Hypnotherapy, Relaxation, and Music Therapy in Pediatric Cancer Pain Management: A Clinical Trial Comparison

Background Workers in the financial industry generally face high pressure and high competition in the working environment, and have a high risk of mental health, including a high incidence of schizophrenia. Patients are usually accompanied by cognitive disorders, emotional disorders and impaired social functions, which seriously affect their quality of life and work ability. At present, the main use of drug intervention, but the efficacy is limited and may produce drug resistance and adverse reactions. Music therapy, which can regulate emotions, relieve stress and improve cognitive function, has gradually become a potential adjuvant therapy. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the effect of music therapy on financial practitioners with schizophrenia. The study evaluated the intervention effect of music therapy on the symptoms of financial practitioners, explored its application prospects and mechanisms, and provided references for personalized treatment programs. Methods A randomized controlled trial design was used to enroll 120 financial practitioners diagnosed with schizophrenia. All participants were randomly divided 1:1 into music therapy (n=60) and control (n=60) groups. The music therapy group received a 60-minute music therapy intervention twice a week for 12 weeks, in addition to their usual medication. Music therapy includes guided music listening, rhythmic interaction, and emotional expression activities that are personalized to match subjects’ musical preferences. The control group received only conventional drug treatment and no additional non-drug intervention. Symptom assessment measures included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which were measured at baseline, at week 6, and at the end of the intervention. In addition, acceptance and adherence to the intervention were assessed using satisfaction surveys. Results Baseline assessment showed no statistically significant differences in gender composition, mean age, duration of disease, or symptom score between the two groups (P>0.05). After the intervention, the total score of PANSS in the music therapy group was 62.3±12.4, while that in the control group was 73.5±11.2, which was significantly lower than that in the music therapy group (P<0.05). Further sub analysis showed that the negative symptom score of the music therapy group was 23.6±5.1, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (27.8±6.4, P<0.05). In terms of depressive symptoms, BDI scores in the music therapy group decreased from 28.5±6.8 to 18.4±5.2 at baseline (P<0.05), and BDI scores in the control group decreased from 28.7±7.0 to 23.4±6.7 (P<0.05). Discussion Our findings suggest that music stress reduction therapy significantly improves the clinical symptoms of financial practitioners with schizophrenia. By guiding emotional expression, relieving stress and promoting social interaction, music therapy has a positive effect on patients’ emotional regulation and recovery of social function. This non-invasive and personalized intervention is easy to accept and provides feasibility for the adjuvant treatment of schizophrenia. Future studies should further validate its long-term effects and explore its underlying biological mechanisms to provide more support for the integrated management of schizophrenia. Funding No. KJQN202304406; No. Z233173; No. K24ZG3260163.

BACKGROUNDIntensive care units (ICUs) are stressful milieus for patients, particularly when under mechanical ventilation. Music is a non-pharmacological intervention that has shown a positive impact on physiological and psychological parameters in patients on mechanical ventilation.AIMTo evaluate outcome of music therapy on patients who are critically ill to note the effect on ICU stays.METHODSOne-hundred-and-thirty-six adult patients with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation for 48 hours or more were randomized into the music therapy or routine care (control) groups. Patients were assessed for weaning criteria before music therapy was given. If eligible, a 30-minute music therapy was given prior to the extubation. Vital parameters were recorded at 5-minute intervals of therapy. Visual Analog Scale (VAS)-Dyspnea and VAS-Anxiety (VAS-A) were assessed before and after therapy. Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale and Numerical Rating Scale scoring were conducted.RESULTSThe difference in times of ventilator support in the music therapy intervention group (58.22 ± 14.90 hours) and the control group (56.88 ± 13.10 hours) was not statistically significant. ICU length of stay was significantly lower in the music therapy group (4.97 ± 1.70 days vs control group: 5.70 ± 1.74 days). ICU mortality was significantly lower in the music therapy group as compared with the control group (7.4% vs 19.1%; P = 0.043). At 0 minute the VAS-A scores of the music therapy (6.82 ± 1.36) and control group (7.07 ± 1.07) were comparable. During the remainder of the observation period, the VAS score of the music therapy group was significantly lower than that of the control group.CONCLUSIONMusic therapy is an inexpensive non-pharmacological intervention for patients in the ICU. However, future multicenter studies are warranted before routinely using music therapy in patients in the ICU.

