Orientation Theory Research Articles

A framework for doctoral education in developing students’ mental well-being by integrating the demand and resources of the program: An integrative review

Background: Research on doctoral students’ mental well-being has gained importance in recent years. The findings of such studies were uncertain about the critical demand and resource of a doctoral program that largely influence students’ mental health. This review aims to integrate the literature to bring out the nature, importance and relationship between differentiated demands, contextual and personal resource, and doctoral students’ well-being. Methods: An integrative review was conducted based on the five-stage structure of Whittemore and Knafl. The study identified 45 articles published from 2000 onwards following the Joanna Briggs Institute quality evaluation criteria and PRISMA reporting guidelines for selecting eligible articles. Results: The integrative review findings disclose that the differentiated demand of doctoral program were categorized into challenge-hindrance demand. This demand experienced by doctoral students were grouped as ambiguity in doctoral program structure, resource inadequacy, workload, complexity, and responsibility. In addition, institutional support, research supervisory support, and intrinsic motivation were treated as essential resource to mitigate the effects of the demands of the doctoral program. Conclusions: An integrated conceptual model was built exclusively for doctoral programs and suggests that the universities and supervisors design and structure healthy, constructive doctoral programs. As an outcome of the review, differentiated demands, contextual, personal resources at the doctoral education and mental well-being of students are supported by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, Conservation of Resources, Causality Orientations Theory and Basic Psychological Need Theory respectively. The current review is an initial attempt to synthesize challenge-hindrance demands and contextual-personal resources in determining the mental well-being of doctoral students.

Different and Familiar: Les enfances Renier and the Question of Medieval Orientalism

Abstract Some medievalists use “medieval Orientalism” to address critiques of Edward Said's engagement with the Middle Ages in Orientalism. However, the author of this article argues that “medieval Orientalism” entrenches a divide between the Middle Ages and other time periods, which sequesters medieval objects of study from contributing to the ongoing theorization of critical frameworks. The article analyzes a thirteenth-century Old French text, Les enfances Renier, to demonstrate how a medieval text depicts ambivalence in the face of alterity, a hallmark of recent post-Saidian engagement with Orientalism. The author argues that the nuances and complexities of medieval representations of interfaith encounter contribute to theories of Orientalism.

Is everyone a mix of straight and gay? A social pressure theory of sexual orientation, with supporting data from a large global sample.

Sigmund Freud, Alfred Kinsey, E.O. Wilson, and others have suggested that social pressure suppresses natural tendencies for humans to express bisexuality, the apparent norm for one of our two closest genetic relatives, the bonobo. An analysis of data obtained from a new online sample of 1,150,938 people in 215 countries and territories (63.9% from the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada) who completed the English version of a validated questionnaire of sexual orientation lends support to this idea. A histogram of scores from 0 (exclusive opposite-sex inclinations) to 18 (exclusive same-sex inclinations) forms a near-normal distribution. Although this distribution was likely caused to some extent by sampling bias, it may also reflect the unusual honesty people show when taking online tests anonymously, as an increasing body of evidence demonstrates. We present a formal mathematical expression of a social pressure theory of sexual orientation, along with empirical evidence and computational explorations that support the theory. We also present an analysis of the new data set. Among other findings: sexual orientation labels corresponded to broad, skewed, overlapping distributions of scores. Self-labeled gays/lesbians and, to a greater extent, self-labeled straights, reported that the larger the mismatch between their sexual orientation label and their actual sexual inclinations, the more distress they felt regarding their sexual orientation, a finding that is predictable from cognitive dissonance theory. Educating the public about the true nature of sexual orientation might quell the often rancorous public debates on this topic, as well as give comfort to a large number of mislabeled people.

