prevalent issue across various medical conditions, and numerous methods have been employed to manage it. In developed countries, cancer ranks as the second leading cause of mortality after cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of hypnotherapy, relaxation therapy, and Music Therapy (MT) with control groups in alleviating pain in children with cancer. Methods The research involved a single-blind clinical trial with a study population comprising children diagnosed with an abdominal mass and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Fifty-eight patients were selected through blocked randomization. Data were collected through a demographic checklist and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to measure pain intensity. Data analysis was carried out using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS version 22 to compare mean pain intensity among the study groups. Results A total of 58 patients, with an average age of 9.28±4.02 years, participated in the study. Significant differences were observed between the hypnotherapy group and the other study groups (F=14.51; P≤0.001), as well as between the MT group and the other study groups (F=12.81; P≤0.001). Moreover, significant differences were found in terms of time between the relaxation therapy group and the other study groups (F=8.46; P≤0.001) and between the control group and the other groups (F=5.506; P≤0.001). Conclusion Based on the findings, relaxation therapy, hypnotherapy, and Music Therapy (MT) have shown significant effectiveness in alleviating pain in cancer patients during their treatment. Trial Registration Clinical Trial Trial registration Clinical trial. gov Identifier: IRCTID website (code: IRCT20120905010744N2; http://irct.ir).

Efficacy and Safety of Ultrasound-Guided Acupotomy Versus Celecoxib in Patients with Thoracodorsal Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided acupotomy (UgA) for the treatment of thoracodorsal myofascial pain syndrome (TDMPS) and monitor its mid-term efficacy at 3 months after treatment. Methods: A 3-week, evaluator-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted among 100 patients with TDMPS (visual analogue scale [VAS] score > 3) in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, with a 3-month follow-up starting after completion of treatment. These patients were randomly assigned to receive UgA (n = 50) or oral celecoxib (n = 50). Recruitment was conducted between January 2021 and July 2022. The primary outcome was the VAS score, and the secondary outcomes included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS), and TNF-α and IL-1β levels. Outcome data were collected at baseline, week 3 (post-treatment) and week 15 (follow-up). Results: Compared with that in the celecoxib group, the pain in the UgA group was alleviated more strongly, with an adjusted mean group difference of -0.69 (95% CI,-1.07 to -0.31 after multiple imputation) at week 3 and -1.96 (95% CI,-2.33 to -1.59 after multiple imputation) at week 15 (p < 0.001 for overall group × time interaction). Both groups exhibited improvements in the ODI and PASS scores at weeks 3 and 15, but these improvements were significantly greater in the UgA group (p < 0.05). At week 3, the TNF-α and IL-1 levels were significantly lower in both groups, but celecoxib was more effective (p < 0.05). Results from analyses with multilevel multiple imputation for missingness were similar. Conclusion: UgA led to greater and safer alleviation of pain, dysfunction, and pain anxiety in patients treated with TDMPS than did celecoxib and had a durable 3-month efficacy but was inferior to celecoxib in reducing the level of inflammatory factors. These findings may prompt clinicians to recommend UgA as an alternative and supplementary therapy for pain management in patients with TDMPS.

An evaluation of wet and dry needling techniques for treating myofascial pain in trapezius muscle – A meta-analysis

Abstract Introduction: Myofascial pain is a common sign of temporomandibular joint disorders and a significant cause of dysfunction in the general population. Although there are many ways to treat it, because of their ease of use and effectiveness in reducing pain, needling therapies, particularly those inside the masticatory muscles, have seen a recent surge in attention. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the comparison between wet and dry needling therapies in myofascial pain management. Materials and Methods: The following study was built using the PICOS and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocols. A comprehensive search of the literature utilizing the PubMed search engines with the keywords acupuncture, dry needling, wet needling, botulinum toxin, local anesthesia, and masticatory muscle problems was done. A total of 412 items were found after searching the databases. Finally, the analysis contained 21 publications that met the parameters. Results: A statistically significant (P &lt; 0.001) impact on pain reduction was seen by this meta-analysis when comparing wet versus dry needling (mean difference = 0.80, 95% confidence interval = −0.52–2.12, n¼ 7 trials). Discussion: The effectiveness of wet and dry needling in treating symptoms of neck discomfort with musculoskeletal origins related to TrPs was compared in this meta-analysis. We found strong evidence that lidocaine, a local anesthetic, used in wet needling reduced pain more effectively than dry needling. Conclusion: Evidence from this meta-analysis suggests that in individuals with trigger points (TrPs) associated with symptoms of neck discomfort, lidocaine TrP injection works better than dry needling to reduce pain.

Integrative Approaches for Cancer Pain Management.

The goal of this review is to summarize updates to the broad array of complementary therapies available for cancer pain. This paper will serve as a reference for clinicians managing pain in cancer patients. Patients are embracing integrative therapies in growing numbers; clinicians must be prepared to incorporate these therapies into patients' existing treatment regimens. This requires knowledge regarding risks, benefits, and potential interactions with existing cancer therapies. Integrative cancer pain management strategies have shown promise, with several proven effective for the management of cancer pain. Energy therapies, including acupuncture, and biologicals and nutraceuticals including overall diet and vitamin D, have the highest level of evidence for efficacy. The remaining therapies discussed in this chapter may be beneficial for patients on a case-by-case basis; risks and benefits of each individual therapy as described in the text must be further assessed in future rigorous trials to further clarify the role of these complementary therapies in cancer pain management.

