Relevant Theories Research Articles

Research on Software Vulnerability Detection Methods Based on Deep Learning

This paper aims to investigate software vulnerability detection methods based on deep learning to address the ever-growing challenges in software security. With the rapid development of information technology, software vulnerabilities have become the primary targets of cyberattacks, posing severe threats to economic, military, and social security. By analyzing the limitations of existing software vulnerability detection methods, this paper explores the potential applications of deep learning technology in this field. Through a literature review, relevant theories of software vulnerabilities are introduced, including the concept, types, and impacts of vulnerabilities. Subsequently, detailed descriptions of deep learning-based vulnerability detection methods are provided, encompassing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and their variant LSTM, as well as the application of program slicing techniques in vulnerability detection. By evaluating and improving existing deep learning models, a novel deep learning-based vulnerability detection framework is proposed, with its workflow and technical principles elaborated. The proposed deep learning-based vulnerability detection method can effectively enhance the accuracy and efficiency of software vulnerability detection, reduce reliance on expert knowledge, and lower human resource costs. Experimental results demonstrate that this method performs exceptionally well on multiple datasets, indicating broad application prospects and significant research value. The deep learning-based software vulnerability detection method offers new insights and tools for addressing current software security challenges. In the future, with the continuous development and improvement of deep learning technology, this method will play an even more crucial role in the field of software vulnerability detection.

A caution on sibling comparisons in studying effects of the rearing environment

Abstract Recent studies use sibling fixed effects to estimate the influence of the family environment on children, a practice we call the ‘discordant family design’. These studies suffer from a disconnect between the use of within-family variation, on the one hand, and relevant theories which mostly refer to variation between families on the other. In addition, reverse causality, within-family confounding, selection into identification, and measurement error complicate their interpretation further. We discuss three applied examples—the effects of parenting, family income, and neighbourhood context—and provide some general guidance. To avoid misinterpretation, researchers should have a strong grasp of the variance that enters into estimation, and not just the potential confounders a given strategy is designed to deal with.

Observational Study on Passenger Behavior in the Beijing Subway

To understand the primary behaviors of contemporary passengers during subway travel, a traditional observational research method was employed to observe and record the behaviors of individuals in the last car of Beijing Subway Line 5. The observed behaviors were then analyzed and explained using relevant theories. The results indicated that: a. The main behaviors of subway passengers included activities such as using mobile phones, sleeping, daydreaming, reading, and interacting with others. b. The predominant use of mobile phones was closely related to the development of the internet era and the widespread adoption of smartphones. c. The limited communication and interaction among subway passengers were linked to the phenomenon of interpersonal apathy prevalent in modern society.

Greenwashing practices and ESG reporting: an international review

PurposeThis study provides an overview of the numerous theoretical facets of greenwashing (GW) and their relationship with sustainability, social responsibility and sustainable development. This study highlights the actions of governments and international organizations in GW. It delves into the sins of GW and the various metrics used in the literature to measure them. It seeks to distinguish between sustainability reporting and GW practices by offering a critical perspective on GW.Design/methodology/approachThis study measures GW practices at the international level and compares them with the ESG disclosure score. The main determinants of GW are assessed by examining the impact of a set of variables on GW. The influence of various sources used to gather the data were assessed using multiple regression analysis.FindingsFactors such as protocols and conventions, media role and the strength of environmental policies have a considerable and positive impact on the occurrence of GW.Research limitations/implicationsOwing to the research method chosen for measuring variables such as GW scores, procedures for measuring GW in companies should be developed. Multicriteria modeling could be a suitable approach to address the sorting or portfolio approach.Originality/valueThis study provides a theoretical basis for examining GW from a business-economic standpoint. It presents various perspectives on GW, analyzes relevant theories and explores potential GW strategies. This study highlights the connection between GW and various factors, including the influence of conventions, role of the media and strength of environmental policies.

Research on the Application of Statistical Anomaly Detection in Tobacco Sales Anomaly Detection

With the rapid development of a new generation of information technology, digitalization and informatization have become key factors in enhancing the core competitiveness of the tobacco industry. Detecting and monitoring abnormal tobacco sales behaviors play a vital role in combating illegal transactions and ensuring the healthy development of the tobacco industry. Manual identification of abnormal sales behaviors presents practical issues, such as low efficiency, strong subjectivity, and a reliance on accumulated experience. Utilizing statistical probability theory to help the tobacco bureau determine the threshold for defining abnormal sales behavior can effectively improve the efficiency of anomaly detection. This study applies relevant theories of statistical anomaly detection in combination with practical production needs, establishing four threshold criteria for identifying abnormal sales behaviors: the number of days without retail data, the ratio of daily sales volume to the sales volume of the previous seven days, the number of days of available sales, and the number of days with scanning activity per week. These criteria make it possible to automate and dynamically identify abnormal sales behaviors in subsequent sales situations.