Investigation of Pirnia's orientation theory (Roon) in Yazd Qajar houses

This paper carefully explains Pirnia's theory regarding the orientation of traditional Iranian cities and buildings (Roon) and investigates the factors involved in this historic architectural phenomenon. For this purpose, 40 traditional Yazd Qajar houses were under study. Most of which are in the Rasteh Roon and close to the southwest direction, and only five contradict the direction that Pirnia had pointed. While the primeval data indicated the theory is strengthening, the investigation followed the fundamental factors behind this event. From the perspective of analysis and discussion on involved factors (climate, topography, aqueducts, urban arteries, politics, trade routes, privacy, noise, view, and religion), it turns out that the direction of the wind and sun had negligible impacts on this orientation, and architects of the Qajar era in Yazd old city did not care about these climate factors. It seems religious factors were more influential. Thus, despite being approvingly referenced in many scientific studies, Pirnia's orientation theory (Roon)—the efforts of past Iranian architects to orient buildings in a specific direction due to their unique knowledge of region and climate factors—becomes not solid.

Does employee relations climate mediate the effect of Islamic work ethics on organizational performance? Evidence from Qatar

Purpose Building on the resource-based view (RBV) and the theory of other orientation, this study aims to examine the association between Islamic work ethics (IWEs) and organizational performance highlighting the role of employee relations climate as an underlying mechanism. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 239 employees working in diverse sectors in the state of Qatar. Structural equation modeling of partial least squares was used to analyze the data of the study. Findings The results suggest that IWEs positively impact organizational performance and employee relations climate. Furthermore, employee relations climate demonstrated to play a mediating role in the IWEs-organizational performance link. Practical implications The study can be used by administrators pertaining to the importance of IWE and employee relations climate to cultivate higher organizational outcomes such as organizational performance. Originality/value This research is distinctive as it examines the connection between IWEs and organizational performance in Qatar, a country where the influence of Islamic values and beliefs on work ethics is profound. In addition, the research sheds light on a topic that has received little attention in the literature: the significance of the workplace climate in determining how IWEs affect organizational performance. Finally, the research integrates two important theoretical frameworks, the RBV and the theory of other orientation, to create a comprehensive model that explains the complex relationship between IWEs, employee relations climate and organizational performance.

The Representation of Muslim Women as The Other in The Submission Novel

<p align="justify">This research is written based on the analysis of a 9/11 fiction, <em>The Submission</em> by Amy Waldman. This research examines the representation of Muslim women characters in the novel. It is a descriptive qualitative research. The main data consist of words, phrases, sentences, expressions, dialogues, plot, and narrations in the novel. The supporting data are taken from books, e-books, journals, articles, websites and other related references. It is conducted under American studies perspective. It applies some perspectives especially theory of Orientalism to scrutinize the construction of Muslim women in the novel. It also attempts to identify some constructions which differ from the reality of Muslim women generally and American Muslim women as described in other texts. The findings shows that <em>The Submission</em> perpetuates old Orientalism in 21<sup>st</sup> fiction era which represents Muslim women as the Other. They are represented as sensual, libidinous, devilish, subordinate, oppressed, exotic, and requisite the West assistance.</p>

CROSS-CULTURAL VALIDITY OF THE CONSIDERATION OF FUTURE CONSEQUENCES SCALE (CFCS-14): A STUDY ON TURKISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The subjective perception of time, known as time orientation, plays a role in shaping a wide range of health-related behaviors. A popular measure of time orientation is the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFCS-14), which has two dimensions: immediate and future. Although widely used in individualistic societies, the usage of this scale, particularly in collectivist cultures, is limited, creating a gap in understanding the cross-cultural implications of temporal orientation on health behaviors. We translated the CFCS-14 into Turkish and examined its psychometric properties and practical utility within the context of health behaviors. A total of 589 undergraduates completed a survey, consisting of the Turkish version of CFCS-14 and measures of time perspective, sensation-seeking, autonomous-related self, subjective well-being, positive and negative affect, problematic alcohol use, and smoking. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided evidence for the existence of two correlated factors. CFC factor scores showed robust links with problematic alcohol use, daily cigarette consumption, sensation-seeking, and autonomous-relatedness. However, correlations with subjective well-being and affect were weaker and statistically non-significant. These findings underscore the cross-cultural applicability of CFCS-14's structure, validity, and reliability. This research contributes to the broader understanding of time orientation theories and their practical implications in diverse cultural settings.

