Historicism Theory Research Articles

UNMASKING MISANDRY: A NEW HISTORICIST READING OF CAROL ANN DUFFY’S “MRS AESOP” AND “EURYDICE”

The new historicism theory propounds that history is inherently textual, is composed of texts, and thus no such thing as absolute truth is possible while recounting the past. As a form of text, poetry stands out as a tool to reflect the society of which it is a product. As the first female poet laureate, Carol Ann Duffy encapsulates both fictional and nonfictional women from history and successfully manipulates what has already been narrated by men into something novel to give voice to women’s concerns in her poetry. This study, employing a new historicist approach, examines “Mrs Aesop” and “Eurydice” from Duffy’s poetry collection The World’s Wife to explore the prevailing sense of misandry among women in the late-twentieth-century Britain with the potential motivations behind the social dynamics that might have resulted in hostility towards men.

A Critical Study of Text Interpretation in the Novel, "A Case of Exploding Mangoes in the Light of Historicism"

The study of Hanif's historic novel "A Case of Exploding Mangoes" (2008), involves interpreting history in the light of new realities and reflecting on the cultural context. Hanif effectively portrays the authentic historical context of Pakistani society, allowing for a more insightful and creative interpretation of history. This study examines the historical fiction "A Case of Exploding Mangoes" (2008) by Hanif, employing the New Historicism theory. The objective of the study is to analyze and evaluate literary texts in a critical manner, allowing students to have a comprehensive understanding of the text. The study is a qualitative analysis that applies Greenblatt's theory of "New Historicism" (1980) to examine a text within its socio-cultural and historical framework, including the cultural setting. The study found that understanding a work within the context of socio-cultural factors leads to the creation of more imaginative literary interpretations as a whole.

Church’s Authority and The Disappearence of God In George Bernard Shaw’s The Miraculous Revenge Short Story

This research tries to investigate and elaborate the intention of Shaw in writing such a hypocrite story which one side praise God, church and bible, but another side mostly portrayed the disappearance of God. Late Victorian is considered as the period which the presence of God is a must in every single activity that the Victorian done because of their purpose to back to the nature by considering God as the Holy creation through praising church. However, Shaw shows a big contradiction between the reality on the Victorian era with the elaboration of the short story by questioning the presence of God even though it looks like the story is about praising the church. This research is analyzed using qualitative descriptive method with historical approach and historicism theory. The result of this study indicates that church has the authority which is legitimate by the society even though the society itself has a doubt on the presence of God and even disappearing God in their life in society. Therefore, the power or the authority which is had by the church is not absolute and can be replaced by other beliefs because the reality which is faced by the society cannot always be understood by the church.

Church’s Authority and The Disappearence of God In George Bernard Shaw’s The Miraculous Revenge Short Story

This research tries to investigate and elaborate the intention of Shaw in writing such a hypocrite story which one side praise God, church and bible, but another side mostly portrayed the disappearance of God. Late Victorian is considered as the period which the presence of God is a must in every single activity that the Victorian done because of their purpose to back to the nature by considering God as the Holy creation through praising church. However, Shaw shows a big contradiction between the reality on the Victorian era with the elaboration of the short story by questioning the presence of God even though it looks like the story is about praising the church. This research is analyzed using qualitative descriptive method with historical approach and historicism theory. The result of this study indicates that church has the authority which is legitimate by the society even though the society itself has a doubt on the presence of God and even disappearing God in their life in society. Therefore, the power or the authority which is had by the church is not absolute and can be replaced by other beliefs because the reality which is faced by the society cannot always be understood by the church.

A New Historicist Study of Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s Anti-(neo)colonial Novel, Petals of Blood

This study aims at investigating how Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s novel, Petals of Blood gives a close analysis of the pre-and-postcolonial history of the colonised through the recurrent use of anecdotes which have been eroded and destroyed during the British colonisation period of African lands, especially Kenya. Using new historicism theory as espoused in Catherine Gallagher and Stephen Greenblatt’s (2001) Practicing New Historicism, as a theoretical framework, this research will unearth how Ngũgĩ’s anticolonial-postcolonial narrative, Petals of Blood depicts the Kenyan cultural norms and society and the damage caused to them due to colonisation. As New historicism deals with reading a text through its historical context to understand why a particular text has been written and under which circumstances it has been produced, the study has therefore traced new historicist concepts and their strategic employment by Ngugi (1977) in the novel to better explicate and contextualize his narrative, an effective illustration of writing back to the empire.