Dividend Policy and Share Price Volatility of Listed Construction Firms at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

The inherent volatility in all stock market scares low risk takers from the financial market and is capable of deterring investments. One of the factors that drives investors’ reactions to stock pricing is the dividend policy. This study examined the influence of dividend policy on the volatility of stock prices of construction firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange for the period spanning five (5) years from 2019 to 2023. The study was dealt with on the following objectives; to examine the influence of dividend pay-out on share price volatility of listed construction firms at the NSE, Kenya, to determine the influence of dividend yield on share price volatility of listed construction firms at the NSE, Kenya. The study was guided by the: Dividend relevance theory, and dividend irrelevance theory. This study adopted a correlational research design while dealing with the research objectives. A census method was employed in data collection before analysis of the audited financial statements that was downloaded from the firm websites in arriving at detailed and well informed conclusions by employing Multiple regression, Correlation and ANOVA techniques using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to establish the existence (or lack of it) of the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable of the study. The findings revealed that dividend policy influenced share price volatility by; dividend pay-out ratio (r=0.111, β=0.036, t=4.7240); and dividend yield (r= -0.018, β= -0.003, t= 2.7130). The study recommended that potential and existing investors should opt for listed firms in the construction sector with a high dividend payout ratio compared to the earnings generated by the firms; Investors to invest in firms with high dividend payouts. The study achieved its main objective. Keywords: Dividend Policy, Dividend Pay-out, Dividend Yield, Share Price Volatility

Triangular state stress and deformation analysis of deformable tracked wheel

The Variable Morphology Wheel-Track Mechanism (VMWTM) is an innovative mobile platform design designed to overcome the limitations of traditional track and wheel designs in different terrains and mission requirements. Based on the importance of the crawler wheel in the tracked vehicle, the vehicle transmission shaft transmits the power and torque of the power source to the crawler chassis, so the overall working performance of the vehicle depends to a certain extent on the performance of the crawler wheel. In-depth and detailed research on the structure of the track wheel module is an important issue in the current vehicle design and manufacturing work. Based on the relevant theories and technologies of the finite element method, this paper conducts in-depth analysis and design. Taking the whole crawler wheel mechanism and the key components as the analysis object, the basic research method is the finite element method. The working principle of the crawler wheel is analyzed, and the load calculation, stress characteristics and structural strength of the key components of the triangular crawler wheel module are deeply explored according to the technical requirements and actual working conditions.

The Implementation and Implications of Sustainable Development Goals at City Scale and Sustainable Urban Development Path

Cities were products of human social development, but the environmental pollution problems brought by high-density buildings and high-density populations in cities had become increasingly serious. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals proposed by the United Nations in 2015 were closely related to urban sustainable development issues. Based on it, this article analyzed the impact of SDGs and related theories on urban sustainable development and possible development directions. Starting from the impact of SDGs on urban sustainable development, elaborated on their impact on already implemented urban sustainable projects and relevant theories. It concluded that the future development of sustainable cities should be based on existing cities, with different focuses on developed and developing countries, but both require the protection of historical value landscapes and the greening of existing facilities. By explaining the theories and practical cases related to SDGs and sustainable cities, hoping to provide a reference and guidance for the path of urban sustainable development.

Analysis of Employee Satisfaction in Non-Profit Organisations - Based on a Survey of an Association in Nanjing City

Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the gradual expansion of the non-profit organization team, its related needs in human resource management have become increasingly urgent. And the related research on human resource management in non-profit organizations has gradually attracted attention. However, compared with the more mature research on human resource management in for-profit organizations, there are relatively few studies on human resource management in non-profit organizations. This paper selects employee satisfaction as the starting point to study the human resource management of non-profit organizations. Employee satisfaction, as one of the dimensions for judging the human resource management level of non-profit organizations, can detect problems in the human resource management of the organization as early as possible and make corresponding improvements to meet the needs of employees and enhance their work enthusiasm. At the same time, employee satisfaction can also predict employees' mobility intentions and become an important reference for preventing brain drain in advance. This research is based on the relevant theory of job satisfaction, using a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews as research methods. Take an association in Nanjing as an example to conduct field research and analysis on employee satisfaction in non-profit organizations. In-depth analysis, using SPSS software to carry out descriptive statistical analysis on the data collected by the questionnaire survey and test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire results, found the shortcomings of human resource management in non-profit organizations. Through relevant theoretical analysis, taking into account the actual situation of the association, it puts forward corresponding improvement measures and suggestions for the human resource management of non-profit organizations.