Knowledge Coupling and Organizational Resilience: The Moderating Effect of Market Orientation

This study conducts an empirical study on the relationship between knowledge coupling and organizational resilience based on the knowledge-based view. Meanwhile, market orientation is considered a moderating variable because of its role in this transmission mechanism. The hypotheses are tested through a survey of 359 Chinese manufacturing firms. The results show that both complementary knowledge coupling and substitutive knowledge coupling have significant positive impacts on organizational resilience, and the proactive market orientation positively moderates the relationship between complementary/substitutive knowledge coupling and organizational resilience, while the responsive market orientation negatively moderates the relationship between complementary knowledge coupling and organizational resilience. In the context of the current globalization of the COVID-19 epidemic, this study explores the critical factors needed to survive and develop by firms in adversity, which enriches the research on organizational resilience and market orientation theory and provides suggestions for firms’ strategic planning.

How Does TIMELESS Training Impact Resident Motivation for Learning, Assessment, and Feedback? Evaluating a Competency-Based Time-Variable Training Pilot.

As competency-based medical education has become the predominant graduate medical education training model, interest in time-variable training has grown. Despite multiple competency-based time-variable training (CBTVT) pilots ongoing in the United States, little is known about how this training approach impacts learners. The authors aim to explore how their CBTVT pilot program impacted resident motivation for learning, assessment, and feedback. The authors performed a qualitative educational case study on the Transitioning in Internal Medicine Education Leveraging Entrustment Scores Synthesis (TIMELESS) program at the University of Cincinnati from October 2020 through March 2022. Semistructured interviews were conducted with TIMELESS residents (n = 9) approximately every 6 months to capture experiences over time. The authors used inductive thematic analysis to develop themes and compared their findings with existing theories of learner motivation. The authors developed 2 themes: TIMELESS had variable effects on residents' motivation for learning and TIMELESS increased resident engagement with and awareness of the program of assessment. Participants reported increased motivation to learn and seek assessment, though some felt a tension between performance (e.g., advancement through the residency program) and growth (e.g., improvement as a physician). Participants became more aware of the quality of assessments they received, in part due to TIMELESS increasing the perceived stakes of assessment, and reported being more deliberate when assessing other residents. Resident motivation for learning, assessment, and feedback was impacted in ways that the authors contextualize using current theories of learner motivation (i.e., goal orientation theory and attribution theory). Future research should investigate how interventions, such as coaching, guided learner reflection, or various CBTVT implementation strategies, can help keep learners oriented toward mastery learning rather than toward performance.

Marlowe's Voyage Of Liberation: A Post-Colonial Perspective On Heart Of Darkness

This research paper delves into the novel "The Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad, examining it through a post-colonial lens to explore the themes of liberation and the impact of colonialism on various aspects of life. The analysis chapter investigates crucial subtopics such as the dream-like existence and passivity of the colonial settlers, the exploitation of power and the weaknesses of the colonized, the lives of subalterns, the imposition of new systems, and the loss of freedom. Additionally, it examines the darkness of life and the insignificance of native culture, along with the legitimization of invasion and occupation and the voice of resistance. The study adopts a qualitative research methodology, drawing on post-colonial theories presented by scholars such as Edward Said, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Homi K. Bhabha, and Frantz Fanon (Said, 1978; Spivak, 1993; Bhabha, 2008; Fanon, 2008). These theories serve as a theoretical framework, guiding the textual analysis to uncover and interpret post-colonial structures and themes present in the novel. By employing these perspectives, the study seeks to understand the complexities of colonial relationships, encompassing traditions, norms, identity, culture, and experiences depicted in the portrayal of both colonizers and the colonized. The main analytical tool used in this research is Edward Said's theory of Orientalism, supplemented by insights from other post-colonial theorists (Edward, 1978). The data collection process involves a comprehensive study of the novel and the selected theories, and relevant text materials from the novel are carefully chosen based on the elements of the adopted theories. The primary sources of data include Joseph Conrad's "The Heart of Darkness," as well as the works of Spivak, Said, Bhabha, and Fanon (Conrad, 1902; Said, 1978; Spivak, 1993; Bhabha, 2008; Fanon, 2008). The research paper presents a qualitative data analysis technique, focusing on themes such as orientalism, racism, identity, subalternity, and hybridity. After thorough examination and interpretation of the novel's text in light of the selected theories, the paper offers critical insights into the post-colonial elements present in "The Heart of Darkness." This study contributes to the broader understanding of post-colonial literature and highlights the lasting impacts of colonialism on both the colonized and the colonizers.