이기백 역사학의 민족과 민중 - 자유 개념의 변주와 역사의 종언

This paper examines the theoretical foundations of Lee Ki-baek’s historical studies and the characteristics of the concepts of people and people. On the basis of Lee’s studies, there was a theory of historicism that developed around Germany. Giambattista Vico, located at the origin of historicism, criticized the positivist trend of natural science and suggested a new perspective on history centered on human free will, which later passed through Germany and Japan to Lee. Lee criticized various existing historical views, including Japanese colonial history, and established a historical view of Korean history based on historicism. This was to present the people as the main characters of Korean history and establish the possibility of Korean history through colonization, division, and war in the global universality. However, he moved toward emphasizing the legitimacy of the Republic of Korea by linking freedom, a historical philosophical concept, to the political system.

Faktor Keterlibatan Jepang dalam Perang Dunia II pada Film Rengou Kantai Shirei Choukan Yamamoto Isoroku

Japan is one of the countries that was actively involved in World War II. In the war, Japan joined Germany and Italy to fight the US and its allies. However, World War II ended with Japan's defeat in 1945. This study aims to determine the factors of Japan's involvement in World War II in the film Rengou Kantai Shirei Choukan Yamamoto Isoroku by Izuru Narushima. Data was collected using the method of observation and documentation. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive analysis method and the results are presented using informal methods. The theory used in this research is the New Historicism theory by Greenblatt (1980). The results of the analysis show that there are three factors behind Japan's involvement in World War II. The three factors are 1) the belief that war can end the economic crisis; 2) Japan's dream of liberating Asia; and 3) the memory of Japan's victories in wars in the past.

The Novelist as a Historian: A Study of the Nigerian/Biafran War Account from the Perspective of Chukwuemeka Ikeh’s Sunset at Dawn

The novelist is a creator and a creative writer whose foundation is lodged in imaginative thinking. It is in the creative writer’s ability to recreate events, which had either taken place or could take place, through the use of fictive characters, and creative use of language. This study therefore introspects the events of the Nigerian/Biafra civil war from the perspective of the novelist as a historian, in doing this the study examines the events of the civil war from the literary perspectives and accounts of a literary giant Chukwu Emeka Ikeh’s Sunset at Dawn. Data for the study is collected from secondary sources, the text under study and other Nigerian/Biafran war novels, historical books about the civil war, and internet sources. The study adopted the theory of historicism as a frame work. It highlighted the civil war era from the perspective of the writer under study, from the beginning of the conflict to when it became a full-blown war, the killings, starvation, hunger and the end of the war. The study identified some of the remote causes of the war to be the fear of political domination among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria, deep seated ethnic resentment and acrimony among others. This study recommends that similar situation in future can only be averted through power devolution, all- inclusive leadership style and equitable distribution of the nation’s resources.

Racial Discrimination Experienced by Black People as Reflected in Langston Hughes's Poems

This study aims to describe the racial discrimination from white people against black people that was formerly a slave by analyzing Langston Hughes' poems; I, Too, To the Black Beloved, The White Ones, and My Beloved. Presentation of racial discrimination can be seen from the act of prejudice, insulting, words used, and the act of suppression to the black people. These poems represent the poet's feeling of social phenomena that happened. The data were analyzed utilizing the new historicism theory, enriched by historical text, socio-cultural, and political information during slavery. This study is a qualitative descriptive method using the new historicism approach to explain the racial discrimination experienced in Langston Hughes' poems. The result showed that Langston Hughes reflects the phenomena of racial discrimination through his poems, such as slave, victim, nigger, torture, darker brother, and not beautiful in his poems. Langston Hughes in his poetry concludes that black discrimination is treated badly; they eat in the kitchen, they are not beautiful, children's happiness is tarnished, and racial discrimination is inhumane.