“A las riberas de mis ojos”: Reflections on Relevance and Motor Resonance (Kinesis) in Early-Modern Spanish Poetry

Abstract This article reflects on recent work (predominantly on Anglophone and Francophone contexts) that blends Relevance Theory with an embodied account of language that is particularly sensitive to the kinesic features of the poetic text. Early-modern Spanish poetry is generally sidelined from these discussions. Representative poems by the Conde de Salinas and Gabriel Bocángel will be taken, therefore, as a testing ground in which to explore how insights afforded by relevance theory, as complementary to other considerations, might encourage a deep and transformative reading in relation to the experienced world.

Marketing Strategy Proposal to Rebound the Declining Revenue of Burger King Indonesia in the Covid Aftermath Period

The primary objective of this study is to propose a marketing strategy to address the decrease in revenue experienced by Burger King Indonesia in the year 2022 following the COVID-19 pandemic as practical guidance for Burger King Indonesia and other businessmen to navigate the complexities of the current market landscape. This study is still necessary to understand that shifting consumer behavior, changes in market conditions, and business operational disruptions are the causes of the problem. The research design uses a thematic analysis method involving the available company data, relevant marketing theories, and the results of questionnaires, community surveys, and interviews with managers and customers. By analyzing the effects of the pandemic faced by Burger King Indonesia, this research aims to pinpoint strategic areas for improvement. Diverse analyses are used, such as VRIO Framework, STP, Marketing Mix, PESTEL, PORTER's Five Forces, Competitor analysis, SWOT, TOWS analysis, and author’s interview and questionnaire surveys to determine the present circumstances of Burger King Indonesia. The proposed marketing strategy highlights the importance of five specific actions in their implementation: product innovation, digital transformation, sustainability campaign, promotion via mobile app, and partnership and collaborations with delivery services to adapt to evolving consumer preferences. To address this goal, Burger King Indonesia must make strategic adjustments parallel to the present circumstances by understanding consumer preferences, optimizing operations, promoting sustainability initiatives, and strengthening its brand position. Through the implementation of this comprehensive strategy, Burger King Indonesia aims to improve customer satisfaction, foster loyalty, and attain overall market success in the post pandemic period. This strategy not only addresses the immediate challenges posed by the pandemic but also positions Burger King Indonesia for long-term success.

Revisão integrativa sobre motivação para missões de paz

Understanding the elements that influence military volunteering for peacekeeping missions, an activity as relevant to the world as it is dangerous for those involved, can be essential to the success of these operations, as motivation plays a crucial role in determining the degree of commitment, performance, and resilience of those involved. To this end, an integrative review was carried out, aiming to explore and analyze articles related to the motivations of military personnel to participate in peacekeeping missions. The research consisted of a synthetic analysis of empirical studies, relevant theories, and practical approaches adopted by researchers on the subject, with five articles on the subject being analyzed. In summary, the findings of the studies presented suggest that selection and training processes for peacekeeping missions must be flexible, adaptable, and address the individual motivations, skills, and needs of soldiers. Additionally, providing support throughout the mission and opportunities to reflect on experiences after returning is crucial. This can help institutions develop policies, practices, strategies, and programs aimed at the psychological development of these individuals, reducing the rates of illness and psychological suffering among military personnel and promoting the success of operations.

Research on the "Dual System" Talent Cultivation Model of School-Enterprise Cooperation

Taking the packaging planning and design major as the research object, this paper focuses on the application of the "dual system" talent cultivation model of school-enterprise cooperation. By deeply analyzing relevant educational theories and extensively collecting and studying practical cases at home and abroad, the purpose is to comprehensively and deeply reveal the significant advantages of this cultivation model in improving the practical ability of packaging major students and enhancing their adaptability to the rapidly changing market demands. On this basis, this research further discusses the challenges and problems faced by this model in the implementation process from multiple dimensions, such as the depth and breadth of school-enterprise cooperation, the rationality of curriculum setting, and the effectiveness of practical teaching. At the same time, combined with the actual situation and development trends, a series of practical optimization strategies and constructive suggestions are put forward in a targeted manner to promote the more perfect and efficient operation of the "dual system" talent cultivation model in the packaging major and provide strong support and guarantee for cultivating high-quality packaging planning and design talents.