How do top management team characteristics affect digital orientation? Exploring the internal driving forces of firm digitalization

The top management team (TMT) plays a key role in the process of the firm digital transformation. However, few studies have focused on the impact of TMT characteristics on the digital orientation of firms. In this paper, we simultaneously explore the impact of the dispersion, aggregation, and background characteristics of TMT on the digital orientation of firms. Based on the upper echelons theory and strategic orientation theory, we propose that the diversity and average education level of TMT positively impact firms' digital orientation. The average age and tenure of TMT have a negative impact on the digital orientation of firms. The overseas and financial backgrounds of TMT members have a positive impact on the digital orientation of firms. Our hypothesis was tested using large-scale longitudinal data and computer-aided text analysis methods from Chinese listed companies. This paper provides useful supplements to early research on digital driving factors and digital orientation in emerging economies, and also provides more universal suggestions for digital practices in firms.

The Role of Genetic in Sex Orientation Preference

Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine the role of genetic in sex orientation preference.
 Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: The study found that genetic markers and variations related to hormone regulation and neural development have been identified as potential contributors, indicating a genetic influence on sexual orientation. Epigenetic factors such as modifications in gene expression, may also be involved in shaping sexual orientation. However, it is important to note that genetics alone cannot fully determine sexual orientation, as it is influenced by a combination of genetic, biological, hormonal, and environmental factors.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on evolutionary theory of sexual orientation proposed by and epigenetic theory of sexual orientation propounded by Dr. William Rice, an evolutionary biologist. The study recommended the integration of genetic knowledge into therapeutic practices can help reduce stigma and promote self-acceptance among individuals with diverse sexual orientations. It is also crucial to promote policies that protect the rights and well-being of individuals with diverse sexual orientations and address discrimination and prejudice.

The study of value network reconstruction and business model innovation driven by entrepreneurial orientation

The impacts of business models on the successes of companies are convincing. Business Model Canvas (BMC) provides the basic framework that describes business logic. Yet it lacks an academic understanding of the internal structures of business models. This paper uses the grounded theory method, qualitative analysis as well as entrepreneurial orientation theory to conduct an individual case study on SHEIN’s business model. The research shows that SHEIN accurately addresses the customer pain points and customer benefits of fashionable women, and gains the trust of end-users by integrating its supply chain based in China. Entrepreneurial orientation drives SHEIN to set up its value network. From the perspective of value discovery, SHEIN accurately targets segmented customer groups. The enterprise reaches end users through social networks and establishes customer relationship with high viscosity. From the perspective of value creation, SHEIN reconstructs the value network, delivering great shopping experiences with low costs. From the perspective of value acquisition, SHEIN has scalability in cost structure and expandability in revenue source. The research found that SHEIN has occupied the low-end market of fast fashion through low-end entry, and is moving to the mainstream market of fast fashion through customer group upgrading, design upgrading and supply chain upgrading, bringing competitive challenge to the fast fashion market incumbents. The innovation of this research lies in: First, the Business Model Iterative Canvas (BMIC) could interpret the business models and their logic in-depth. Second, the research reveals how the competitive advantage is created through value network reconstruction.