Background. Pain after breast cancer surgery leads to long term disability. Music therapy is non-invasive, inexpensive supplementary therapy way, which helps to improve emotional and psychological condition, to reduce stress, anxiety and pain. Nevertheless, there is a lot of knowledge about the benefts of music therapy, and it is a lack of scientifc research, which could advocate for music therapy beneft after breast cancer surgery. Research aim. To evaluate music therapy effect on women pain after breast cancer surgery. Research tasks. To assess the pain of women using a visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after the application of music therapy in the study and control groups. Methods. An analysis of scientifc / medical literature was made. Quantitative research method was selected. Criteria for involvement into scientifc research were women after breast cancer surgery. In research group music therapy was applied. It consisted of 25 patients with an average age of 52.23 ± 9, 04 years. A control group consisted of 25 patients with an average age of 56.17 ± 7.84 years. Music therapy was not applied in control group. The research instrument was the VAS. The data were collected before the application of music therapy and after. Music therapy sessions were used after breast cancer surgery the whole period of rehabilitation. Sessions were held in a recreation room 6 times a week, session duration of 30 – minute. The Baroque and the New Age music were used in music therapy sessions. Listening to music, women were asked to close their eyes, relax and breathe deeply. To ensure the most accurate results of the study participants were asked to avoid listening additional music. Results. Before using music therapy the difference of pain intensity data (measured by VAS) was not statistically signifcant in the research and control groups. After music therapy the study group showed a statistically signifcant decrease in pain intensity: before music therapy pain intensity score of 6.54 ± 1.45, after music therapy – 3 ± 0.98 points (p < 0.001); control group pain intensity also decreased: before music therapy 5.58 ± 1.56 points, after music therapy 2.88 ± 1.91 points. Conclusion. After breast cancer surgery, and after the completed rehabilitation, pain decreased in the research group, where music therapy was applied (p < 0.001); in the control group, where music therapy was not applied, pain also decreased. (p < 0.05). Difference between the change of pain in study group and in control group was not statistically signifcant. Pain change in the study group was not signifcantly higher than the control group.Keywords: music therapy, pain, breast cancer.

To evaluate the impact of preoperative Music Therapy (MT) on pain in first-trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP) under local anaesthesia. Randomised controlled trial comparing women undergoing a first-trimester TOP under local anaesthesia with or without a preoperative MT session. University Hospital of Angers from November 2016 to August 2017. Women who underwent first-trimester TOP under local anaesthesia. Women allocated to the MT group underwent a preoperative 20-minute session of MT. Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) just before the procedure, during the procedure, at the end of the procedure and upon returning to the ward. A total of 159 women were randomised (80 in the MT group, and 79 in the control group). Two women were excluded from the control group and six from the MT group. Therefore, 77 women were analysed in the control group and 74 in the MT group. The intensity of pain was similar in the two groups just before the procedure (VAS 4.0±2.9 versus 3.6±2.5; P=0.78), during the procedure (VAS 5.3±2.5 versus 4.9±2.9; P=0.78), at the end of the procedure (VAS 2.7±2.4 versus 2.6±2.4; P=0.43) and upon returning to the ward (VAS 1.8±2.0 versus 1.5±2.0; P=0.84). The difference in pain between entering the department and returning to the room after the procedure was similar between the MT and control groups (difference in VAS 0.3±2.5 versus 0.3±2.4; P=0.92). An MT session before a TOP under local anaesthesia procedure resulted in no improvement in patient perception of pain during a first-trimester TOP. Music therapy before first-trimester termination of pregnancy under local anaesthesia did not improve the perception of pain.

Effect of virtual reality and music therapy on anxiety and perioperative pain in surgical extraction of impacted third molars

Comparing the effects of geranium aromatherapy and music therapy on the anxiety level of patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery: A clinical trial

Procedures are frequently performed under regional or local anaesthesia, where patients maintain a level of consciousness. This has been associated with heightened pre- and intraprocedural anxiety levels, which may increase the risk of emotional distress and worsen patient outcomes. Music therapy has been proposed as an effective non-pharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety levels. This is a pilot study aimed at evaluating the effect of music therapy on anxiety and perceived pain during intravitreal injections (IVI) in the Singaporean context. Study participants were randomised into groups with and without music therapy. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (state subscale) before and after IVI. The patients' perceptions of pain and discomfort were rated on a visual analogue scale. Fifty and 51 patients were assigned to the music therapy and control groups, respectively. After IVI, anxiety levels were lower in the music therapy group than the control group (-5.94 ± 10.81 vs. -5.02 ± 7.59; P = 0.62), although the difference was not statistically significant. The levels of pain and discomfort reported by patients in both groups were comparable. In the setting of IVIs, anxiety levels among patients receiving music therapy were reduced compared to those who had no music therapy, although the difference in anxiety levels was not statistically significant. Future studies should evaluate the impact of patient autonomy over the choice of music on the effectiveness of music therapy.