Opposing Effects of Cannabidiol in Patient-derived Neuroendocrine Tumor, Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma Primary Cultures.

Treatment options for advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are still limited. In recent years, antitumor effects of cannabinoids have been reported; however, there are only very limited data available in NETs or PPGLs. Investigation of the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on patient-derived human NET/PPGL primary cultures and on NET/PPGL cell lines. We established primary cultures derived from 46 different patients with PPGLs (n = 35) or NETs (n = 11) who underwent tumor resection at 2 centers. Treatment of patient primary cultures with clinically relevant doses (5 µM) and slightly higher doses (10 µM) of CBD was performed. We found opposing effects of 5 µM CBD: significant antitumor effects in 5/35 (14%) and significant tumor-promoting effects in 6/35 (17%) of PPGL primary cultures. In terms of antitumor effects, cluster 2-related PPGLs showed significantly stronger responsivity to CBD compared to cluster 1-related PPGLs (P = .042). Of the cluster 2-related tumors, NF1 PPGLs showed the strongest responsivity (4/5 PPGL primary cultures with a significant decrease in cell viability were NF1-mutated). We also found opposing effects of 10 µM CBD in PPGLs and NETs: significant antitumor effects in 9/33 of PPGL (27%) and 3/11 of NET (27%) primary cultures and significant tumor-promoting effects in 6/33 of PPGL (18%) and 2/11 of NET (18%) primary cultures. We suggest a potential novel treatment option for some NETs/PPGLs but also provide evidence for caution when applying cannabinoids as supportive therapy for pain or appetite management to cancer patients and possibly as health supplements.

Comparative Analysis of Stereotactic Radiation Therapy and Conventional Radiation Therapy in Cancer Pain Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

AimsApproximately 55% of patients diagnosed with primary or metastatic cancer endure pain directly attributable to the disease. Consequently, it becomes imperative to address pain management through a comparative analysis of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) and conventional radiation therapy (CRT), especially in light of the less efficacious improvement achieved solely through pharmacological interventions. Materials and methodsA systematic exploration was undertaken on PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Elsevier's ScienceDirect databases to identify studies that compare Stereotactic Radiotherapy to Conventional radiation therapy for pain management in individuals with metastatic bone cancer. The analyses were executed utilizing the random-effects model. ResultsA cohort of 1152 participants with metastatic bone cancer was analyzed, demonstrating significantly higher complete pain relief in the Stereotactic Radiotherapy group during both early and late follow-up (RR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.23, p-value: 0.004; I2: 0%). Stereotactic Radiotherapy also showed a non-significant increase in the incidence of partial pain relief (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.34, p-value: 0.56; I2: 18%). Furthermore, Stereotactic Radiotherapy was associated with a significantly reduced risk of stationary pain throughout follow-up (RR: 0.61; 95%CI: 0.48, 0.76, p-value: <0.0001; I2: 0. The incidence of progressive pain was non-significantly reduced with Stereotactic Radiotherapy during both early and late follow-up (RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.50, 1.17, p-value: 0.22; I2: 0%). Secondary outcomes exhibited a non-significant trend favoring Stereotactic Radiotherapy for dysphagia, esophagitis, pain, and radiodermatitis, while a non-significant increase was observed for nausea, fatigue, and vertebral compression fracture. ConclusionIn summary, stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) has improved in achieving complete pain relief while exhibiting a decreased probability of delivering stationary pain compared to conventional radiation therapy (CRT). Nevertheless, it is crucial in future research to address a noteworthy limitation, specifically, the risk of vertebral compression fracture.

Interventional Therapies in Cancer Pain Management: Why the Under-Utilization?

Interventional Therapies in Cancer Pain Management: Why the Under-Utilization?

Relaksasi Otot Progresif dalam Manajemen Nyeri Pembedahan Ortopedi

This writing aims to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation as a non-pharmacological therapy that can be used as a complementary or additional therapy in pain management in patients after orthopedic surgery. The method used was a systematic search for articles through the PubMed, Science Direct, Proquest, and Francis Taylor databases and published from 2013 to 2023 using the keywords "progressive muscle relaxation" AND "Pain" OR "Postoperative Pain" AND "Orthopedics surgery." From the search results, 11,262 articles were obtained, and it was determined that five articles that met the inclusion criteria were RCT (Randomized Control Trial) research studies. The study's results showed that 521 patients who met the inclusion criteria reported significant pain differences between the intervention and control groups. The intervention group given progressive muscle relaxation showed better pain reduction than the control group. The heterogeneity of study participants included patients after lumbar surgery (lumbar disc herniation, microdiscectomy, laminectomy), after TKA (Total Knee arthroplasty), and after tibiofibular fracture surgery. Four research articles provided progressive muscle relaxation interventions without combining them with other interventions, while one research article combined progressive muscle relaxation with other interventions in the form of physiotherapy. In conclusion, the latest evidence from several studies shows the role of progressive muscle relaxation as an additional or complementary therapy in managing pain in patients after orthopedic surgery, whether given together or without in combination with other interventions, shows positive results in helping reduce pain. Keywords: Pain, Orthopedic Surgery, Progressive Muscle Relaxation