Hubungan Self-Regulated Learning dengan Goal Orientation pada Mahasiswa Universitas X di Masa Pandemi

This study aims to see the correlation between self-regulated learning and goal orientation among students of the humanities faculty of University X in the pandemic era. The study used correlational quantitative methods with 70 participants who were given two measuring scales in the form of a google form questionnaire. The first measuring scale uses a scale compiled by Budi Sulaeman as a BINUS Psychology lecturer based on the self- regulation cycle proposed by Zimmerman (in Susetyo & Kumara, 2012) to measure self-regulated learning and a measuring scale modified by Rono J (2012) based on goal orientation theory. to measure goal orientation. Using pearson correlation analysis, show that self-regulated learning has a positive and significantly correlation with goal orientation (r = 0.730, p < .001), so Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Sistem Pertanian Masyarakat Wewengkon Adat Kesepuhan Citorek Tahun 1990-2021


 This study aims to determine the Community Agricultural System of Wewengkon Adat Kesepuhan Citorek in 1990–2021. This research method is the historical method, including; heuristic stage, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The research analysis uses the moral economic theory of farmers by Scott, the theory of rational farmers by Samuel L. Popkin and the theory of cultural value orientation by Kluckhohn. The results of this study show that the Citorek Kesepuhan Customary Wewengkon is located at an altitude of 500-1050 meters above sea level, a mountain which includes the Mount Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS). There are two main rivers (Citorek River and Cimadur River) to support farming. The life of the Wewengkon Adat Kesepuhan Citorek community in 1990–2021 in implementing the agricultural system shows two characters, firstly the morale of the farmer's economy is subsistence by complying with various agricultural regulations or prohibitions (start of farming time, holidays farming, use of rice types, and tabernacles) secondly has the character of rational farmers who are open to the use of agricultural technology such as rice field plowing tools (tractors), rice grinding machines, fertilizers (urea and bungkil) and weed killer. Local traditions of the Wewengkon community's Wewengkon Adat Kesepuhan Citorek community traditions such as salametan, nabeh goong gede, ngarengkong and seren tahun have (1) cultural values, namely deliberation, religion and obedience (2) meanings, namely the relationship between humans and humans, nature, time, creation, and with himself.
 Keywords: Agricultural System, Wewengkon Adat, Kesepuhan Citorek.

Accepting controversial measures in times of COVID-19: The democratic delusion paradox

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led most of the involved countries to take measures to contain the spread of the virus. Among these, the authorities banned gatherings and tough measures, involving also the use of force, were at times adopted to disperse people breaking this rule. The aim of this research was to investigate to what extent harsh measures are considered acceptable to prevent such gatherings. Specifically, in line with political orientation theory, we hypothesized that people with a low value-based orientation to authority would be more likely to accept such measures when implemented by countries perceived as democratic. This tendency to assume that a democratic state never adopts anti-democratic measures has been defined a democratic delusion paradox. As hypothesized, results on 359 Italian participants showed that respondents with low scores on value orientation were more likely to be affected by this paradox. They were more likely to consider harsh measures as acceptable if implemented by a country they perceived as democratic. Conversely, when the issuing country was judged to be authoritarian, the use of force was more frequently condemned. The implication of this research was to show the importance of monitoring established democracies and maintaining a sense of critical participation on the policies issued by the authorities. We provide support for the political orientation theory arguing that a political orientation based on values can help watching democratic systems from degenerating into autocracy.

Mastery-Oriented Students Are Less Stubborn

AbstractGoal orientation theory identifies mastery-oriented people as adaptive and highly persistent when pursuing a goal. Performance-oriented people are described as being less persistent, and tend to show more maladaptive responses. However, previous works that have studied persistence have not always found that performance-oriented participants show the least persistence. In addition, it is not easy to conclude if the persistence measured in the studies implies a stubborn response and therefore if it is a maladaptive response. In this work, we classify participants as mastery- or performance-oriented using an objective test and we employ a behavioral task to study persistence defined as stubbornness. When studying response patterns, we found that performance-oriented students were more stubborn. The behavioral analysis performed in this work offers complement and rich information and provides empirical support for the goal orientation theory.

