Deprivation Theory Research Articles

Separatist Agitations in Nigeria: A Critical Analysis of National Integration Under Buhari Administration

Abstract This study examined the interface between separatist agitations and national integration under Buhari’s Administration in Nigeria. The study investigated the various separatist groups operating in Nigeria, particularly the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) that emerged as an outcome of unbearable incidence of marginalisation by Buhari’s administration. The study leveraged on the propositional trappings of relative deprivation theory to explain and bear witness to the argument that when marginalization consistently goes beyond its bearable height against groups to favour others, it would amount to relative deprivation. This becomes a breeding ground for various forms of agitation like self-determination. The study relied on documentary method for data gathering and adopted content analysis for analysing the materials generated. It firmly upheld that marginalisation, as obviously witnessed in Buhari-led administration, not only resulted in the revitalisation of the various separatist groups, but also undermined national integration in Nigeria. It recommended, amongst other things, for an inclusive national policy of integration and unity.

Voice Endorsement and Cyberloafing: The Role of Relative Deprivation and Perceived Over Qualification

Although the imperical studies about voice endorsement is increasing, but the outcome variables of the voice endorsement are still being ignored to a large extent. According to the relative deprivation theory, this study found that the low voice endorsement have a negative effect which boost the employees sense of relative deprivation, including the horizontal and longitudinal compares with other persons or groups, and relative deprivation promote the cyberloafing behavior of employees. Moreover, the indirect effects of relative deprivation on the relationship between voice endorsement and cyberloafing behavior are stronger when employees score high on perceived over qualification. These results fill the gap in the voice endorsement researching area and provide a suggestions for leaders to reduce subordinates deviation behaviors in the perspective of psychological feelings.

Implications of Cross Border Proliferation of Small and Light Weapons (SALWs) for Nigeria’s National Security: A Study of Kaduna State, 2010-2020

This work examined the security implications of the Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALWs) in Nigeria laying more emphasis on Kaduna State. The work relied on both primary and secondary data. For the primary data, they were obtained through an in-depth interview with key stakeholders who are abreast with issues of the subject matter, this included all three arms of the armed forces, the police, customs, immigration, and those who have been victims of attack and culprits who were arrested with SALWs. While secondary data were sourced from textbooks, journal articles, seminar papers, and newspapers, among others on the subject matter. The work adopted the relative deprivation theory as a framework of analysis. Findings of the work show that there were serious security implications of the proliferation of SALWs for Kaduna state which has led to an increase in crime rate, political violence, conflicts, and disruption of economic activities within the period under review. The study, therefore, recommends inter-agency and bilateral cooperation on border patrol, adequate equipment and training of security personnel, proper remuneration for security agents, improved government policies and framework to grow the economy and create jobs, strict adherence to prescribing laws and regulations governing the possession and use of small arms and light weapons among others.

Peer effects on academic self-concept: a large randomized field experiment

Abstract Social theories posit that peers affect students’ academic self-concept (ASC). Most prominently, Big-Fish-Little-Pond, invidious comparison, and relative deprivation theories predict that exposure to academically stronger peers decreases students’ ASC, and exposure to academically weaker peers increases students’ ASC. These propositions have not yet been tested experimentally. We executed a large and pre-registered field experiment that randomized students to deskmates within 195 classrooms of 41 schools (N = 3,022). Our primary experimental analysis found no evidence of an effect of peer achievement on ASC in either direction. Exploratory analyses hinted at a subject-specific deskmate effect on ASC in verbal skills, and that sitting next to a lower-achieving boy increased girls’ ASC (but not that sitting next to a higher-achieving boy decreased girls’ ASC). Critically, however, none of these group-specific results held up to even modest corrections for multiple hypothesis testing. Contrary to theory, our randomized field experiment thus provides no evidence for an effect of peer achievement on students’ ASC.

Procedural justice, relative deprivation, and intra-team knowledge sharing: The moderating role of group identification.

How to promote employees' knowledge-sharing behaviors has become a focus of managers and researchers. Based on the theory of relative deprivation, this study explored the mechanism of organizational procedural justice on employees' intra-team knowledge sharing, as well as the mediating role of relative deprivation and the moderating role of group identification. A path analysis was conducted on 416 valid questionnaire data, and the results revealed that: (1) Procedural justice has a positive effect on intra-team knowledge sharing; (2) Both group relative deprivation and individual relative deprivation play a mediating role between procedural justice and intra-team knowledge sharing, but they have opposite effects. Procedural justice reduces both group relative deprivation and individual relative deprivation, but individual relative deprivation decreases employees' intra-team knowledge sharing, while group relative deprivation increases it. (3) Group identification has an enhancing moderating effect on the relationship between group relative deprivation and intra-team knowledge sharing, while the moderating effect on the relationship between individual relative deprivation and intra-team knowledge sharing is not significant. Therefore, enterprises should make procedures such as performance appraisal and salary allocation justify and transparent to reduce individual relative deprivation, but should moderately trigger group relative deprivation flexibly according to the situation, while enhancing employee group identification through cultural construction.

Knowledge mapping of relative deprivation theory and its applicability in tourism research

Tourism research urgently requires the introduction of new theories to address current issues and challenges. Relative deprivation theory may be the key to effectively explaining the attitudes and behaviours of tourism multistakeholders and resolving tourism conflicts. This study uses CiteSpace to conduct a citation space analysis of relative deprivation theory and draws knowledge mappings to reveal its research foundation, research hotspots, and frontiers to discuss the practical possibility of its application to tourism research. The results show that the research content of relative deprivation theory involves 12 knowledge clusters, including subjective well-being, collective action, socioeconomic inequality, in-group attitudes, and relative deprivation theory, and that its theoretical framework is well suited to the context of tourism research. Tourism-related relative deprivation faces practical challenges and has the potential for theoretical innovation. This study focuses on the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours of stakeholders and anticipates future research on tourism relative deprivation from the three aspects of multi-interest research subjects, multidimensional research contents, and multiperspective theoretical expansion, which indicate future research directions while revealing the possible innovation of relative deprivation theory.

Perceiving intraorganizational mobility ameliorates the effects of low-level position on detrimental workplace attitudes and behaviors

How do the perceived chances to get a better position in a company affect how individuals feel and behave towards their employer? Confirming the theory of relative deprivation, recent research showed that social mobility belief has attenuating effects on anger about one's relative social standing. When an individual believes they can change their current social status, negative affect about one's disadvantaged standing is appeased compared to when people believe the present hierarchy is fixed. We tested this model in a workplace context, examining whether perceived intraorganizational mobility ameliorates the effects of a low position at work on negative workplace attitudes (Study 1) and behavior (Study 2). Study 1 (n = 498) found that indeed, perceiving chances of promotion weakened the association of position at work with hostile affect towards the employer. Expanding this model to provide a direct test of the theory of relative deprivation, we designed a moderated mediation model testing whether the effect of workplace position on counterproductive work behaviors was mediated by relative deprivation, and whether this indirect effect was moderated by perceived chances of promotion. As hypothesized, Study 2 (n = 408) found that perceiving chances of promotion attenuated the detrimental effect of workplace position via relative deprivation on counterproductive work behaviors. Effects in both studies occurred independently of company hierarchy, salary, educational attainment, sex, and job sector. Overall, the results suggest that perceiving potential for individual promotion is linked to lower levels of negative workplace attitudes and counterproductive work behaviors.

