Modern Theory Research Articles

Automated control complex of agrotechnology in precision farming

The paper presents a project of an automated complex for managing agricultural technology. The complex consists of two inseparable components, a control unit and an executive robotic technological machine. The control unit implements the modern theory of controlling a complex dynamic system, which is an agricultural field with sowing crops. The main distinctive feature of the proposed management theory is that the object of management is an agrocenoses, which includes sowing crops and weeds. This feature is transferred to the executive technological machine, through which the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers and herbicide treatment is carried out. At the same time, the formation of optimal technological operations is carried out on the basis of Earth remote sensing data. Based on these data, the parameters of the state of the agrocenoses are assessed, and the resulting estimates are system-wide feedback through which agricultural technology is managed. The presented complex is of interest to specialists developing individual components of modern precision farming systems.

SEMANTICS AND MEANING OF TERMS WITH THE COMPONENT ’RED’

The article provides an analysis of the results of a study on the semantics and meanings of terms with the component red in modern Bulgarian. The language material on which basis the study was carried out is an electronic corpus of Bulgarian language texts compiled from publicly available internet sources. Statistical approaches to search for concordances and collocations available through the Sketch Engine lexicographic software were used to discover the terms in the corpus, and the order in the search procedures (algorithm) was previously tested in other cited studies. The theoretical approach of the study involves tracing the semantics and meanings of terms for the color red and terms with the component red using both traditional approaches such as the theory of nomination (by detection of the main semantic component), and modern theories, such as the theory of prototypes (by evaluation of color’s prototypes) in the analysis of the semantics of these terms. Results and examples of high-frequency contextual corpus usages of red are provided to analyze the terms’ semantics and meanings both as a color term and terms with other (non-color) meanings (prototypes and terms of the basic features of the prototypes), and related conclusions on semantics and meanings of these terms are provided. The color component of the terms at issue is interpreted in the context of a broader understanding of color (such as macro-color), in its transition to other colors, and it is also noted that those terms relate to similar terms with a color component, for example white, establishing a semantic relation through the macro-color component.

The Social and Sociological Province of Climate Change: Introduction

AbstractDespite its importance and prominence in public debates, including in many social science-related disciplines such as political science, anthropology, geography, and history, climate change has been unevenly addressed within critical sociology. In the tradition of critical theories, a critical sociology approach could contribute to climate science by discussing, for instance, what it means for societies and individuals to live together in times of ecological crisis and how this interplays with other crises and challenges of our time. As we face various transformations caused by climate change, sociology can inquire about social relations in the Anthropocene, including the critique of this concept and its alternatives, such as Capitalocene. This introductory article explores the intersection of sociology and the climate crisis, examining the sociological significance of the latter. It also discusses the importance for sociology, at both theoretical and empirical levels, to climate-related debates. It highlights the need for pluralistic approaches that can contribute to framing and addressing climate change, encompassing diagnosis, alternatives, science, and politics. The papers in this special issue seek to engage with and contribute to the abovementioned debate by covering theoretical and empirical perspectives on climate crisis, drawing attention to themes such as the relationship between critical theory and climate change, theories of modernity, the notion of (post)sustainability, just transitions, the role of media systems in fostering sustainable transformations, and the contribution of social movements to socioecological transformation, with a particular focus on the 'Global South'.

The positive impact of corporate mergers on consumer welfare: from the perspective of corporate R and D investment

Enterprise mergers are essential for the development and growth of enterprises, and they are also an important mechanism for the market economy to improve the overall efficiency of the market through the survival of the fittest. Compared to gradually growing a company through internal accumulation, merging with other companies can achieve various goals such as scale expansion, business expansion, and financial optimization faster in a short period. Although business mergers are spontaneous actions of enterprises, the merger of enterprises, especially large enterprises, affects their performance and consumer welfare. To better study the potential impact of corporate mergers, this article combines traditional and modern merger theories to investigate the positive effects of corporate mergers on product prices, corporate innovation, and overall consumer welfare. The impact channels of Chinese-listed company mergers on their R&D expenses are evaluated empirically. Through empirical and theoretical analysis, this article proves that business mergers can improve efficiency, innovation, and consumer benefits by increasing research and development expenditures.