An Analytical Study on the Relationship Between Parental Influence and Juvenile Delinquency

This critical study aims to examine the complex relationship between parental influence and juvenile delinquency. The research explores various factors within the realm of parental influence that contribute to the development of delinquent behavior in juveniles. By critically analyzing existing literature, empirical studies, and relevant theories, this research sheds light on the multidimensional nature of this relationship. Additionally, it investigates the impact of different parenting styles, family dynamics, and parental involvement on juvenile delinquency. The research method followed is descriptive research. The data collected through questionnaire and the sampling size is 206 collected through convenient sampling. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers, aiding in the development of effective intervention strategies to prevent and address juvenile delinquency. Keywords: Parental influence, Juvenile delinquency, Parental styles, Behaviour, Adolescence.

Changing the conversation: impact of guidelines designed to optimize interprofessional facilitation of simulation-based team training

BackgroundInterprofessional simulation-based team training (ISBTT) is commonly used to optimize interprofessional teamwork in healthcare. The literature documents the benefits of ISBTT, yet effective interprofessional collaboration continues to be challenged by complex hierarchies and power dynamics. Explicitly addressing these issues during ISBTT may help participants acquire skills to navigate such challenges, but guidelines on how to do this are limited.MethodsWe applied an educational design research approach to develop and pilot structured facilitator guidelines that explicitly address power and hierarchy with interprofessional teams. We conducted this work in a previously established ISBTT program at our institution, between September 2020 and December 2021. We first reviewed the literature to identify relevant educational theories and developed design principles. We subsequently designed, revised, and tested guidelines. We used qualitative thematic and content analysis of facilitator interviews and video-recording of IBSTT sessions to evaluate the effects of the guidelines on the pre- and debriefs.ResultsQualitative content analysis showed that structured guidelines shifted debriefing participation and content. Debriefings changed from physician-led discussions with a strong focus on medical content to conversations with more equal participation by nurses and physicians and more emphasis on teamwork and communication. The thematic analysis further showed how the conversation during debriefing changed and how interprofessional learning improved after the implementation of the guidelines. While power and hierarchy were more frequently discussed, for many facilitators these topics remained challenging to address.ConclusionWe successfully created and implemented guidelines for ISBTT facilitators to explicitly address hierarchy and power. Future work will explore how this approach to ISBTT impacts interprofessional collaboration in clinical practice.

Recognition on the vital parts of the human body in traumatology, forensic medicine and acupuncture from Laoguanshan unearthed bamboo slips of metal-weapon-injury induced lethal symptoms

Eleven bamboo slips of metal-weapon-injury induced lethal symptoms, unearthed in Laoguanshan, reflect the understanding of the vital parts of human body by ancient medical masters. Through the longitudinal research of Laoguanshan unearthed bamboo slips of metal-weapon-injury induced lethal symptoms, and the handed-down literature on this aspect, the doubts remained have been clarified on the annotation and the interpretation of Laoguanshan medical bamboo slips; and the reliable road signs been discovered on the path for collating the sources of handed-down literature on metal-weapon injury, and this path had been failed to deepening. Through the horizontal comparison of metal-weapon injury with forensic medicine and acupuncture, it is found that the understanding of the vital parts of the human body, obtained through various ways in thousands of years, is highly agreed with among metal-weapon injury, forensic medicine and acupuncture, except for the differences in the terminology among different disciplines, and the discrepancy in ancient and modern literature because of the misunderstandings of the previous literature by later generations within the same discipline. Therefore, the multi-dimensional evidences have been obtained to support the recognition of the vital parts of the human body in traumatology, reflected in the Laoguanshan bamboo slips of metal-weapon-injury induced lethal symptoms. Additionally, the reliability of the relevant discipline theories, e.g. acupuncture and forensic examination, has been strongly confirmed. It provides a very typical case for solving major academic problems by applying the "dual-attestation method" to research unearthed and handed-down literature. Moreover, it explores a novel approach to the academic study of traditional Chinese medicine, especially to the effective communication among different disciplines.

Strategic Cost Control and Management in Corporations

In today's new situation and new state of affairs, the modernization of society with the gradual development of information technology, with people's consumption level, medical level of life gradually improve the pursuit of culture is more and more diversified, information is more and more prosperous. Various industries and fields have begun a new class of more intense competition, they are not limited to business competition, but need to go from the root of the reasonable integrated planning, in order to put more favorable funds into the follow-up input and important links, so in the current situation to form a good enterprise cost management control is critical to determine the development of the enterprise. This paper will discuss the importance of enterprise cost management control through the four different industries of enterprises according to their characteristics, and provide a certain exploration program, expound the relevant theories of enterprise cost management control, and combined with the status quo to give the basic measures.