Understanding local consumers' reactions to perceived unfair product recalls of foreign brands: a relative deprivation perspective

PurposeGlobal product-harm crises increased in recent years. After such crises, firms' product-recall policies varied across countries, which might cause consumers in some countries to feel unfairly treated. Drawing on the relative deprivation theory, this study aims to examine how perceived unfairness of local consumers alters their attitudes toward unfairness-enacting foreign brands and competing domestic brands.Design/methodology/approachThis framework was tested by a netnography study on two product recalls from Samsung along with a consumer survey. While this netnography study provided preliminary support to the framework, survey data collected from 501 Samsung consumers after the Galaxy Note 7 crisis validated the theoretical model again.FindingsPerceived unfairness increases local consumers' avoidance of involved foreign brands and their intention to purchase domestic brands through evoking anger toward the foreign brands. Moreover, the detrimental impact of perceived unfairness is found to be stronger when consumers' prior relationship quality is high.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that investigates unfair product recalls across countries and aims to provide important insights into how consumers react to the unfair treatment of foreign brands in a global product-harm context. This study contributes to the product-harm crisis literature and provides important implications for global product-harm crisis management strategies.

Parental Support and Juvenile Involvement in Internet Fraud

The researcher investigated parental support and juvenile involvement in internet fraud in the Delta North Senatorial District of Delta State. Two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 levels of significance. The Relative Deprivation Theory was used to explain why parents might support internet fraud. Hence, the theory is very cogent, as it explains the fact that a parent who feels relatively deprived might vent their frustration by encouraging their offspring to seek an alternative route (internet fraud) to achieve material wealth. The study used a descriptive survey research design. All SS 1–2 students who registered in public secondary schools in the Delta North Senatorial District of Delta State make up the target population. The sample consisted of 480 students, 160 from each of the three constituencies (Aniocha/Oshimili, Ika, and Ndokwa/Ukuwani), who were specifically chosen from the three constituencies using stratified random selection techniques. A questionnaire on parental support and Juvenile involvement in internet fraud was used for data collection. At a 0.05 level of significance, the T-test statistic was utilized to evaluate the stated hypotheses. Findings from the study reveal that there is a significant difference in parental materialism support and juvenile involvement in internet fraud. Recommendations were made that parents should not place much emphasis on materialism but rather encourage and foster positive and socially acceptable behavior, such as honesty, contentment, discipline, and so on, rather than sending their juveniles to HK (the hustle kingdom) to make money through internet fraud.

Crude Oil Prospecting and Security Challenges in The Niger Delta: A Case Study of Rivers State

This paper examined the effect of crude oil prospecting on the increasing security challenges in the Niger Delta with specific emphasis on Rivers State. It was stated that the discovery of crude oil in the Niger Delta especially Rivers State has not brought to the region the anticipated socio-economic development but rather, decades of crude oil prospecting, oil exploitation, exploration, and production activities in Rivers State have led to severe environmental degradation that has created complex problems (including insecurity) in the State. While adopting the relative deprivation theory, the study argued that the relative deprivation of the inhabitants of Rivers State of a secure and safe environment that is not polluted through crude oil prospecting has invariably increased agitations by various competing groups with varying interests thereby leading to an increase in the spate of insecurity in not just the Niger Delta region particularly the State. While also applying the qualitative methods of data collection and analysis, the study discovered that there is a link between crude oil prospecting and insecurity in Rivers State. It was, therefore, recommended that MNOCs operating in the region should attach priority to payment of compensation for damages that results from operations without delay by cleaning up the damaged environments and compensating those affected.

Separatism Movement and Contemporary Reconciliation: Causes and its Impact towards Political Development in Papua

The separatism occurs in Papua that comes from the root of complex problems, resulting in ongoing conflict between the Free Papua Organization (OPM) and the state. Separatism and conflict in Papua have had a significant impact on political development. This research uses Tedd Robert Gurr's theory of relative deprivation and Lucian Pye's theory of political development as well as qualitative methods. This research examines conflicts and separatism that occur in Papua and their relation to Papuan political development. The result of this research indicates that political development in Papua has not been successful. The discrepancy between expectations for progress and realities can lead to significant political violence. The strengthening of collective discontent can be politicized and produce radical and even separatist resistance movements. These conditions can hinder the course of the political development process, because of the difficulty of building integration and creating political stability.