To explore the effects of music video therapy on pain among preschool children after cardiothoracic surgery. Patients in the music video therapy (MVT) group received a 30-min music video intervention, while patients in the music therapy (MT) group received a 30-min musical intervention. Both groups were given their respective therapy three times a day for three days. Patients in the control group did not receive MVT or MV. Measures, including pain scores, vital signs (heart rate, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation), and other postoperative indicators were recorded and analyzed. The MVT group showed a statistically significant decrease in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and respiratory rate at the first day after surgery and pain scores at the first and second day after surgery compared to the MT group, but no significant difference was identified in oxygen saturation. The postoperative indicators including cumulative capacity of sufentanil use, the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and the length of hospital stay in the MVT group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The findings provide further evidence to support the practice of music video therapy as a non-pharmaceutical intervention to reduce postoperative pain, reduce the dosage of analgesics, shorten the length of ICU and hospital stay in preschool children after the cardiothoracic surgery.

Background: With the increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnostic radiology, the problem of anxiety is also encountered more often in patients undergoing MRI. Anxious patients may not co-operate well with the procedure resulting in poor image quality. Repetition of sequences to acquire the images of better quality prolongs the total scan time and precludes optimal patient experience. For satisfactory completion and clinical usefulness of the scan, patient compliance is vital. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of video-based education (VBE) versus music therapy (MT) on anxiety, experience, and co-operation among patients undergoing MRI. Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled trial pre- and posttest-based study was carried out among 90 patients undergoing MRI who were randomly allocated to VBE group (30), MT group (30), and control group (30). The data on anxiety, experience, and cooperation were collected using the appropriate tools. Patients in VBE group were provided with VBE, patients in MT group received MT and control group received routine procedural instructions. Results: No significant differences were found in VBE group, MT group, and control group in terms of posttest anxiety scores. With regard to mean experience scores, the VBE group had better experience (81.70 ± 3.153) as compared to the control group (77.27 ± 6.817). A significant strong positive correlation was found between experience and co-operation of patients in VBE group (r = 0.860, P < 0.001) and MT group (r = 0.640). All of the patients (100%) agreed that VBE was easy to understand and also suggested to use VBE for all patients undergoing MRI procedure. Most of the patients (96.7%) found MT effective during the waiting time of MRI procedure and useful for diverting the mind. Conclusions: Both VBE and MT were effective in improving the experience and co-operation of patients undergoing MRI as compared to routine procedural instructions in the control group.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of music therapy as an adjunctive nursing method for postoperative pain management in patients with oral cancer.Methods:This retrospective study analysed 106 patients who underwent oral cancer surgery at the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army between June 2022 and June 2024. Patients were divided into standard care (n = 51) and music therapy (n = 55) groups in accordance with different postoperative nursing methods. The music therapy group received structured music therapy in addition to standard care. Outcome measures included analgesic medication usage; scores on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain assessment, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15); and physiological indicators (blood pressure, heart rate [HR], cortisol, dopamine (DA) and inflammatory factor levels).Results:On postoperative day 7, the music therapy group demonstrated lower VAS scores (P < 0.05) and reduced analgesic medication consumption (P < 0.05) compared with the standard care group. On postoperative day 7, the SAS and PSQI scores of the music therapy group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of the standard care group. In terms of physiological indicators, on postoperative day 7, the music therapy group had significantly lower systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, HR, cortisol levels and interleukin-1β levels but significantly higher DA levels (P < 0.05) than the standard care group. The quality of recovery assessment revealed that the music therapy group had significantly higher scores on all five dimensions of the QoR-15 and total scores (P < 0.05) than the standard care group.Conclusion:Music therapy demonstrates modest pain relief effects combined with reduced analgesic requirements whilst significantly improving sleep, anxiety and recovery quality.