The Effects of Forest Gaps on the Physical and Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Soil in Pinus densiflora Sieb. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. Forests

Forest gaps alter the environmental conditions of forest microclimates and significantly affect the biogeochemical cycle of forest ecosystems. This study examined how forest gaps and non-gap areas affect soil’s physical properties and eco-stoichiometric characteristics. Relevant theories and methods were employed to analyze the impact of forest gaps on nutrient cycling in Pinus densiflora Sieb. (PDS) and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (RPL) forests located in the Taishan Mountains. The results revealed that (1) forest gaps significantly enhanced the soil physical properties of PDS and RPL forests compared to non-gap areas (NPs). Notably, the bulk density of the soil decreased by 53%–12%, particularly in the surface layer (0–20 cm). Additionally, its non-capillary porosity increased by 44%–65%, while the clay and silt content rose by 39%–152% and 24%–130%, respectively. Conversely, the sand content decreased significantly, by 24%–32% (p < 0.05). (2) The contents of C, N, and P in the gap soil of PDS forests showed a significant increase compared to those in non-gap soil, with increases of 56%–131% for carbon, 107%–1523% for nitrogen, and 100%–155% for phosphorus. There was a significant drop of 10%–33% and 39%–41% in their C:N and C:P ratios, respectively (p < 0.05). The contents of C and P in the gap soil of the Robinia pseudo acacia L. Forest increased significantly, by 14%–22% and 34.4%–71%, respectively. Its C:P and N:P ratios significantly increased, by 14% to 404% and 11% to 41%, respectively (p < 0.05). (3) Compared with NPs, the forest gap significantly reduced the soil electrical conductivity and increased the soil pH. Additionally, compared to the soil at the gap’s edge, the surface soil in the gap’s center had noticeably higher concentrations of C, N, and P. (4) Key variables affecting the soil pH, silt content, bulk density, and overall porosity in forest gaps include the concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) present and their ecological stoichiometric ratios. The findings showed that forest gaps had a considerable impact on the soil’s physical characteristics and ecological stoichiometry. They also had a high potential for providing nutrients, which might aid in the establishment of plantation plants.

Teachers as silencers: a Q methodology study into teachers’ characteristics contributing to unwillingness to communicate among foreign language learners

ABSTRACT Purpose This Q methodology study explored foreign language learners’ divergent viewpoints on teachers’ characteristics that contribute to unwillingness to communicate (unWTC). Design/methodology/approach Q sorting was administered in-person with 40 Chinese undergraduate students enrolled in several Thai as a Foreign Language courses at a university in Thailand. The students sorted 30 statements, each reflecting distinct teacher characteristics that potentially silence them in the classroom, onto a forced-distribution grid. All Q sorts were analyzed using inverted factor analysis, followed by semi-structured interviews with six of the participants. Findings The findings revealed three profiles of characteristics that contribute to L2 unWTC, namely, the impatient teacher, the uninspiring teacher, and the intimidating teacher. These profiles were found to hinder different groups from engaging in L2 communication. The findings are discussed in relation to relevant educational theories, and implications are presented. Originality/value This study highlights the importance of understanding and addressing specific teacher behaviors that influence learners’ L2 WTC. By identifying and mitigating these behaviors, educational institutions can create more supportive and encouraging learning environments that promote greater engagement and success in language learning.

Mapping the Embarkation Haji dormitory model equivalent to a star rating hotel to empower local communities and improve the national economy

The aim of this research is to map a model for utilizing Hajj dormitories in terms of products, services, management and relevant policies, towards utilizing Hajj dormitories equivalent to star hotels through Hajj dormitory accommodation services to empower local communities and improve the national economy. Specific objective: To realize the management of Hajj dormitories equivalent to star hotels in Indonesia. Research stages: in 2024 research will be carried out on the Medan Hajj embarkation dormitory. Method: This research was carried out descriptively, qualitatively, quantitatively, with a star hotel study approach, as well as community base tourism, as a model for using Hajj dormitories on a par with star hotels. The data was analyzed using the theory of hotel and tourism quality standards, and relevant theories according to the data found at the research site. The research results show a significant value, and equivalently the star hotel rating according to the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy no. 53/2013 shows the results, namely: 1). Product with a score of 429, out of 118 elements assessed, 2). Service with a score of 83 out of 31 elements assessed. , 3). Management with a score of 79 out of 20 elements assessed. Fulfillment just needs to improve 9 elements of the standard target score of 600 according to the business requirements for star hotel ratings. The suggestions are: fulfillment of the annual budget needs to be increased to improve product standards, services, training, competency tests, and direct employee involvement, as well as local community empowerment needs to be maximized.