SOCIAL STATUS OF THE FIRST CHRISTIANS

At the beginning of the twentieth century, in academic circle of German protestant theologian and sociologist emerged so cold Deprivation Theory. According to this theory, the first adepts of new religions and new religious movements are poor, marginalized people deprived of social privileges. The theory is based on the assumption that people are driven to religiosity essentially by material problems and hopelessness related with it. The historical facts and the opinions of prominent historians presented in the paper are clearly at odds with the basic tenets of the theory.

Schools' Neighborhoods and Characteristics: Implications for Standardized Academic Achievement in Passaic, NJ's Elementary, Middle and High Schools.

Schools in urban neighborhoods receive less funding, have less programming, and have poorer infrastructure. Such disparities may impede academic outcomes among youth. This study used publicly available data to examine the association between school characteristics and surrounding neighborhood environment on educational outcomes across three academic years among 132 schools in Passaic County, New Jersey. Further, we assessed how schools' socioeconomic status could buffer the effects of a school's neighborhood disadvantage on academic outcomes. Results supported compound deprivation theory highlighting that lower-performing schools were located in lower-resourced neighborhoods. Further, school characteristics and neighborhood resource deprivation were associated with lower math, English, and science academic performance. Additionally, we found that associations between neighborhood resources and math and science academic outcomes were strongest in schools with greater economic support. We provide implications for research and practice by identifying multi-faceted approaches to challenge educational disparities addressing school and neighborhood-level disadvantages to improve educational outcomes for youth.

Russian subject-level index of multidimensional deprivation and its association with all-cause and infant mortality.

Social and environmental inequalities in public health are recognized as global problems of our time. From the point of view of the theory of deprivation, social and environmental determinants identified as deprivation indicators, which help to detect health inequality. Indices are one of the most practical and powerful tools for measuring the level of deprivation. The aims of our study are (1) to develop a Russian derivation index to measure the levels of deprivation and (2) to analyze its associations with total and infant mortality. Deprivation indicators were obtained from the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia. All mortality data were taken from the official website of the Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation from 2009 to 2012. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation was used to (1) select suitable deprivation indicators and (2) create the index. A Spearman's correlation was run to determine the relationship of deprivation with all-cause and infant mortality. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to assess the relationship between deprivation and infant mortality. Development of the index and statistical analysis were carried out using R and SPSS software. There is not a statistically significant correlation between deprivation and all-cause mortality. OLS regression showed a significant relationship between deprivation and infant mortality (p = 0.02). For every one-unit increase in the index score, infant mortality rate increases by about 20%.

Impact of militancy on education and economic security in Niger delta region of Nigeria

The extensive militarization of the Niger Delta region further elicited a long drawn militancy postures from the restive youth, and the impact of the opposing postures of both State armed actors and non-state armed actors, could be seen aggravating both education security and economic security of the region. It was against this background that this engages relative deprivation theory to investigate the impact of militancy on human security in Niger Delta. The study looked at economic security and education as constructs of human security. This study adopts exploratory research design; using content analysis of publicly available archive documents. The study relies on secondary data. The research is conducted by examining literature concerning militancy and human security in Nigeria. The literature was obtained through searches in publicly available material. Literature from non-serial publications, official reports, and conferences has been included particularly if they have been cited by other references in term of economic security and education security. The study revealed that militancy has negative effects on economic security and education security in Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study concludes that provision of employment opportunities and protection of schools with accessibility to education will go a long way to ensure human security particularly in the Niger Delta region. The study recommends that Federal, State and Local Government evolve adequate protections for education, as that is a conduit of learning tolerance, balance socialisation and civility as against violent narratives from militancy while efforts should be focused on provision of jobs and economic activities to counter the negative narratives of apparent poor governance, used as recruitment bait for the youths into mainstream of militancy in the region.