To investigate the effect of music therapy on infants who underwent mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted in a provincial hospital in southeast China. The subjects were randomly divided into the music therapy (MT) group and the control group. Both groups were given standardized sedation treatment and routine nursing. Infants in the MT group received 60 min of MT three times a day. The sedation medication, Richmond sedation agitation scale (RASS) score, incidence of delirium, mechanical ventilation duration, length of cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) stay, restraint belt use time, and successful ventilation withdrawal rate were collected. Infants in the control group had a higher total amount of on-demand midazolam (p = .039). Infants in the MT group had a significantly lower incidence of delirium, shorter mechanical ventilation duration, and restraint band use time (p = .047, p = .046, and p = .038, respectively). Although infants in the MT group had a higher success rate of ventilation withdrawal, lower RASS scores, and shorter ICU stay, the difference was not statistically significant (p = .427, p = .585, and p = .068, respectively). MT in the ICU can reduce the use of on-demand sedative drugs, shorten mechanical ventilation, and reduce the occurrence of delirium in infants who underwent mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. MT is a safe and reliable treatment and worthy of clinical application.

To investigate the effects of music therapy on anxiety, perceived pain, and satisfaction in patients undergoing intravitreal injections in the outpatient setting. This is a randomized clinical trial. Seventy-three patients were recruited from the retina clinic at 1 institution and randomized into a music therapy (n=37) or control (n=36) group. Prior to injection, patients completed the state portion of the Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). The music therapy group listened to classical music through computer speakers while waiting for and during the injection. The control group underwent the injection in the same setting without music. Afterward, all patients completed another STAI-S and a satisfaction and pain questionnaire. The main outcome measures were objective anxiety derived from STAI-S scores and subjective pain and anxiety from the post procedure questionnaire. The music therapy group had a greater decrease in anxiety than the control group (P=0.0480). Overall, 73% of all patients requested music for future injections (P=0.0001). The music therapy group (84%) requested music in future injections more frequently than the control group (61%) (P=0.0377). Both groups reported similar levels of pain (P=0.5879). Classical music before and during intravitreal injections decreases anxiety in patients without decreasing pain. Most patients desire to have music during future injections. Music therapy is a low-cost, easy, safe intervention that reduces anxiety during intravitreal injections in the outpatient setting.

Postoperative pain is caused by surgical injury and trauma; is stressful to patients; and includes a series of physiologic, psychological, and behavioral reactions. Effective postoperative analgesia helps improve postoperative pain, perioperative safety, and hospital discharge rates. This study aimed to observe the influence of postoperative intravenous sufentanil patient-controlled analgesia combined with music therapy versus sufentanil alone on hemodynamics and analgesia in patients with lung cancer. This was a randomized parallel study performed in 60 patients in American Society of Anesthesiologists class I or II undergoing lung cancer resection at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University. Patients were randomly assigned to a music therapy (MT) group and a control (C) group. The MT group underwent preoperative and postoperative music intervention while the C group did not. Both groups received intravenous patient-controlled sufentanil analgesia. The primary outcome was the visual analogue scale (VAS) score at 24 hours after surgery. The secondary outcomes included hemodynamic changes (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate), changes on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), total consumption of sufentanil, number of uses, sedation, and adverse effects. The postoperative sufentanil dose and analgesia frequency were recorded. Compared with the C group, the MT group had significantly lower VAS score, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and SAS score within 24 hours after surgery (p < 0.01). In addition, postoperative analgesia frequency and sufentanil dose were reduced in the MT group (p < 0.01). Combined music therapy and sufentanil improves intravenous patient-controlled analgesia effects compared with sufentanil alone after lung cancer surgery. Lower doses of sufentanil could be administered to more effectively improve patients' cardiovascular parameters.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy and deep relaxation technique (DRT) in reducing perioperative anxiety, a challenging occurrence that can negatively impact treatment results and patient distress, and mitigate the adverse effects of anxiety-reducing drugs. The study involved 90 patients, including 28 using DRT, 31 using music therapy, and 31 without intervention. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was employed to measure perioperative anxiety levels. DRT, music therapy, and routine interventions were used. The study found a significant difference in pretest and posttest perioperative anxiety scores between the DRT and music therapy groups. Notably, there was a significant difference between the music therapy and control groups and a highly significant difference between the control and DRT groups. The study found that both music therapy and DRT can effectively reduce perioperative anxiety in patients undergoing spinal surgeries.

A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of music therapy on the social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder.