Commodification Theory Research Articles

Commodifying Culture In A Frontier Area: The Utilization of Madurese Culture for Developing Tourism in the Eastern Tip of Java Island, Indonesia

This study aimed to analyze the reasons that the Regent of Bondowoso chose Madurese culture to be a tourist destination for Bondowoso Regency, and the impact of the commodification of Madurese culture on the welfare of the Bondowoso community. The theory of commodification and historical method were used in this study. The primary data were collected through participatory observation, interview, and colonial sources (documentation), while secondary data were collected from various sources which include published works, results of related studies, and related government reports. The population was the Madurese community in Bondowoso Regency. The results of the study had proven that Madurese Culture like Kerapan Sapi and Sapi Sonok (cow’s beauty contest) had been contesting in front of the public since the Dutch colonial period, while Ronteg Singo Ulung, Pojien Dance and Petik Kopi ritual had been used as tourism commodities in Bondowoso Regency since 2017. In this importance, the Regent of Bondowoso chose Madurese culture as a lure for tourists; both domestic and foreign tourists. This action was to improve the welfare of the community, as well as generating revenue for the Regional Government and Village Government.

Kebertahanan Usaha Kain Batik di Desa Gulurejo Tahun 1986-2018

This research entitled The Development of Batik Fabric Enterprises in Gulurejo Village, Lendah District, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region 1986-2018. The purpose of this research is to determine the development of batik fabric business in the village of Gulurejo, what factors influenced the development of the batik fabric business and the implications of the development of batik fabric business for the local community. In this the researcher apply the methodology of economic history. The theory used in this research is the theory of Jhon Adam Smith about demand and supply, besides that the researcher also use the theory of commodification from Marx. The method used in this research is historical research method, where in this method there are four stages namely, (1) heuristic, (2) Source Criticism, (3) interpretation, and (4) historiography. The results of this study revealed the ups and downs of the batik cloth business were influenced by several events such as the economic crisis, the Bali bombings and the earthquake. The development of batik cloth business is influenced by the community and government policies. With the development of the batik cloth business until 2018 it has had an impact on society in the socio-economic and socio-cultural fields.

UTILIZATION PROFANIZATION HERITAGE OF PETITENGET PURA CULTURE IN THE TRADITIONAL VILLAGE OF KEROBOKAN, KECAMATAN KUTA UTARA, BADUNG

The study discusses the profanation of the utilization of cultural heritage of Petitenget Temple in the traditional village of Kerobokan, Sub-district of Kuta Utara, Regency of Badung, amid the rapid development of the tourism sector. The problems under study in this research pertaining to (1) the form of profanation of utilization of cultural heritage of Petitenget Temple in Kerobokan, (2) the factors that led to the profanation of the utilization of cultural heritage of Petitenget Temple in Kerobokan, (3) the impact and meaning of profanation of the utilization of cultural heritage of Petitenget Temple in Kerobokan. The research uses descriptive qualitative method of analysis, using several theories namely (1) theory of practice, (2) theory of deconstruction, (3) theory of commodification. Data collection in this study was conducted by using observation, interviews, and document research. The research results show that Petitenget Temple as the cultural heritage has undergone profanation over its use as a cultural attraction in the traditional village of Kerobokan. The problems are due to several factors including (1) the appeal factor of Petitenget Temple as the heritage attractions, (2) the development of the tourism industry factors, with increasingly famous beaches around Petitenget Temple, (3) the factors of economic necessity in the management of Petitenget Temple. While the impact included (1) economic impact, (2) environmental impact, (3) social impact, (4) the impact of culture. While the meaning of profanation including (1) the meaning of sanctity of the temple, (2) the meaning of the ritual, (3) the meaning of moral, (4) the meaning of welfare.
 Keywords: profanation, cultural heritage, Petitenget Temple, and cultural tourism.

Komodifikasi Musik Resepsi Pernikahan di Bandung

The term cover here means to re-sing or re-perform a song. The process of covering a song is essentially an adaptation, in which much of the value lies in the cover musician’s interpretation. Covers can easily be found at wedding receptions in the case of performing popular songs and romantic themes. This research studies about pop cover songs on wedding receptions, using commodification theory by Vincent Mosco. Data collection methods are literature studies, interview, and observation. From this research, the results show that the commodification of pop music covers are as follows: (1) commodification of content, cover songs are packaged into a romantic musical performance, as if giving a message or “meaning” that a wedding party without musical entertainment would be felt less lively (2) commodification of audiences, the bride as clients are used as a source of economic (3) commodification of labor, skill and service of musicians as workers, are treated as commodities and rewarded in return. Wedding reception as popular culture is closely related to a society prioritizing prestige and image rather than just utilities. Keywords: commodification, cover, wedding music

Komodifikasi Dalam Pengembangan Tradisi Okokan Sebagai Atraksi Wisata di Desa Kediri, Tabanan

This study aims to determine the forms of commodification in the development of the Okokan tradition as a tourist attraction in Kediri Village, Tabanan. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative data collection techniques through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study using a ladder of citizen participation theory, product life cycle theory, and commodification theory. This study found that the level of community participation was in the form of consultation with participation between the community and the government still being passive. While the stages of developing the Okokan tradition are at a stage of growth, where the wider community is getting to know Okokan with promotions carried out and proven by the appearance of the Okokan at various events. The forms of commodification in the development of the Okokan tradition as tourist attractions include the processes of production, distribution, and consumption.
 Keywords: Community Participation, Okokan Tradition, Commodification, Kediri-Tabanan Village

Commodification Education at Darussolah Senior High School on Singojuruh, Banyuwangi- East Java Province

Education in Indonesia has two gates for implementing education, namely under the auspices of the Ministry of National Education and Education under the auspices of the Ministry of Religion. In 2003 the existence of a law on regional autonomy opened up opportunities to establish public schools in Islamic boarding schools. This research was designed using qualitative research with emancipatory approaches, with the commodification theory. Data collection is done through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies and literature studies. The analytical method used is qualitative descriptive. The results of the study show that commodification of education in Darussholah High School is very premature because (1) the facilities and infrastructures provided by Islamic boarding schools are very inadequate (2) School facilities and infrastructure Still need additional (3) curriculum still needs improvement and improvement because the school compiling education programs is closely related to the development of Islamic boarding schools with brilliant class programs that have the aim of improving the character of students through deepening religion and technology through general education.

PENGEMBANGAN KAIN ENDEK SEBAGAI PRODUK PENUNJANG PARIWISATA BUDAYA DI BALI

Bali Island as a tourist destination is known for its natural beauty and cultural uniqueness. The uniqueness and characteristics of Balinese culture are very attractive to both domestic and foreign tourists. This makes Bali continue to explore and develop the potential of culture in the middle of society. The development is carried out to support cultural tourism as a superior program. In the development of cultural tourism, traditional fabrics have not also received attention through development programs. One of the traditional Balinese cloths that continuing to be developed is endek cloth. Endek fabric is a traditional fabric with its type of ikat. Previously endek cloth was widely used as clothing in Balinese religious rituals. The development of endek cloth as a supporting product for cultural tourism in Bali were made this fabric renewed and adjusted to the interests of tourists along the times. The aims of this study is to develop endek cloth with using qualitative methods. The theory that will be used is the theory of commodification and social practice theory. The results of the study include (1) the specialty of endek cloth as a supporting product for cultural tourism in Bali, (2) the process of developing endek cloth untill now, (3) Analysis of the development of endek cloth as a supporting product for cultural tourism both internal and external.

Pura Desa Batuan sebagai Media Pendidikan Multikultural Melalui Pariwisata

Bali tourism dynamics are reflected by the use of the village temple as a tourist attraction. This paper discusses the Impact of Development of Tourism activity in Pura Desa Batuan to the socio-economic life of the local community, and cultural tourism object <em>“pura desa batuan</em>” as media of multicultural education. This paper is the result of qualitative research. The process of data collection is done by observation, literature study and in-depth interviews with 10 informants manager Pura Desa Batuan and tourists who visit the attraction Pura Desa Batuan. Data analysis was performed by descriptive, qualitative and interpretative by applying the theory of commodification of tourism development. The results showed that Pura Desa Batuan has become a tourist attraction in Bali that selected by travelers, the travel commodity to benefit local communities. The presence of tourists has raised entrepreneurship and supporting development manners Batuan Village People. In addition, a cultural attraction Pura Desa Batuan is also as a medium of multicultural education. Tourist activity in Pura Desa Batuan village that is capable of generating economic activity and strengthen the cultural traditions of local communities and raise awareness of this multicultural needs to be maintained and developed.

Komodifikasi Organ Jaipong di Kabupaten Sumedang

Organ Jaipong performance is currently becoming a trend in the Sumedang regency. There are pros and cons amomg the artists regarding the Organ Jaipong, yet it still exists in the society. In fact, not few people accept Organ jaipong and invite it to be performed as the entertainment in a wedding ceremony or circumcision. Organ Jaipong is a commodity in the society both for the artists and the lovers. The community considers that Organ Jaipong art is very practical, economical and affordable. It is a solution for the people wanting a performance with minimal budget but the same quality as Bangreng art. The research is aimed to reveal the uses of Jaipong organ for Sumedang society. The study uses descriptive qualitative method applying Vincent Mosco’s commodification theory, 1996, that is by changing the use value into exchange rate. The data are obtained through interview, documentation analysis, field observation, and literature study. The result shows: (1) the Organ Jaipong in Sumedang has been commodified, (2) the commodification of Organ Jaipong in Sumedang is directed for the economy of Sumedang people and the art performers. Organ Jaipong is a commercial art, bought and sold to Sumedang people. Either the art performers or the audience involved in organ jaipong performances is part of the commodity form. This is to improve the economy of the organ Jaipong. The economy is used for daily needs of both the producers and the artists. Keywords: commodification, Organ Jaipong, Sumedang

KONGLOMERASI MEDIA DAN POLITIK: ANALISIS KOMODIFIKASI TV SATELIT BERLANGGANAN INDOVISION DALAM PESTA DEMOKRASI

Media ownership is closely related to political-economic interests. Whether it involves power over the economic industry that encompasses its fields, as well as power in the political sphere. Ownership of subscription satellite TV also has its own advantages in the sphere of media-political economy. In the momentum of the 2014 legislative and presidential elections, subscription satellite TV Indovision as a subsidiary of broadcast media owned by Harry Tanoesodibjo has its own role. In this article, Indovision's role in the democratic party was analyzed by looking at the theory of commodification of audiences and the commodification of content, both of which are interrelated in perfecting the commodification of political advertising content in Indovision subscription TV. The analysis was carried out using a qualitative descriptive research method with the presentation of several points, including Indovision Domination in the Subscribed Satellite TV Market; Indovision Commodification (covering commodification of audiences and content); and Commodification of Political Advertising Content. Keywords: Political Economy of Media,, TV Cable, Content Commocification, Audiens Commodification.

KREASI IKAT ENDEK SEBAGAI PRODUK PENUNJANG PARIWISATA BALI

As a tourism destination in the world, Bali attracts many tourists to visit because of its tourist attractions and culture. One form of Balinese cultural products is Balinese endek, a traditional Balinese fabric comes in a myriad of beautiful colors and geometrical designs. The experience of weaving Balinese Endek is the phenomenon of commodification in its essence as a creative industry. The author uses this paper to be able to critically examine the Balinese Endek function with a culture studies approach in relation to the use of endek in the tourism sector. The instrument for analyzing this paper is using the commodification theory, which is explaining about something that is not related to the production process into a product that is consumed in bulk, yet is related to how a product is marketed to the target market in order to meet consumer needs.The methodology used in examining the phenomenon of the commodification of Balinese endek is a critical method that is emancipatory in nature, namely the involvement of producers or weavers and business people (who are involved in the tourism industry). The results of this paper are: (1) The symbolic meaning that is typical of Balinese Endek is an attraction and has the potential to attract tourists, thus helping to improve the economy of the Balinese people. (2) The dynamics of Balinese Endek marketing in the market are in demand by the local market as well as the global market as a creative product. (3) The development of function of the Balinese endek not solely by the local community, but also by tourists to be used as a souvenir.
 Keywords: Commodification, Tenun Ikat Endek Bali, Bali Tourism

Kesadaran Multikultural dan Kewirausahaan Masyarakat Desa (Kasus Desa Wisata Batuan, Bali)

Cultural tourism of Bali was supported by the existence of tourist objects or village activities, including the existence of the tourist village of Batuan, Sukawati, Gianyar that was flooded by tourists. This paper discusses the existence of tourist attraction at ‘Pura Batuan’ as multicultural education and growing entrepreneurship of the local people around the tourist object of “Pura Desa Batuan”. The research data was collected through observation, document study and interviews with 8 informants: visitor and top leader of Batuan Village and researcher of Balinese culture. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, qualitatively by applying stakeholder and cultural commodification theory. The results of the study show that the cultural heritage of Pura Desa Batuan had become part of the main tourist attraction in the tourist village of Batuan, Sukawati, Gianyar Regency which attracts tourists. Its existence has become a vehicle for multicultural education, strengthening the cultural traditions of the people and entrepreneurship of the Balinese people in the local village.

Farmer knowledge across the commodification spectrum: Rice, cotton, and vegetables in Telangana, India

AbstractCrop seeds are a factor of production that can be produced on farm or bought, commodified in varying ways and degrees, and that can change slowly or rapidly—all of which directly impact the crucial process of farmer “skilling.” Seed choices also offer a unique empirical window through which farmer knowledge may be studied. Although other studies have examined the differences between cash and food crops, this research provides new insights into varyingly commodified crops within the same agrarian system. When planting rice, genetically modified hybrid cotton seeds, and garden vegetables, farmers in Telangana, India, face different constraints and opportunities to learn about their seeds and practice that knowledge in the field. These differences arise from agronomic properties of the seeds themselves as well as from the sociocultural meaning that structures the context in which farmers buy, grow, and save them. This measurable discrepancy in farmer knowledge and experience presents an opportunity to examine the variable impact of seed commodification as it is experienced by the same group of farmers across several different crops. Building on theories of commodification and agricultural knowledge, we propose that the different ways in which farmer knowledge operates in these crops reflect a spectrum on which knowledge and commodification are inversely related.

Komodifikasi Bonek dalam Jejaring Konglomerasi Jawa Pos

Persebaya is one of the biggest and most successful football clubs in Indonesian football history. This football club has very loyal fans who called Bonek. This study aims to find the implications of the ownership of Persebaya by Jawa Pos by analyzing the commodification of Jawa Pos against Bonek, the Persebaya fans. This study deploys political economy of media theory, especially commodification theory. Using qualitative method, this research focuses on case studies of researc h subjects namely Jawa Pos and Bonek. The result shows the commodification relation between Jawa Pos and Bonek Persebaya. At the beginning, the growing relationship between Jawa Pos and Persebaya was the relationship between the media and the football club, but the relationship changed when Jawa Pos took over the shares of Persebaya in 2017. By taking over the shares of Persebaya, Jawa Pos becomes the legal owner of Persebaya. Since becoming an owner, Jawa Pos is more than just covering Persebaya. Jawa Pos practices commodification in the newsroom in the form of the production of various products about Persebaya and Bonek—Persebaya fans.

The Indonesian Slum Tourism: Selling the Other Side of Jakarta to the World Using Destination Marketing Activity in the Case of “Jakarta Hidden Tour”

This research is constructed based on the reality of slum tourism as a new phenomenon in the era of globalization. The locus is selected as it is related to Jakarta Hidden Tour case in Indonesia. The question posed is how to promote slum tourism in the Jakarta Hidden Tour to the international world and raison d'etre. To answer the problem formulation, the researcher uses eclectic analytical framework which are commodification theory by Karl Spracklen and destination marketing theory by Youcheng Wang and Abraham Pizam. By using qualitative method, departing from above-mentioned understanding, this paper claims that slum tourism in the case of Jakarta Hidden Tour as a form of valorization offered to the world. Whereby, the core argument is slum tourism phenomenon that arise in Indonesia is one of the dark side of Indonesia's economic development that generates inequality especially in big cities.

Rethinking Nostalgia: Commodification Theory in Terms of the Allegory versus Symbol Debate

Rethinking Nostalgia: Commodification Theory in Terms of the Allegory versus Symbol Debate

COMMODIFICATION OF CHARACTERS IN THE BALI AGUNG PERFORMING ARTS “THE LEGEND OF BALINESE GODDESSES”

Bali Tourism has developed in recent decades. Its development is marked by increasing tourist arrivals, increasing tourist accommodations, attractions, and diverse tourist attractions. The development of tourism causes more and more performing arts that are commercial and profit oriented. One of the commercial performances is the art of touristic performances titled Bali Agung - The Legend of Balinese Goddesses that is a mythological story of Jayapangus marriage with Kang Cing Wei. This research uses qualitative method. The data were collected by observation techniques, interviews, and document studies. The analysis uses commodification theory.
 The results of this study indicate that the art of Bali Agung performances is the result of commodification seen in the production, distribution, and consumption. In the production process there are modifications to three main characters, namely Jayapangus, Kang Cing Wei, and Dewi Danu from sacred to profane. In the process of the performing there are negotiable ideas between Balinese and Western artists.

Embedding Carbon Markets: Complicating Commodification of Ecosystem Services in Mexico's Forests

Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are increasingly employed to address a range of environmental issues, including biodiversity conservation, watershed protection, and climate change mitigation. PES initiatives have gained momentum since the 1990s, and market enthusiasts have promoted them as not only cost effective but generative of social and ecological co-benefits for local communities. Whereas the neoliberalization and commodification of nature has been well explored in geographic and critical scholarship, there is a dearth of theoretically informed, empirically grounded research exploring the dynamics and outcomes of the formation of “markets for nature.” Our study applies theories of commodification and embeddedness to examine these themes in comparative cases of two emergent markets for forest-based carbon offsetting initiatives in Mexico: Scolel Té in Chiapas and the Integrator of Indigenous and Campesino Communities of Oaxaca (ICICO). Although developed over similar time periods and in contiguous states, the two cases vary greatly in the degree to which carbon has been commodified and the markets embedded within the socionatural systems of the sites of production. Through detailed case studies, we demonstrate how interactions of these markets with preexisting social relations, institutions, and social and cultural values—the stuff of embeddedness—are critical for understanding the outcomes associated with markets for ecosystem services. We conclude that greater embeddedness is likely to lead to more positive local outcomes but that the embedding of forest-based carbon markets requires considerable time and extensive networks of nonmarket support and is furthermore dependent on the structure and orientation of finance and the political, institutional, and economic agrarian context of the sites of production.

Exertion of Cultures and Hegemonic Power in Banyuwangi: The Midst of Postmodern Trends

This article aims to criticize the incorporation and commodification of Using cultures undergone by Abdullah Azwar Anas in Banyuwangi, East Java. To answer the problem, we analyze primary data from our field research and secondary data from online media related to AAA’s efforts to incorporate, articulate, and commodify Using cultures into various carnival programs (2011-2017) by applying theories of commodification, postmodernism, and hegemony. The result of this study shows that, driven by his desire to promote Using cultures globally in the midst of postmodern trends, since 2011 the government of Banyuwangi has created many carnivals and festivals, such as “Banyuwangi Ethno Carnival” , “Banyuwangi Beach Jazz Festival” , “Parade Gandrung Sewu”, and other various programs. Economically, the programs are idealized to support the regional economic growth through tourism activities, both for domestic and international tourists, by displaying traditional expressions with new styles and performances. Politically, the carnivals and festivals can support AAA efforts to negotiate its political concern in order to produce consensus. Copyright (c) 2017 by KARSA. All right reserved DOI: 10.19105/karsa.v25i1.1118

Blood ties and strong ties: a two-way linkage? Some non-trivial implications of the care workers market in a Mediterranean region

ABSTRACTTaking their cue from a seeming dissonance between the theory of commodification and exploitation of migrant care workers and the case study of the outsourced self proposed by Hochschild, the author speculates whether or not the family–caregiver relationship may be equal and inclusive. The argument is unraveled by posing another question en route: what specific ‘catalysts’ can trigger ‘high-intensity affective relationships’? Elster defines 'essentially byproduct' the result of a process lacking any direct and conscious link between outcome and intention, and requiring the relaxation of the control of reason in order to be fulfilled. The author mixes significant theoretical results coming both from the relational Palo Alto School and from history of families studies, concluding that an equal and inclusive relationship may be like an Elster’s ‘essentially byproduct’ of a market relationship , when a high-intensity affective relation acts as a ‘catalyst’. The frame suggested in this article seems consistent with recent constructionist reinterpretations of the idea of kinship, which take shape and evolve through ‘everyday experiences’. Kinship thus shifts towards a more complex undefined category, that of Karsten’s relatedness. Speaking of which, the author argues some logical reasons suggesting a generalized adoption of the term only with great care and caution.