Life in Palestine Under the Rule of the Ottoman Empire According to Ibrahim Nassralla's Novel: Zaman al-Khoyoul al-Bayda'

This study deals with the Palestinian administrative, economic, political, educational, intellectual, and national dimensions as they are reflected in the stories and events of the historical novel Zaman al-Khoyoul al-Baida' by the Palestinian writer Ibrahim Nassralla, The novel that covers three generations from 1880s to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. The events take place in a Palestinian village called 'Hadiya ', which serves as a representative of all Palestine. The study proves that the writer emphasizes the Palestinian identity through the stories that he collected from people who lived through the three periods of occupation of Palestine: the Ottoman Empire, the British Mandate and Israel, but the main focus is on the Ottoman Period. Stylistically, the novel has a special printing style. The oral stories are typed in italics in order to distinguish them from written stories. To investigate the information in the people's quoted stories, the events of the novel and the writer's arguments and his descriptions of the life of local Palestinians, the study relies on Paul Hamilton's theory of historicism , which is a critical way of using historical contexts to interpret narrative texts.

The Yorùbá Social Values in Ọbasá’s Poetry

Among the social values which equip the Yorùbá person are honesty, transparency, accountability, integrity, justice, fair-play, family sense, hard work, and truthfulness. The basic values of the people determine their behavior and what they direct their energy toward. Yorùbá social values have received serious attention from scholars. However, the ideology that inform the social values have not been given a deserved attention. The main aim of this essay is to investigate the Yorùbá social values in Ọbasá’s poetry texts – Àwọn Akéwì I-III (1924, 1934, and 1945). The objective of the study is to examine the ideology which inform the social values, and which construct power. The paper also analyzes the extent to which the poet engages the ideology as exemplified in his poetry texts. In addition, the essay highlights the relevance of Ọbasá’s works to the contemporary Yorùbá society, and the literary devices employed by the poet to put across his message. The study employs descriptive and analytical methods using a New Historicism theory, which calls for a recovery of the ideology that gave birth to a text. The findings of this study reveal the Yorùbá philosophical thoughts on social values, and Obasa ͎’s interrogation of the phil ́ - osophical thoughts, which revere physical strength, wealth, position, children, 88 Saudat Adébísí O͎láyídé Hamzat & Hezekiah Olúfé͎mi Adeodun and knowledge as power. The study concludes that Ọbasá was a versatile and a thorough-bred poet whose poems call attention to the Yorùbá social values, to deconstruct and redefine power in a way that promote development. The study suggests that Ọbasá’s poems be studied holistically, and recommends that the poems should be reprinted and made available for scholarly work in institutions of learning.

The Mythology of Defeat: The Yom Kippur War of October (1973) in Ada Aharoni’s Toward a Horizon of Peace, New Historicist Reading

Using a New Historicist methodology, this paper explores the ideology in selected poems by Ada Aharoni. The paper begins by investigating the three major paradigms used by Israeli society to mythologize the Yom Kippur War. After that, an overview of the new historicism theory is presented, with a focus on the concepts of power and ideology. This helps to develop the argument of the paper into illustrating the connection between Aharoni and new historicism by discussing how she achieves her ideology in her poetry. Finally, the paper presents an analysis of selected poems from a new historicist perspective.

CONTEXTUALIZING ALAN CLARKE’S SHORT MOVIE ‘ELEPHANT’: THE HISTORICAL APPROACH

The descriptive-qualitative paper purports an in-depth reading of the Trouble event depiction in Elephant movie by applying Greenblatt’s theory of Historicism. Elephant movie contains only 16 murders in a repeated and exact manners with no context and dialogue other than a sentence in the opening movie. New Historicism is expected to explain why the movie presents in such a way by correlating one to each other; the movie and the history. The data would be collected through observation and analyzed with content analyses method. The symmetrical positioning of the literary work and the history explains (1) how the massive censorship of media and the extremely strict rule in Northern Ireland shaped the idea of producing Elephant with covert relation to either political party in conflict (2) the absence of people who was responsible of the conflict explains the vagueness of who killed and who was killed, and (3) the erasure of characterization of the characters coincide with the cluelessness of who was the real victim.

Within Indian wars and the Wounded Knee massacre

Besides recorded in textbooks, historical events sometimes are adopted into literary works. Rebecca Wiles’ Bury Me at Wounded Knee is one of which since it portrays the Indian Wars and the Wounded Knee Massacre on 29 December 1890. The clause Bury Me at Wounded Knee in the poem is a form of self-determination of Native Americans. This paper aims at mapping the causal relation of historical events found in the poem to examine the Native Americans’’ self-determination inside it. As the basis, the paper employs the Historicism theory and Self-Determination theory (SDT) about autonomous and controlled motivations. The results found that the Native Americans’ self-determination in the poem is an undermined one. It is built by their internal autonomous motivation of deeply rooted culture and beliefs. However, the encroachments of the U.S. government who seized their rights, acted as controlled extrinsic motivations, internalized and thwarted the intrinsic motivation so that the self-determination is undermined. It decreases in the degree from an eagerness to act and resist to merely a wish of being buried in the location where they die and think of extinction.

Primary School Reading Materials and Contexts of Change in New Zealand's School Journal, 1907-1989

This paper considers primary school texts as resources for teaching reading and as children's literature, applying principles of close reading and New Historicism theory to explore the effects on texts of changing social, political, and pedagogical contexts in the twentieth century. Particular issues discussed are predominant themes and ideologies, narrative technique, representations of systems of authority and control, the positioning of the child reader, and the relationship of the text to curriculum and the teaching of reading. There will be a focus on the School Journal, as New Zealand's longest running periodical, an apt illustration of contextual change.

TRACING THE ARMENIAN DESCENDANTS AND SELF-IDENTITY: AN ANALYSIS OF CAN THESE BONES LIVE?

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study demonstrated how Armenian Massacres as crime fiction developed in response to finding their identity by tracing the ethnic criminal or heritage against their descendants. Besides, by looking at this genocide against the Armenian racial, I found it increasingly difficult to ignore the link between self-identity and the race criminalization conducted by the authority Methodology: In this study, the writer implemented New Historicism theory by looking at the historical background, and combined with Horney Psychoanalysis of Personality, through the activities conducted by the characters. Then, through analyzing the plot and the whole story, the writer found that self-awareness of those characters could be seen in different forms and cultures. Based on those theories that people who know themselves will know what they think, feel, and believe; they will be able to take responsibility for themselves and be able to determine their values by reflecting their personality Main Findings: Self-identity and Armenian descendants could be portrayed significantly, and they were very appropriate with the identity of the characters shown in the texts. Here, the writer also found that a novelist like Tom Frist (2015) used the backdrop of massacres to write about the inner lives of Turkish criminals. He focused directly on the narrative dilemmas posed by American Armenian. His work attempted to uncouple race from crime, and this writer showed us how massacres fiction became a necessary identity form for American Armenian who lived as migration and diaspora. Applications of this study: So, the study of Armenian descendants was not only useful for a literary critic but also presented the history and ethnic cleansing in Turkey. And through this analysis, we learned more about the bitter experiences faced by deportees as shown in the setting places and the author’s perspective. Novelty/Originality of this study: Finally, I believed that tracing the Armenian descendants and self-identity was fascinating by identifying the characters shown in the novel.

CONTEXTUALISING HISTORY AND CREATIVITY: AN EXPLORATION OF AHMED YERIMA'S “THE TRIALS OF OBA OVONRAMWEM

This paper beams its searchlight on the relationship between history and creativity in Ahmed Yerima's The Trials of Oba Ovonramwem.The study adopted the qualitative research method usingDocumentary Observation Research instrument in line with the textual nature of the work. The theoretical framework used as a tool of analysis is the New Historicism theory propounded by Stephen Greenblatt, the theory aims at understanding the work of art through its historical context and also understanding cultural and intellectual history through literature. It was observed that, the history has been transformed into theatrical products. Thus the efforts of the playwright atcreating drama out of history appear to bridge the gap between fact and fiction in historical drama. The study establishes that the relationship between history and drama is the one which the playwright offers explanation through his play to historical event while forcing on it his thematic preoccupation.The study finds out that historical plays can be used in the most viable way for the promotion and propagation of the African culture. The play has to some extent tried to achieve this role through the use of songs, proverbs, dances, chants, language of the people. This study also reveals that the playwright has made the play relevant to the contemporary society through some specific themes. The study discovers that in using history for drama, the playwrights is free to rework and recognize the actual story depending on the purpose and what the writer aims to achieve with the story, this is done in order for history to have a sharper meaning to the new people who will see it and also to achieve a thematic preoccupation.From the foregoing, it can be said that history has therefore become a source material for the playwrights; they deem it necessary to interpret it by giving it contemporary relevance. The play is therefore a historical play that is set in a milieu which deals with historical personages and events. The history has been artistically woven from real life material into a highly dramatic piece, establishing a sense of a particular historical period and giving the audience necessary information at the same time leading up skillfully to the climaxes supplied by historical facts. As it were, the word of the past replaces the world of the past, since for the New Historicist, the events and attitudes of the past now exist solely as writing. The author's role to a large extent is determined by historical circumstances. The playwright has done this by carefully and skillfully blending history with the use of dramatic techniques such proverbs, chants incantations, characters, setting, irony, and climax. The paper attempts to encourage playwrights to continue to use history as source material in writing their plays It can therefore be concluded that the playwrights draws their source material from mundane human experience i.e. history and weave them with aesthetics through the power of imagination and creativity thus making it a beautiful play that can preserve the history of their society.

이기백의 일본유학과 역사주의 수용 : 사학사의 관점에서

이 글은 이기백 역사학의 특징과 의미를 일본유학 및 역사주의 이론의 수용을 통해 고찰한 것이다. 이기백은 식민지지배를 위한 이데올로기로 기능했던 일제의 ‘조선사’연구를 비판하고 새로운 ‘한국사’의 수립에 평생을 바쳐 노력했다. 그리고 이를 위한 이론적 토대를 역사주의를 통해 마련했다. 그는 일본유학 시절 습득한 역사주의의 이론과 방법론을 통해 인간의 자유와 진리를 중시하는 역사관을 형성했다. 나아가 한국사를 관통하는 자유민주주의의 확대과정을 보편성의 관점에서 그려낸다. 이와 같은 이기백 역사학의 특징은 일국사적 시점을 넘어서는 사학사연구를 통해서 파악할 필요가 있다. 다만 이러한 이기백의 역사관은 대한민국의 모든 역사를 긍정하는 낙관적인 자세를 낳고 말았다. 분단시대 이후의 새로운 역사인식을 위해서도 이기백 역사학의 사학사적 의미를 상세히 살펴볼 필요가 있겠다.

Penggambaran Tokoh Oda Nobunaga Dalam Drama Nobunaga Concerto

This thesis entitled “The Description of Oda Nobunaga in the Drama of Nobunaga Concerto”. This thesis aims to know character’s description of Oda Nobunaga and its comparison in historical fact. The method used to analyze the data is descriptive analysis techniques. This thesis used the new historicism theory by Barry (2002) and the semotics theory by Saussure (1913). According to the result, there are three descriptive dimensions of Oda Nobunaga namely physiological, psychological, and sociological dimensions. Physiological dimension is shown with three aspects namely, 1) physical characteristics, 2) age, 3) clothes and accessories. Psychological dimension is shown with two aspects namely, 1) characters and 2) intelegence in arranging the strategy of war. Sociological dimension is shown with two aspects namely, 1) social status and 2) social relations. This research examines the comparison between the character of Oda Nobunaga and Oda Nobunaga in historical fact by three dimensions. First, based on physiological dimension, three have been found similarities in terms of body posture and shape of face, while the differences are the style of haircut, age, clothes and accessories. Second, psychologically, the similarities are found on their characters, and the differences found are their intelegence. Third, sociologycally, they are similar in social status-upscale, and having less harmony relations to their surroundings.

MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION AS SEEN IN FORREST CARTER’S THE EDUCATION OF LITTLE TREE

This papers primary purpose is to examine the concept and the impact of multicultural education that is seen in The Education of Little Tree . This paper employs American Studies perspective and Historicism theory in order to obtain the purpose of the study. Using American Studies perspective, this research views Native Americans as indigenous people of America. Using Historicism theory, this research is able to uncover the concept and the impact of multicultural education in the novel by viewing the socio-historical context that is referred by the novel and the socio-historical context when the novel was written and then published. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the concept of multicultural education that is seen in the The Education of Little Tree is similar to the concept that is promoted by the experts of multicultural education. The education that is given by the grandparents promotes cultural pride, knowledge of historical information of a culture, and respect towards other cultures. Furthermore, there are several positive impacts of multicultural education that is seen in The Education of Little Tree , they are: first, children possess cultural pride; second, children possess the historical knowledge of their own culture; third, children possess the cultural knowledge of other cultures in their society; and fourth, children respect other cultures in their society.