Theory Of Motion Research Articles

On the theory of the issue of cleaning the filtration surface from accumulated contaminants during the processing of unrefined vegetable oils by vibration and ultrasonic oscillatory movements

The article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of the issue of cleaning the filtration surface from the sediment of contaminants that prevent the passage of the cleaned oil through the adsorption layer in the installation for cleaning oil from oxidation products. Based on the classical theory of oscillatory motion, the conditions necessary for the floating and mixing of sediment particles by reducing their sidementation stability are considered.

Evaluation of chooser option evidence from Alibaba

Due to the financial market’s globalization, it has resulted in the growingly fierce competition and the international financial system’s volatility in current financial market. This implies that it is growingly necessary to analyze the financial derivatives market’s trend. To assess chooser option, Alibaba is selected. The way of trading a majority of the exotic options is generally determined by the financial organizations based on the customers’ specific demands. Exotic options have three common types which are respectively lookback options, chooser options and binary options. In this proposed study, the Brown Motion Theory can be used to determine the prices of assets through applying Geometric Brownian Motion to simulate the prices of Alibaba’s financial assets in order to calculate the financial assets’ future value. This study offers valuable insights with both financial institutions and investors respectively creating more proper exotic options and making more appropriate investment decisions.

Dynamics of test particles around charged black holes in Einstein-Æther gravity

This paper focuses on the issues of motion of various kinds of charged, magnetized, and neutral test particles in the vicinity of static and spherically symmetric electrically charged black holes in the Einstein-Æther gravitational theory. Our purpose here is to analyze the effects of the free parameters occurring in the Einstein-Æther theory for particle motion in curved spacetime. Specifically, we have studied the stability of circular and radially varying orbits of different kinds of particles by varying the free parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and also varying the particle’s specific energy, specific angular momentum, and electric charge of the black hole. As a special case, we investigate the charged particle motion around the black holes with a uniform magnetic field by checking the characteristics of the particle’s innermost stable circular orbit. Finally, we propose few values of the parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] which mimic the behavior of spin of a Kerr black hole to model an astrophysical black hole.

Characterizing diffusion processes in city traffic

Here we study the possibility of characterizing city transportation in analogy to diffusing particles. To recreate the dynamics of the vehicles in a city, we use a cellular automata model in a road network. The agents represent vehicles that follow consecutive routes between origin and destination, resembling the dynamics of taxis, deliveries, carpooling, and rideshare vehicles. We calculate the mean velocity and the diffusion coefficient through the statistical analysis of the parametric curves produced by car movements. We found that a power law relationship closely relates both quantities as in kinetic theory but with a different exponent than those found in Brownian motion theory. We close the paper by discussing the possibility of using the Diffusion coefficient to characterize the city, as it is traditionally done with the mean speed and the flux rate; and how to calculate this quantity in a smart city.

A New Physical Description of Planetary Motion-Spinvector Motion I

A new planetary motion theory, spin-vector motion is developed, based on Kepler's second laws of planetary motion that a line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time. The planetary motion follows the same Schrodinger wave equation as quantum particles. The planets have same particle-wave duality, wave length and momentum relation, energy and wave frequency relation as quantum particles too. Based on our deduction we conclude that the Schrodinger equation can be applied successfully to photons, quantum particles, and celestial bodies, but with different energy constant for celestial bodies. Even though these objects are with different masses, sizes and with different wave speeds. And we predict that the wave speed exceeding light speed will not have any impacts on the wave equation form. This spin-vector in motion theory or Spin-vector Mechanics will be a candidate theory leading to the theory of everything.