FEATURES OF THE MODERN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The article examines different approaches to the essence of the concepts of «management», «health care management», etc., based on which the interpretation of the concept of «health care management» is proposed. Conceptualization of the content of the terms «management» and «administration» is of great importance for the development of the conceptual and categorical apparatus not only of the theory of management and science in general, but also of modern branch theories. The variety of approaches is caused by the conditions of functioning of modern management systems in the field of health care, which is caused by the continuation of the reformation of the management system of the industry, the addition of the legal framework, the search for sources of financing, personnel support, and the development of infrastructure in most modern states. The article analyzes the object and subject of health care management as mandatory components of the structure of the health care system. The content of the main functions and methods of management in the field of health care is revealed. The interrelationship of functions and methods depending on the level of management and the applied model of organization of the health care system is analyzed. It is emphasized that the presence of different types of health care models depends not only on the method of financing and management, but also on the conformity of this model to the cultural, economic and social characteristics of the nation and the state. It is indicated that modern states, which continue the process of reforming the health care sector, can use the best practices of each of the presented models to create an effective and accessible system of medical care, capable of responding to modern challenges, with an effective management system. It has been established that the management system of the health care sector should be based on a number of scientific approaches that will allow taking into account all factors of the internal and external environment. It has been proven that the need to form an optimal management system is an important element of transformational processes in the field of health care. Today, the field of health care should be aimed at developing the capacity of health care institutions to meet the established quality standards, offer a favorable environment for the activities of medical workers, and meet the existing needs of citizens.

Legal Protection of Genetic and Genomic Information in Genomic Legal Relationship: A Civil Law Aspect

Genetic and genomic information has enormous potential. In the near future; such information may be determined as an integral part of the world order in general; and the legal order in particular. The author examines the modern theory of legal relations; applying it to genomic legal relations regarding genetic and genomic information and methods of protecting such information. The author examines the mechanism of civil law protection to identify those legal means by which it is possible to ensure legal protection of genetic and genomic information. The research is aimed at studying the mechanism and illustrating the legal means of ensuring the protection of genetic and genomic information.

Property Rights Restrictions and Self-Employed Workers: Evidence From For-Hire Owner–Operators in U.S. Trucking

In 2019, self-employed individuals in the United States owned and operated more than 27 million nonemployer firms and generated more than $1.3 trillion in revenue. Our study examines how self-employed workers adjust their operations in response to an exogenous regulatory change that places limits on how they can utilize their productive assets. Extending modern property rights theory of the firm (PRTF), we studied how self-employed for-hire truck drivers modified their operations in response to the required installation of electronic logging devices (ELDs) in their vehicles. The introduction of ELDs bolstered enforcement of preexisting legal hours-of-service limits, thereby weakening the drivers’ ability to accept hauls above statutory hours-of-service limits and reducing the strength of their economic property rights. Our difference-in-differences analysis that relies on self-employed truck drivers exempt from the ELD regulation as a control group reveals that the restrictions imposed by the ELD mandate, while effective at curbing major hours-of-service violations, prompted a change in a host of market behaviors among affected drivers, including a shift toward working as subcontractors, decreased labor supply, and increased exit rates from the industry. These findings contribute to the literature on PRTF. First, our findings underscore the significance of economic property rights in shaping self-employed workers’ operating decisions as legal property rights were largely left unchanged under the ELD regulation. Second, our findings with respect to subcontracting highlight that property rights restrictions placed on asset attributes may prompt self-employed workers to unbundle economic property rights and allocate them to exchange partners better equipped to maximize the economic value reaped from these rights. Such transfer of economic property rights common to intermediate forms of organizational design such as subcontracting embodies a multidimensional view of economic property rights. By demonstrating a range of consequences of restricting self-employed workers’ economic property rights, our study carries important implications for theory, managers, and policymakers.

Fluid Modernity and Virtual Communities: An Analysis of the Popularity of MBTI on Social Media

This paper, rooted in Zygmunt Baumans theory of modernity, examines the formation of virtual communities and the characteristics of liquid modernity as manifested in the widespread phenomenon of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) on social media. As a psychological assessment tool, MBTI has pervaded social media platforms, engendering virtual communities characterized by high fluidity and consumerist tendencies. Through participatory observation and online ethnography, this study delves into the MBTI virtual communities on the "Xiaohongshu" platform, exploring their consumerism-driven formation mechanisms and cultural attributes. In modern society, virtual communities exhibit dynamic stability and structural elasticity, with identity constantly being reshaped and redefined within these virtual spaces. The popularity of MBTI underscores the anxieties surrounding identity in contemporary society and reflects the liquid nature of modern identity formation. Under the influence of technology and consumerism, virtual communities have emerged as a significant social form in modern society.

Landau vs Einstein: mathematics represents the universe

The modern theory of gravity is the Einstein space theory, which is described by mathematical methods of tensor analysis of Riemannian geometry. Einstein built on this basis one of the most successful and amazing theories. Complexity theories often lead to the extraction of foundations and, as is customary in theory, to obtaining meaningless results. Now the entire intellectual power of numerous researchers is directed at alternative theories, often based on erroneous ideas about Einstein's theory. An example of this is the catastrophic error in the definition of the coordinate transformation in the top manual on theoretical physics by L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz.

Study and Importance of Modality Category in World Linguistics

Modality has been a topic of linguistic study since ancient times. This article explores the theories of early linguists on the modality category, while also addressing its various types, features, and meanings. In modern linguistics, the modality category has expanded to include cognitive and cultural functions, which are central to this study. The research aims to clarify the evolution of these functions, addressing a gap in understanding their broader implications in language. Using a comparative analysis of ancient and modern linguistic theories, the results highlight the significant role of modality in shaping both cognition and culture. These findings have implications for further studies in semantics and pragmatics.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY OF GAS FUEL COMBUSTION TAKING INTO ACCOUNT MODERN KINETIC MECHANISMS OF COMBUSTION

An actuality of modernizing advancement the modern adopted combustion theory is due to a significant change in the composition of fuels at the market of developed countries by rejection of basic mineral (organic) fuels (fossil fuels), which have been used in the world for 250 years. The transformation of traditional fuels’ orientation towards an application of carbon-free fuels, primarily to hydrogen and its mixtures with natural gas. Each way of mentioned activity is connected with to ensure an environmental decarbonisation. Criteria for evaluating the CO2 emissions by fuels’ choice and selection have been proposed while numerical calculations of the specific CO2 content in the combustion products of the hydrocarbon-hydrogen mixture jʹ and j have been evaluated. It is possible to reduce these values when adding the shared H2 in the fuels (m3 CO2/ MJ; kg CO2/ MJ). Considering the combustion process in combustion systems (combustion chambers, boilers, furnaces) at constant pressure (p =const, dp =0 — isobaric process), the enthalpy of the reactants’ flow of the mixture (total (chemical) enthalpy I) can serve as a measure of the specific energy of the reacting mixture. An approach is proposed, according to which the main equations of heat and mass transfer in the torch (premixed flame) are composed basing upon the principle of conservation the total (chemical) enthalpy representing energy as basic function. The basic approach to the development of a modern combustion theory is focused on the concept of T. von Karman, according to which the combustion process is considered as “aerothermochemistry”, i.e. the description of physical and chemical processes is based on the combination of heat and mass transfer equations with chemical kinetics’ equations. At the current period, the problem of chemical kinetics (burning process) is considered through the combustion mechanisms of basic fuels, which consist of a large number of equations for molecules and particles involved in process at various stages of the combustion — from the preheating of the reaction mixture and through the stage of ignition (or self-ignition) — to the final temperature of flue gases. The laminar combustion velocity SL is a determinative characteristic of the combustible properties of gas fuels and, accordingly, of the safety restrictions by the fuel choice. Quantitative values of SL for the separate basic fuels, including the hydrogen, both the organic (fossil fuels) and alternative ones could be differed by an order of magnitude and more. The problem of estimable forecasting the SL value provides an option of the composition of the fuel-oxidant mixture in the industry, power and municipal energetics. The SL value’s prediction makes an especially important action at the current stage of modelling completion with an account of the global warming and by preventing an excess of CO2 emissions, including involvement of hydrogen-containing gases by substitution the carbon-friendly fuels, firstly the fossil fuels. The contemporary theory of combustion has been developed by extensive use the adequate kinetic mechanism GRI-Mech 3.0, the universality of which has been confirmed by our calculations of SL values for a wide range of the gas fuels — from methane CH4 to hydrogen H2 and their mixtures. An advanced modern theory of combustion using the adequate and approved GRI-Mech 3.0 combustion kinetic mechanism has been developed. The universality of this mechanism is confirmed by our calculations of SL values for a wide range of gaseous fuels — from methane CH4 to hydrogen H2 and their mixtures (mixed gases MG). For further analysis and development, the model of combustion in the reacting flow by Y.B. Zeldovich and D.A. Frank-Kamenetsky was used, considering the transfer processes of total enthalpy I as the energy characteristic of the combustible mixture. The kinetic component (on the example of natural gas) is taken into account using the combustion mechanism for GRI-Mech 3.0. The latter summarizes the combustion process of through 325 constituent reactions for 53 components. The adequacy of the combustion model proposed in the paper is confirmed by numerical examples of the coincidence of numerical SL values: ours — calculated; literary — experimental. The validity of experimental values of SL is provided by the use of different methods of measuring the SL. Calculations of the specific total enthalpy I of the reacting mixture along the length x º l (thickness of the front for a homogeneous flame in a one-dimensional formulation) have been performed as a result of researches confirmed the initial position: I(x) = const with deviations for CH4 +7 % / –2 %; for H2 +9,2 % / –2,8 % in relation to the heat of combustion. Bibl. 52, Fig. 9, Tab. 3.

It's about (taking up) space: Discreteness of individuals and the strength of spatial coexistence mechanisms.

One strand of modern coexistence theory (MCT) partitions invader growth rates (IGR) to quantify how different mechanisms contribute to species coexistence, highlighting fluctuation-dependent mechanisms. A general conclusion from the classical analytic MCT theory is that coexistence mechanisms relying on temporal variation (such as the temporal storage effect) are generally less effective at promoting coexistence than mechanisms relying on spatial or spatiotemporal variation (primarily growth-density covariance). However, the analytic theory assumes continuous population density, and IGRs are calculated for infinitesimally rare invaders that have infinite time to find their preferred habitat and regrow, without ever experiencing intraspecific competition. Here we ask if the disparity between spatial and temporal mechanisms persists when individuals are, instead, discrete and occupy finite amounts of space. We present a simulation-based approach to quantifying IGRs in this situation, building on our previous approach for spatially non-varying habitats. As expected, we found that spatial mechanisms are weakened; unexpectedly, the contribution to IGR from growth-density covariance could even become negative, opposing coexistence. We also found shifts in which demographic parameters had the largest effect on the strength of spatial coexistence mechanisms. Our substantive conclusions are statements about one model, across parameter ranges that we subjectively considered realistic. Using the methods developed here, effects of individual discreteness should be explored theoretically across a broader range of conditions, and in models parameterized from empirical data on real communities.

From Exile to Integration: Immigration Patterns and Cultural Identity of Chinese and Jewish Communities in the United States

The Chinese immigration experience began in the mid-19th century, driven by economic opportunities and marked by significant challenges. In contrast, Jewish immigration, primarily occurring in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, was driven by severe religious and racial persecution in Europe. Jewish immigrants sought refuge from violence and the Holocaust, finding a relatively open environment in the U.S. to maintain their religious and cultural traditions. This paper examines the immigration patterns and cultural identities of the Chinese and Jewish communities in the United States, highlighting their distinct historical backgrounds and experiences. This study applies theoretical frameworks from sociology and anthropology, including Everett Lee’s “Push-Pull Theory,” Stuart Hall’s cultural identity theory, and Anthony Giddens’ theory of modernity, to analyze how these communities’ immigration patterns have influenced their cultural identities. The study compares the Chinese community’s economic-driven integration and the Jewish community’s diverse approach to cultural preservation. The findings provide insights into the complexities of cultural identity within the U.S. multicultural landscape and highlight the varied strategies adopted by different immigrant groups. Limitations of this study include its focus on Chinese and Jewish communities, which may not fully represent other immigrant experiences. Future research should consider a broader range of immigrant groups to enhance understanding of cultural integration and identity.

Современность имени Иммануила Канта. К вопросу о теоретических и практических истоках проекта Модерна

The article discusses the question of the theoretical and practical origins of the project of Modernity in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. The theory of reflexive modernity was emerging in the second half of the 20th century. Ac­cording to its positions, historical development and social transformations derive their energy from resolving emerging contradictions through an appeal to the pub­lic reason. Modernity turns out to be a fundamentally mobile and dialogical process, the maintenance of which requires a complex culture of thought and ac­tion. The author offers a critical view at the optimistic sentiments of the theorists of the end of the last century, who considered the emerging contradictions to be fundamentally solvable. The ambiguous consequences of the end of globaliza­tion, the environmental crisis and the digitalization of everyday life turned out to be among the main reasons for rethinking the general framework of theorizing about modernity as a project that must be consistently implemented. The claim to build a general theory of modernity has given way to alarmist and situational discourses, although the influence of the Western rationalist attitude remains. The article hypothesizes that one of the reasons for the crisis of the philosophical narrative about modernity was the ideologization of Enlightenment thought. Thus, the ideas of I. Kant turned into ideologemes justifying the existing world order, the beneficiaries of which are a minority. The author shows that de­spite the existing grounds for this, we are talking about a private interpretation of the principles of practical philosophy of the German philosopher. Actual modernity can rightfully bear the name of Immanuel Kant, but it is the critical analysis of its most widespread interpretation that can be productive for solving the key problems of the modern world

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЛИЧНОСТИ ТЕРРОРИСТА: АНАЛИЗ ФАКТОРОВ И ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ

The presented scientific article provides an in-depth analysis of the psychological and social aspects of the formation of a terrorist's personality. The research is rooted in modern theories of psychology, criminology and sociology, as well as the results of empirical research conducted in this field. The authors of the article focus on the dynamics of the formation of a terrorist personality, paying attention to individual psychological characteristics and the influence of the socio-cultural context. The central element of the study is the analysis of the factors that contribute to the transition from conventional beliefs to radical ideologies. Supported by modern theories and concrete empirical research data, the authors raise important questions related to the formation of a terrorist's personality. Their work identifies key points in the process of radicalization, which not only expands our understanding of this complex phenomenon, but also creates the basis for developing effective strategies in the fight against terrorism. The combination of theoretical approaches and empirical data makes this study a full-fledged contribution to understanding the formation of a terrorist's personality. The analytical method used by the authors reveals the depth of psychological and social factors that play a crucial role in the complex process of forming a terrorist personality.

A Data-Driven Predictive Control Method for Modeling Doubly-Fed Variable-Speed Pumped Storage Units

In this study, a data-driven model predictive control (MPC) method is proposed for the optimal control of a doubly-fed variable-speed pumped storage unit. This method combines modern control theory with the dynamic characteristics of the pumped storage unit to establish an accurate dynamic model based on actual operating data. In each control cycle, the MPC uses the system model to predict future system behavior and determines the optimal control input sequence by solving the constrained optimization problem, thereby effectively dealing with the nonlinearity, time-varying characteristics, and multivariable coupling problems of the system. When compared with a traditional PID control, this method significantly improves control accuracy, response speed, and system stability. The simulation results show that the proposed MPC method exhibits better steady-state error, overshoot, adjustment time, and control energy under various operating conditions, demonstrating its advantages in complex multivariable systems. This study provides an innovative solution for the efficient control of doubly-fed variable-speed pumped storage units and lays a solid foundation for the efficient utilization of new energy sources.

Mythological thinking in the cognitive system

Each era's theoretical-cognitive thought forms a new cultural and historical integrity because it is the heir to all of its preceding main directions while evolving at a qualitatively different level, choosing a distinct re-search topic and range of interests, and creating its own vocabulary for describing and explaining the phe-nomena of the surrounding reality. In addition to providing a theoretical understanding of the phenomena of understanding the world by our forebears, the modern theory of cognition has an important task in revealing the ontological structures and mechanisms of knowledge, demonstrating the subject volume and pluralism of concepts of cognition and understanding of the world, and adequately and clearly demonstrating some sub-stantive and logical parallels. The article deals with the evolution of the cognitive capabilities of myth. It ana-lyzes various scientific points of view concerning the epistemological function of myth.It also notes that the study of the heuristic role of myth in relation to culture and science requires a philosophical concept capable through the analysis of the universal aspects of myth to synthesize a holistic picture of the mythological way of thinking as the basis for all creative activity immanently inherent in man.

К вопросу об определении места градостроительного права в системе права России

A relevant and controversial aspect in the modern theory of law in the development of the modern doctrine of the legal system is the question of the intersectoral division of the Russian legal system, the criteria for its construction, as well as the isolation and systematization of legal norms that are complex in nature. The purpose of the article is to establish intersectoral connections, criteria for systematization and the place in the system of Russian law of urban planning norms as a legal community that combines elements of private law and public law influence in the mechanism of legal regulation. A systematic approach and such logical research methods as analysis and synthesis made it possible to determine the place of urban planning norms in the system of Russian law as an independent branch of law with a special mixed type of legal regulation. Scope of application of the results: the main results and conclusions of the study can be used as the basis for the formation of new approaches to building a legal system and criteria for differentiating legal norms. In addition, the recognition of urban planning law as an independent branch of law will significantly facilitate the processes of law enforcement and law-making activities in the urban planning industry. Conclusions: the totality of the subject, method, principles, goals and functions of urban planning norms, forming a special mechanism of legal regulation, indicates the qualitative originality of the regulated sphere of social relations and the isolation of urban planning law as part of the Russian legal system as a branch of law. At the same time, the complex nature of urban planning law by type of legal regulation is due to the interpenetration of private law and public law interests.

Impact of digitalisation on the structure of youth political leadership

At the present stage, youth political leadership is in the focus of attention of researchers due to the fact that youth policy is an important part of public policy. The concept of the youth political leadership is relatively new and interdisciplinary, integrating politological, sociological, psychopolitical, and managerial approaches. To analyse the phenomenon, the systematisation of scientific approaches to the study of political leadership is conducted, 6 stages of the development of scientific thought from the second half of the XIX century to the beginning of the XXI one are highlighted. The classical and modern theories of leadership are considered. The article substantiates the mediation of methodological approaches to the political leadership by the historical and political context and the level of development of the political culture of society. They are the basis for studying the structure of the phenomenon in question. It is proved that under the influence of digitalisation as the most important aspect of reality, as an attribute of politics and the socio-economic sphere, the structure of the youth political leadership is undergoing a change. Digitalisation makes adjustments to the existing scientific and methodological basis of the political leadership. The analysis of available leadership concepts has shown a movement from its personal aspect to the socio-interactive one, however, in the context of digital transformation, it is necessary to introduce a digital component of leadership. Based on empirical data, the modern structure of the youth political leadership is derived, consisting of three components: personal, socio-interactive, and digital.

ANALISIS PERENCANAAN SDM DALAM MEMPERKUAT KULTUR ORGANISASI PADA KANTOR BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA KOTA GUNUNGSITOLI

The purpose of this research is to determine the human resource (HR) planning implemented at the Gunungsitoli City Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM) Office to strengthen organizational culture and the extent to which this implementation influences employee performance and creates a work environment that supports employee growth and development. . This research uses qualitative research with observation and interview data collection methods. Data analysis techniques use data processing, data presentation, data reduction and drawing conclusions. The results of research on HR planning at the Gunungsitoli City BKPSDM Office do not only focus on aspects of performance evaluation and compensation, but also emphasize efforts to create a work environment that supports employee growth and development. This approach is in line with concepts in modern human resource management theory.