Impact of militancy on human security in Niger delta: Evidence from food and environmental security

The inability to maximise the potential of nature in the Niger Delta; air pollution, unsafe drinking water, low yield of crops due to endless oil spillage and a threatened aquatic system mostly occasioned by the menace of Niger Delta militancy constitute threats to threats, fear and lack to individual wellbeing in the Delta region and this negates the narrative of human security. It is against this background, that this study leverages on relative deprivation theory to investigate the impact of food and environmental security on human security Niger Delta, Nigeria. The study measured human security with food security and environmental security. The study adopted descriptive survey research design and primary data were collected with the aid of questionnaire designed in a four Likert scale manner to extract information from purposively selected flashpoints of militancy in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. The population of the study is 5,378,500. This study engages Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) scientific sampling technique determination which recommends a sample size of 384 for a population above a million. Ordinary least square regression analysis was employed to analyse the data. The study revealed that food and environmental security have negative significant impact on human security in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study concludes that a threatened food and environmental security predict human insecurity in Niger Delta, Nigeria. If food security and environmental security is assured and improved, then human security will be on a strong footing in the volatile region of Niger Delta. The study recommends that Federal and State Government should spend more on these critical platforms that explains human security by focusing on good governance as against militarization of the Niger Delta region.

The effect of price perception on tourists’ relative deprivation and purchase intention

ABSTRACT Price discrimination has been adopted by an increasing number of tourism attractions to maximize profit. However, the influence of price perception induced by price discrimination on tourists’ emotions and their behaviours has been largely ignored by existing literature. To fill the research gap, this study explores the effect of price perception on a tourist’s relative deprivation and purchase intention based on the relative deprivation theory. The results indicate that perceived higher prices lead to an increase in relative deprivation, which in turn, discourages tourists from purchasing tickets for tourism attractions. It follows that the reverse is true, i.e. that perceived lower prices lead to a decrease in relative deprivation, encouraging the purchase of tickets for tourism attractions. This study further reveals that high tourism attraction awareness attenuates the relative deprivation of a perceived higher price, while quantitative scarcity message increases the likelihood of the relative deprivation.

The influence of differential leadership on employees' deviant innovation behavior: An outsider subordinate perspective.

Given the complex business environment worldwide and rapid development of information technologies, employees' deviant innovation behavior has attracted increasing attention. However, few scholars have explored the internal mechanism of the influence of differential leadership on the deviant innovation behavior of outsider subordinates from a positive perspective. Based on relative deprivation theory and attribution theory, we construct a theoretical model to study the influence of differential leadership in family businesses on the deviant innovation behavior of outsider subordinates, and hypothesis testing is conducted based on 243 questionnaire responses. The result shows that: differential leadership has a positive impact on the deviant innovation behavior of outsider subordinates; relative deprivation plays a mediating role; and internal control personality enhances the moderation effect between relative deprivation and outsider subordinates' deviant innovation behavior. This study provides a reference point for the promotion of the innovation performance both of employees and organizations.

A study on the influence of perception of excess Qualifications on job burnout in college graduates

Based on the theoretical perspective of relative deprivation theory, this paper analyzes the empirical data of 352 employees who have experienced higher education, and explores the mechanism of employee perception of excess qualifications on employee job burnout. The results show that the perception of overqualification can strengthen job burnout in three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, low sense of achievement and cynicism. Insider's identity perception and organizational support perception negatively moderated the effect of employee's overqualification perception on job burnout.

Examining the between‐ and within‐person effects of relative deprivation: Results from a 7‐year longitudinal panel sample

AbstractDespite the extensive literature on relative deprivation theory, few studies have examined the longitudinal effects of individual‐ and group‐based relative deprivation (IRD and GRD, respectively) on individual‐ and group‐based outcomes, nor has research investigated the between‐person and within‐person effects of these constructs. Using two random intercept cross‐lagged panel models, we address these oversights by estimating the between‐person and average annual within‐person associations IRD and GRD have with psychological distress and collective action support in a nation‐wide longitudinal panel sample (N = 64,607). As expected, IRD and GRD were more strongly associated with psychological distress and collective action support, respectively, at the between‐person level and contemporaneously at the within‐person level. However, contrary to expectations, temporary departures in IRD and GRD predicted within‐person increases in collective action support and psychological distress, respectively. These results raise questions about how and when people respond to inequality and provide the foundations for future longitudinal research.