Właściwości reologiczne cieczy sprężysto-lepkoplastycznej

A model for the motion of a compressible elastic-viscous-plastic fluid in a round pipe is proposed. The main indicators of the flow, volume flow and speed are obtained. Numerous hydrodynamic processes are associated with the properties of liquids. It is known that the mechanical and physical properties of liquids can be described by various models. Various models have been proposed that partially describe the processes of hydromechanics. The proposed model makes it possible to qualitatively describe the deformation processes that occur in various systems. To describe a closed theory of motion of a continuous medium and, in particular, between stress and strain, it is necessary to have a mechanical model. From the literature analysis it is known that there are simple models, which include elastic, viscous and plastic. At the same time, it should be noted that the mechanical model partially shows the mechanical state of the elastic body in the form of Hooke's law. Practice shows that there are more complex liquids that do not obey this law. One of these fluids is an elastic-viscous-plastic fluid. In this work, a model is proposed that describes the elastic-viscous-plastic properties of liquids, which sequentially connects the elastic and viscous-plastic elements. For such a medium, the total resistance will be the sum of the stress corresponding to the elastic deformation and the stress caused by the viscous-plastic resistance. Based on the proposed model, an equation is obtained taking into account the coefficient of volumetric elastic expansion, and an equation is obtained for determining the velocity distribution over the pipe section and volume flow for a given liquid. Calculations have shown that with an increase in compressibility, the flow rate of the liquid partially increases, which in some practical cases produces a positive effect.

Nicole Oresme on Motion and the Atomization of the Continuum

As Aristotle classically defined it, continuity is the property of being infinitely divisible into ever-divisible parts. How has this conception been affected by the process of mathematization of motion during the 14th century? This paper focuses on Nicole Oresme, who extensively commented on Aristotle’s Physics, but also made decisive contributions to the mathematics of motion. Oresme’s attitude about continuity seems ambivalent: on the one hand, he never really departs from Aristotle’s conception, but on the other hand, he uses it in a completely new way in his mathematics, particularly in his Questions on Euclidean geometry, a tantamount way to an atomization of motion. If the fluxus theory of natural motion involves that continuity is an essential property of real motion, defined as a res successiva, the ontological and mathematical structure of this continuity implies that continuum is in some way “composed” of an infinite number of indivisibles. In fact, Oresme’s analysis opened the path to a completely new kind of mathematical continuity.

Sticky Brownian Rounding and its Applications to Constraint Satisfaction Problems

Semidefinite programming is a powerful tool in the design and analysis of approximation algorithms for combinatorial optimization problems. In particular, the random hyperplane rounding method of Goemans and Williamson [ 31 ] has been extensively studied for more than two decades, resulting in various extensions to the original technique and beautiful algorithms for a wide range of applications. Despite the fact that this approach yields tight approximation guarantees for some problems, e.g., Max-Cut , for many others, e.g., Max-SAT and Max-DiCut , the tight approximation ratio is still unknown. One of the main reasons for this is the fact that very few techniques for rounding semi-definite relaxations are known. In this work, we present a new general and simple method for rounding semi-definite programs, based on Brownian motion. Our approach is inspired by recent results in algorithmic discrepancy theory. We develop and present tools for analyzing our new rounding algorithms, utilizing mathematical machinery from the theory of Brownian motion, complex analysis, and partial differential equations. Focusing on constraint satisfaction problems, we apply our method to several classical problems, including Max-Cut , Max-2SAT , and Max-DiCut , and derive new algorithms that are competitive with the best known results. To illustrate the versatility and general applicability of our approach, we give new approximation algorithms for the Max-Cut problem with side constraints that crucially utilizes measure concentration results for the Sticky Brownian Motion, a feature missing from hyperplane rounding and its generalizations.

Electrons with Planckian scattering obey standard orbital motion in a magnetic field

In various so-called strange metals, electrons undergo Planckian dissipation1,2, a strong and anomalous scattering that grows linearly with temperature3, in contrast to the quadratic temperature dependence expected from the standard theory of metals. In some cuprates4,5 and pnictides6, a linear dependence of resistivity on a magnetic field has also been considered anomalous—possibly an additional facet of Planckian dissipation. Here we show that the resistivity of the cuprate strange metals Nd0.4La1.6−xSrxCuO4 (ref. 7) and La2−xSrxCuO4 (ref. 8) is quantitatively consistent with the standard Boltzmann theory of electron motion in a magnetic field, in all aspects—field strength, field direction, temperature and disorder level. The linear field dependence is found to be simply the consequence of scattering rate anisotropy. We conclude that Planckian dissipation is anomalous in its temperature dependence, but not in its field dependence. The scattering rate in these cuprates does not depend on field, which means that their Planckian dissipation is robust against fields up to at least 85 T.

Sequential parametrized motion planning and its complexity

In this paper we develop a theory of sequential parametrized motion planning generalising the approach of parametrized motion planning, which was introduced recently in [3]. A sequential parametrized motion planning algorithm produced a motion of the system which is required to visit a prescribed sequence of states, in a certain order, at specified moments of time. The sequential parametrized algorithms are universal as the external conditions are not fixed in advance but rather constitute part of the input of the algorithm. In this article we give a detailed analysis of the sequential parametrized topological complexity of the Fadell - Neuwirth fibration. In the language of robotics, sections of the Fadell - Neuwirth fibration are algorithms for moving multiple robots avoiding collisions with other robots and with obstacles in the Euclidean space. In the last section of the paper we introduce the new notion of TC-generating function of a fibration, examine examples and raise some exciting general questions about its analytic properties.

To the Theory of Grain Motion in an Uneven Air Flow in a Vertical Pneumatic Separation Channel with an Annular Cross Section

The possibilities of the action of uneven air flows on the grain material in the separating channels are still not used enough. The reason for this is the insufficient knowledge of the processes of interaction of the components of the grain material with an uneven air flow. The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of grain material separation according to aerodynamic properties by purposefully changing the diagram of air velocities in the channel sections using the actions of lateral and aerodynamic forces. The separation efficiency of grain material components was determined by trajectory analysis. The different geometry of the pneumatic separation channel was studied. The study of the distribution of air velocity and air pressure vectors in a vertical annular channel was carried out using the FlowVision software. It has been established that a change in the air velocity diagram can be implemented both by changing the geometric parameters of the channel and by additional distributed air supply through the perforation in the side walls of the pneumatic channel. Based on the analysis of the velocity field, an improved scheme of a pneumatic gravitational separator is proposed for separating grain material into three fractions according to aerodynamic characteristics.

Two Scenarios in the Description of the Wave-Corpuscle Duality in a Multifractal Theory of Motion

Abstract In the Scale Relativity Theory, wave-corpuscle duality is analyzed both in the Schrödinger and in the Madelung multifractal scenarios. Therefore, in the Schrödinger scenario, this duality implies the functionality of a multifractal sinus – Gordon differential equation based on 2×2 matrices of real variable elements, while in the Madelung scenario, the same duality implies the solving of the multifractal hydrodynamic equation system.

The Complexity in Dust Charging Process With Relativistic OLM Theory

The ability to self-organization is one of the important features of complex systems that is considered in the process of dust particle charging in space plasmas. The dust grain charging process is considered by the orbital-limited motion theory (OLM) theory with help of the relativistic kappa distribution, the relativistic cross section, and the kinetic model. It is indicated that the critical areas have unique properties that show the complexity in dusty plasma systems. In these areas, the Coulomb force between dust grain and plasma particle plays an important role and has a great influence on the charging process of dust grains. It is obtained that by increasing the electron-to-ion temperature ratio in the high dust grain densities, the relativistic effects increase and the electric potential of dust grain decreases. Moreover, it is indicated that by moving away from thermodynamic equilibrium (Maxwellian), the system tends to form multicomponent plasma more. As another result, the electric potential of the dust grain is much more affected by the nonextensive degree of the electron than the ion. Finally, it is observed that with the increase of dust grain density, the transition from dust in plasma to dusty plasma occurs and multicomponent plasma is formed.

Computation of Total Electric Field Considering Natural Wind Under High-Altitude UHVDC Transmission Lines

With the rapid development of ultra high-voltage DC (UHVDC) transmission technology, the total electric field problem in high-altitude dc transmission lines is more important. Therefore, this article proposes a calculation model of the ion flow field at high altitude based on the natural wind model and the gas motion theory. First, the initial charge density is assumed, and then, Poisson’s equation is solved by the finite-element method (FEM). The measured wind speed and altitude are introduced into the natural wind model and the ion mobility model, and the natural wind speed and the ion mobility of each node are obtained. Subsequently, the current continuity equation is calculated by this information and the upstream FEM. When the calculation results do not meet the steady-state convergence conditions, the charge density on the conductor surface is iteratively corrected. The calculation model is verified by the measurement results of the ±800-kV UHVDC transmission line at the National Engineering Laboratory for Ultrahigh Voltage Technology (Kunming) of the China Southern Power Grid. The research shows that with the increase of altitude, the ion mobility gradually becomes larger, and the total electric field at ground level also increases. Due to the influence of wind, the peak value of the total electric field at ground level is obviously shifted, and the maximum peak values are on the downwind side. This model in this article can accurately calculate the total electric field of UHVDC transmission lines at high altitude considering the natural wind and provide a reference for the design of transmission lines.

Apodictic Method in the History of Medicine

Philosophical interpretation of any scientific discipline is impossible without understanding the methods of cognition inherent in this discipline. The history of medicine is also formed by the understanding of the evolution of the methods of knowledge–clinical and experimental. Unfortunately, there is a tendency to describe the history of medicine as a set of individual events, but philosophy of medicine is understood as a system-forming phenomenon only from the moment of scientific revolutions (17th - 19th centuries). However, in relation to other natural science disciplines, for example, mathematics, the point of view regarding the apodictic method (i.e., the method of rigorous proof) is generally accepted as a method of knowledge that has determined the entire history of these disciplines. I argue that medicine was also strongly influenced by early Ionian physics (as well as astronomy or mathematics), and the apodictic method (methods of rigorous rational knowledge and proof) has existed in the history of medicine since antiquity. Even Sir Geoffrey Lloyd expressed this hypothesis, based on some treatises from the Hippocratic Corpus. In turn, I argue that the apodictic method in medicine had already been fully developed in the treatises of Galen. I propose to define the apodictic methodology in medicine as follows: the apodictic method of proof in medicine is anatomical dissections, clinical systematization and the rational doctrine of general pathology (the last one with certain limitations). The characteristics of the use of the method of rigorous proof in the work of ancient authors enables us to identify three stages in the development of the methodology of ancient medicine. The first stage ‒ the period of the inception of the apodictic method—defines the establishment of the foundations of Greek rational medicine, based on Hippocratic principles. The period of the establishment of the apodictic method is associated with the works of Aristotle devoted to the argumentation theory, the theory of motion and the practice of systematic dissection of animals based thereon. Most important was the establishment of comparative anatomy. The third stage—the period of the development of the apodictic method—is characterized by Galen’s work. Galen introduced the apodictic method in medical practice and substantiated its significance for further development of medicine as a science. The real keeper of Galenic-Hippocratic medicine during the 8th-11th centuries was the medicine of the Islamic world. In a certain sense, it was not only preserved, but also enriched. In this context the works of Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi are of particular importance. He developed and critically rethought the teachings of Galen on the systematics of diseases. Most of al-Razi’s critical points were aimed at expanding and deepening clinical applications and general clinical logic reflected by this systematic approach. At the same time, we practically cannot speak about the development of anatomic dissections during the Islamic period of Galenic-Hippocratic medicine existence.

Study on Culture-Loaded Words in Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang’s English Translation of Roadside Hut of the Old Drunkard from Hermeneutic Perspective

As one of the important cultural carriers, culture-loaded words are always one of the focus of translation research. Chinese abounds in words and phrases with rich cultural connotations. In order to explore culture-loaded words more deeply, this paper, under the guidance of George Steiner’s four translation motion theory (FTMT), takes the perspective of hermeneutics and conducts a study on the culture-loaded words in the English version of Roadside Hut of the Old Drunkard translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang. Through a theoretical analysis of the work, it is found that the English version of Roadside Hut of the Old Drunkard translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang is a comprehensive and vivid completion of the four steps of translation: trust, aggression, incorporation and restitution.

Giant and Controllable Photoplasticity and Photoelasticity in Compound Semiconductors.

We show that the wide-band gap compound semiconductors ZnO, ZnS, and CdS feature large photoplastic and photoelastic effects that are mediated by point defects. We measure the mechanical properties of ceramics and single crystals using nanoindentation, and we find that elasticity and plasticity vary strongly with moderate illumination. For instance, the elastic stiffness of ZnO can increase by greater than 40% due to blue illumination of intensity 1.4 mW/cm^{2}. Above-band-gap illumination (e.g., uv light) has the strongest effect, and the relative effect of subband gap illumination varies between samples-a clear sign of defect-mediated processes. We show giant optomechanical effects can be tuned by materials processing, and that processing dependence can be understood within a framework of point defect equilibrium. The photoplastic effect can be understood by a long-established theory of charged dislocation motion. The photoelastic effect requires a new theoretical framework which we present using density functional theory to study the effect of point defect ionization on local lattice structure and elastic tensors. Our results update the longstanding but lesser-studied field of semiconductor optomechanics, and suggest interesting applications.

Theory of sphere motions in viscous fluids including elasticity and compressibility

We study the motions of an elastic sphere and a compressible fluid sphere suspended in a compressible fluid. To this end, we use a scheme of a vector representation for the velocity in hydrodynamics and for the displacement in elasticity. First, we calculate the steady-state elastic displacement of a solid sphere under a gravity and a surface-tension gradient. Second, we examine the finite-size effects in a spherical container and find bulk acoustic resonance induced by an oscillating solid sphere. Third, applying periodic forces, we calculate the displacement, the velocity field, and the frequency-dependent friction constant for an elastic sphere and a compressible fluid sphere. We find complex acoustic effects sensitively depending on the frequency.

Brownian motion theory of the two-dimensional quantum vortex gas.

A theory of Brownian motion is presented for an assembly of vortices. The attempt is motivated by a realization of Dyson's Coulomb gas in the context of quantum condensates. By starting with the time-dependent Landau-Ginzburg (LG) theory, the dynamics of the vortex gas is constructed, which is governed by the canonical equationof motion. The dynamics of point vortices is converted to the Langevin equation, which results in the generalized Fokker-Planck (GFP) (or Smolkovski) equationusing the functional integral on the ansatz of the Gaussian white noise. The GFP, which possesses a non-Hermitian property, is characterized by two regimes called the overdamping and the underdamping regimes. In the overdamping regime, where the dissipation is much larger that the vortex strength, the GFP becomes the standard Fokker-Planck equation, which is transformed into the two-dimensional many-particle system. Several specific applications are given of the Fokker-Planck equation. An asymptotic limit of small diffusion is also discussed for the two-vortices system. The underdamping limit, for which the vortex charge is much larger than the dissipation, is briefly discussed.

A theory for the relationship between lake surface area and maximum depth

AbstractMaximum depth is crucial for many lake processes and biota, but attempts to explain its variation have achieved little predictive power. In this paper, we describe the probability distribution of maximum depths based on recent developments in the theory of fractal Brownian motions. The theoretical distribution is right‐tailed and adequately captures variations in maximum depth in a dataset of 8164 lakes (maximum depths 0.1–135 m) from the northeastern United States. Maximum depth increases with surface area, but with substantial random variation—the 95% prediction interval spans more than an order of magnitude for lakes with any specific surface area. Our results explain the observed variability in lake maximum depths, capture the link between topographic characteristics and lake bathymetry, and provide a means to upscale maximum depth‐dependent processes, which we illustrate by upscaling the diffusive flux of methane from northern lakes to the atmosphere.