Examining the efficacy of non-market and market driving activities of B2B international firms

This study examines the impact of entrepreneurial and branding orientations on the two facets of market driving activities (market and non-market focused) of B2B firms for international market performance. Using empirical data (n = 108) on European firms, this study finds that entrepreneurial orientation influences both facets of market driving activities. Further, these effects are stronger under a strong branding orientation. Market focused aspect of the driving activities fully mediates the effects of entrepreneurial orientation and market performance. Applying resource-based and market orientation theories, and contradicting studies that emphasise the adoption approach of market orientation for business success, our findings suggest that international performance of B2B firms is enhanced using a market driving approach. Unlike market-oriented firms, market-driving companies do not adopt, but instead educate their customers to accept their dominant logic, and by doing so they influence the market structure in their industry. The findings contribute to the non-market, market driving and ambidexterity literature. Managers can learn how entrepreneurial efforts can contribute towards exercising market driving strategies at a global level. They can also learn that strong branding orientation would strengthen the market driving behavior.

English

As one of the most famous works of Marlowe’s plays, Tamburlaine the Great implied the theme of distorting the orient images, particularly Muslims. The orientalist representation of Muslims in the Elizabethan stage was deliberately oriented against Islam. However, more than 50 literary works targeted Islam during the Elizabethan era. Tamburlaine the Great is considered an oriental play that targeted Islam horribly in a Western fashion to depict Islam as being based on cruel, offensive, and barbarian deeds. These horrible images were raised in western literary works after the Crusades as Part of the intellectual invasion; consequently, this research paper attempts to reveal the Greek depiction of Muslims in Tamburlaine the Great based on orientalism theory by Said. The authors reveal how Marlowe used his knowledge of Greek history to demonize the Muslim army and Islamic culture and depict them similarly to Greek myths and how his early skepticism and fallacies contributed to constructing a common ground for hostile ideologies targeting Islam, such as monstrosity and demonization of the other. Marlowe portrayed the Muslim army metaphorically as monsters such as Typhon and Hydra. He chose the negative side of the Greek myths to represent it as Part of Islam. The Islamic culture was also negatively represented as an imitation of Greek history. Moreover, Marlowe reinforced the Greek history, dictions, and beliefs on behalf of the Islamic culture so that Islamic culture was represented with ambiguity and falsifications to be inferior while the Western one was superior.   Key words: Tamburlaine the Great, orientalism, Muslim, depiction, Greek monster.

Modern system of sports selection in sports aerobics

The level of results in modern sport is so high that in order to achieve them, an athlete must have certain morphological data, a unique combination of a set of physical and mental abilities that are at an extremely high level of development. Such a combination even with the most favorable construction of long-term training and the availability of all necessary conditions is very rare. Therefore, one of the central problems in the systems and training of highly qualified athletes is the problem of sports selection and sports orientation of athletes. The problem of selection in sports in the world literature is covered quite widely, significant experimental data have been accumulated on the essential aspects characterizing the selection in certain sports. However, the issues of sports selection are among the insufficiently studied and continue to be the central problem of children's and youth sports. The methodological basis of the research at this time currently along with further experimental development of various aspects of selection and sports orientation, there is a growing need for theoretical analysis and generalization of materials of numerous studies, the creation of scientifically based programs for the selection of talented athletes at all stages of long-term training. Sports selection in aerobics is the process of searching for the most gifted people capable of achieving high results in a particular sport. Sports selection should solve the problem of identifying promising people from whom you can prepare outstanding athletes. Sports selection in aerobics is not a one-time event at one or another stage of sports improvement, but an almost continuous process covering the entire long-term training of an athlete. Even very high aptitudes testify to the natural giftedness of a person, serve only as a necessary basis for great abilities in sports. Real abilities can be revealed only in the process of training and education, and this is a consequence of a complex dialectical unity – innate and acquired, biological and social. Conclusions: scientific research of the problem of selection in sports aerobics have been conducted in the world since the 90s. The research was based on the basic provisions of professional selection. Before proceeding to the analysis the problem, it is necessary to understand the terminological base, which to this day has not found a generally accepted definition, it is quite diverse. Naturally, the situation that has developed on this issue, not only complicates the development of a general theory of sports orientation and selection, but also prevents those who, for practical considerations trying to understand the basic concepts, the content of the stages and varieties of selection.