Theories Of Regional Development Research Articles

CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AMPLIFICATION

Topicality. The article explores the issue of determining the direction in which the region should develop its foreign economic relations, how to rebuild a regional economic system in order to realize their resources and opportunities for growth in the globalized international economy in the most effective way. Theoretical and conceptual foundations of the regional foreign economic relations development, analysed in this article, determine a role of commodity exports, imports of modern technologies, investment (including foreign capital), innovation, institutional environment and entrepreneurship for regional development. Among other issues addressed in this article, special attention was paid to analysis of changes in regional development paradigms.Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to study theoretical and conceptual foundations of regional development through by means of regional foreign economic relations amplification. In addition, the objectives of the current study include: highlighting changes of scientific views on paradigms of regional development in terms of areas of amplification of regional foreign economic relations, identification of the main contradictions and temporal context of the proposed theories and concepts of regional development, addition to the main trends in the theoretical and conceptual basis of regional development in recent years.Research results. The article considers a formation of theories and concepts of regional development, which provide for the intensification of regional foreign economic relations. The analysis of theoretical and conceptual bases of regional foreign economic relations amplification testifies the transformation of paradigms of regional development according to a context of times in which there were changes of scientific views on the reasons and consequences of regional growth. The article examines the evolutionary transformation of regional economic development paradigms through the following theories: spatial location theory, theory of international (interregional) trade, Keynesian theories (export base theory and input-output model), neoclassical theories of regional economic development, concepts of economic rationalism, comparative, competitive and common advantages, theories of globalization, sustainable development, regional self-help and endogenous development, a new growth theory. Based on the analysis of the regional development theoretical foundations, the article establishes that the main theories and concepts of regional foreign economic relations mostly focused on consideration of such incentives as: capital investment, technological innovation, foreign trade, agglomeration effect (economies of scale), as well as a level of institution development.Conclusion. The article states that there is no single generally accepted theory for providing scientific approaches to a complementary amplification of regional foreign economic relations. Certain theories and concepts, which form theoretical foundations for the regional foreign economic relations amplification, have relatively practical application only in specific cases. Thus, by means of an application of the postulates of the theory of international and interregional trade, the optimal structure of the external trade turnover of the region and the parameters of determining the commodity positions for import substitution are determined; neoclassical theory of spatial equilibrium serves as a theoretical basis for choosing investment attraction’ direction in prioritized regional production and infrastructure facilities; new regional growth theories (including, of endogenous regional development concept) serve as a theoretical background for choosing tools for foreign economic activity intensification in order to ensure regional development. At the same time, achieving regional growth, in the modern sense, is not possible without considering principles of sustainable development and self-sufficiency of a territory, therefore, an amplification of foreign economic relations in the region, even in a globalized world, should be based mainly on endogenous factors, while strengthening its development with an innovation and investment components from the external environment.

The Border Development in Biski Beach Tourism in Riau Province

Pasir Limau Kapas Subdistrict is located in Rokan Hilir Regency, which has interesting tourist destinations but needs to be developed. In particular, Biski Beach tourism, which is visited by many local people and those from outside the area, but in reality, it is still far from what is expected, even though the potential for natural tourism objects is very feasible. A solution is sought. This is an interesting issue to be discussed. Pasir Limau Kapas Subdistrict [Palika], Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province, is an underdeveloped, isolated, and outermost area. This position makes welfare an important and major issue. Important and main issues related to welfare include minimal and slow infrastructure development and ambiguous development policies [the average policy issued overlaps and does not support each other related to development in border areas]. Based on various important issues, this study aims first to explain how the development of the border area (Case Study: Biski Beach Tourism Object, Pasir Limau Kapas District, Rokan Hilir Regency). The research approach used is qualitative with a descriptive analysis method. Primary and secondary data were gathered through document reviews, interviews with informants chosen using the purposive sampling technique, and observations and literature reviews.After collecting the data, it was analyzed by means of the Interactive Analysis Model. The theory used in this research is the Theory of Regional Development according to Riyadi (2000). There are three indicators of the success of regional development that can be seen. The first is productivity, the second is efficiency, and the last is community participation, which can ensure the continuity of the implementation of a program in an area. Based on these indicators, it is known that the development of the border area is not optimal.

An Optimization Method of Sports Service Network Layout Based on Network Communication

Sports culture industry (CI), as a new sunrise industry, has achieved unprecedented development in the world, and many developed countries regard it as a pillar industry. In our country, the sports CI is quickly growing and contributing significantly to national economic growth. The layout mode of the sports CI is crucial in identifying regional growth advantages and resource development, as well as maximizing industrial function allocation and creating sports CI development strategy. This paper takes Dalian’s sports CI as the research object and expounds the concept of sports culture, sports CI, and spatial layout of sports CI through analyzing and sorting out previous research results. This study analyses the evolution and spatial distribution of the Dalian sports CI, as well as the current challenges, using theories and methodologies from sports science and economic geography and proposes countermeasures for Dalian to develop its sports CI. Regional development theories, such as central place theory, growth pole theory, point axis theory, and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, have important theoretical value and practical guiding significance for the rationalization of spatial distribution of Dalian sports CI. On the basis of analyzing the resources, traffic network, and economic development of Dalian sports CI, the paper constructs the spatial distribution mode of Dalian sports CI, namely, two core points, three development axes, and multiple nodes, and puts forward the measures to optimize the spatial distribution of Dalian sports CI. This paper examines the current condition, resource architecture, and major structure of supply of leisure sports service items in the Zhejiang coastline area using the literature and field inquiry methodologies. On this basis, the optimization countermeasures of combining Zhejiang coastal leisure sports service products with recreational fishery and yacht economy are put forward to perfect the system of coastal leisure sports service products and improve the supply capacity.

Аналіз теоретико-методичних підходів до визначення та подолання регіональних проблем у системі публічного управління регіонами в Україні

The topic of public administration of regions remains relevant for all countries of the world in different historical periods of society development. The effectiveness of regional policy on the basis of timely identification and solution of existing territorial problems is the basis for finding ideas and approaches to the formation and functioning of an efficient system of public management of the development of a country as a whole and its regions in particular. Features of the functioning of world countries in different time periods of their existence, such as, for example, the change of tendencies, the emergence of contradictions, the acquisition of importance of certain major ideas for the formation of areas of territorial management under different conditions of development, led to the emergence of a number of theories that in the practical field have become the basis for the development of a methodology for public management of regional development, allowing to determine the principles, priorities, directions, methods of formation and functioning, mechanisms and models of development and management, ways of using resources, and so on. Using them allows to explain and anticipate the tendencies in the development of regions, develop approaches to identifying and overcoming territorial problems, and form instruments for practical implementation. A significant number of theories of regional development proposed in the scientific circle, in accordance with the similarity of goals and directions of implementation, are united into groups. These are theories of spatial placement, neoclassical, cumulative growth, self-development and competitiveness, sustainability, etc. At the stage of the contemporary development of Ukraine, characterized by the introduction of decentralization processes into public management of territorial development, the generalization of many years of world experience (in particular, European) along with the accumulated national experience, the use of the theoretical foundations of regional management will contribute to further improvement and search for new scientific and methodological approaches to identifying the problems of the development of Ukrainian regions and ways to solve them.

Macroeconomic indicators of the level of technical and technological development

Methods. The study of the issues of social, economic and environmental development of regions and the risks of appearance of spatial depressions is based on the theoretical and methodological principles of theories of spatial and regional development, innovation, budgeting, territorial convergence and depression. General scientific research methods that were used are the method of analysis and synthesis – in the research of regional alignment policy; the method of general and special – in substantiating the specifics of the territorial structure; the method of classification – when creating a typology of risks of spatial depressions. Results. The article examines a number of methodological issues related to regional convergence, budget regulation, territorial organization, stimulating a favourable investment climate for social, economic and environmental development of regions. The debatable nature of some aspects of modern regional development policy is shown. The risks of spatial depressions are analysed, and it is substantiated that they are divided into natural and technology-based; social, economic and environmental; local, regional, national and global. Attention is paid to building the optimal model of relations between the center and the regions at the present stage of reforming the economy of Ukraine. An agent-process approach to the design of clusters of spatial social, economic and environmental development is proposed. Novelty. Based on the generalization of theoretical provisions, the issues and directions of improving the management of social, economic and environmental development, as well as the risks of spatial depressions are outlined. Practical value. Classification of risks of spatial depressions, accentuation of problems of managing social, economic and environmental development of regions will allow to form more effective policy of regional development and to provide stimulation of regional economy.

Methodological approaches to evaluating the quality of state programs of the Republic of Kazakhstan (on the example of the employment sector)

Main problem: One of the officially recognized problems of the system of state planning and regional development is imperfection of the methodology for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of the activities of state bodies. In fact, there is no assessment of economic and social efficiency and an assessment of the impact on society. In this regard, the authors have developed methodological approaches to assessing the quality (effectiveness) of state programs (on the example of the program of the Republic of Kazakhstan “Employment Roadmap – 2020”) is urgent task for theory and practice of regional development. The purpose of the research is the investigation of the methodological foundations for evaluating the quality of implementation of state programs of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of employment (based on the materials of program of the Republic of Kazakhstan “Employment Roadmap 2020”). Methods: The article uses a systematic approach to solving problems that ensures the unity of qualitative and quantitative methods: qualitative content analysis; a monographic method; the method of economic and statistical research. Results and their value: The value of the study lies in the fact that methodological approaches to the evaluation of programs in the public administration system are identified. For an economic assessment involving the calculation and analysis of unit costs per program participant, the authors propose to conduct dynamic and comparative analysis of the values of unit costs for achieving final results in directions of“DKZ-2020” program. This will allow to compare individual projects and program areas by costs in dynamics and further to identify those factors that work for their unjustified growth. The calculation of presented indicators is also important in regional context, since it allows considering those regions that significantly deviate from the national values in one direction or another.

Regional development: organizational and economic mechanism in the context of the fourth industrial revolution

Relevance of the research topic. The information and knowledge flow management is an important component for regional development in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. It allows taking advantage of the opportunities hidden in the digital transformation of the business community and providing the transformations necessary to reorient development towards inclusive and sustainable growth. Formulation of the problem. Managing the process of introducing Industry 4.0 technologies based on effective state and collective strategies opens up opportunities for regional development, but requires the development of special decision support tools, scientific substantiation of the model of systemic transformation of the region, identification of the main stakeholders and the mechanism of their interaction. Analysis of recent research and publications. The works of such researchers as Yasheva G. A. and Fateev V. S. (Belarus), Lenchuk E. B. (Russia), Götz M. and Jankowska B. (Poland), Ciffolilli A. and Muscio A. (Italy) and others are devoted to the issues of territorial and regional development in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The mechanism of small businesses involving in the process of the necessary systemic transformation in the context of the fourth industrial revolution has not been sufficiently studied. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to analyze the theories of regional development in the context of the fourth industrial revolution and to propose an organizational and economic mechanism for the digital transformation of the regional business community, including the SMEs’ sector. Method or methodology for conducting research. The research used the methods of analogies, analysis and synthesis, sociological survey. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The article analyzes the main concepts of regional development, concludes that it is necessary to consolidate regional actors according to the ‘Quadruple Helix’ model based on inter-organizational information systems in order to introduce Industry 4.0 technologies. An algorithm for the development of an electronic platform from a cluster site to an information system of integrated supply chains is proposed on the example of the Novopolotsk innovative and industrial petrochemical cluster. The field of application of results. The results of the research can be used by companies providing activity in regional development and small business support, in scientific and educational institutions, in public administration. Conclusions according to the article. Networked connections between regional actors, innovation networks based on the open innovation paradigm and integrated supply chains promote region development in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, this requires appropriate institutional conditions.

EFEITOS DOS GASTOS PÚBLICOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE UMA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA (UESB) E TRÊS MUNICÍPIOS BAIANOS (VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA, JEQUIÉ E ITAPETINGA)

This paper analyzes the effects of public educational spending at the municipal level, based empirically on expenditures carried out by the State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB) and three municipalities in Bahia (Vitoria da Conquista, Jequie and Itapetinga). This is an exploratory, qualitative study, instrumentalized through secondary data, available in databases of public institutions, based on theories of regional development and public spending. The result shows the influence of the University in the local economic system, due to the advantages arising from the agglomeration and the externalities produced (spillovers), verified through the multiplier effects of spending on personnel, costs and investments on the municipalities. There is a positive influence between the upward gradual public spending made by the University and the evolution of GDP in the municipalities surveyed, both because of the contributions to the productivity of the economic sectors and because of its driving force in attracting new businesses and endogenous promotion. new ventures.

Theoretical and Methodological Foundations of Urban Areas Spatial Development

The established experience of socio-economic development is largely based on the territory’s urbanization. Cities are becoming the main points of development. They concentrate managerial, financial and human resources, and create the prerequisites for a post-industrial shift. The remaining territories – satellite towns, rural areas – have become supporting and supplying elements of urban development. However, any urbanization process has its limits: the intensive path of city development at a certain stage begins to fail and ceases to create favorable economic and social effects. The negative consequences of such growth - from environmental to infrastructural ones - are increasing. The purpose of the article is to analyze the evolution of methodological, theoretical aspects of spatial, agglomeration development, urban agglomeration development under the influence of driving forces. Spatial development is an activity in the direction of managing the territories devopment, as an integral object of regulation, which includes the tools of public administration. Urban agglomeration is a highly developed spatial form of integrated cities. This happens when relations between cities shift from competition to competition and cooperation. There is no unity in methodological approaches in the ongoing research on agglomeration, spatial development, and competition. The current review examines the main approaches to the allocation of productive forces, the theory of regional development, spatial, agglomeration development, in an attempt to give a theoretically and practically justified definition of territorial development in the context of increased interregional competition. The formation of a methodology for studying the problems of spatial development of the national economy and the development of an effective strategy for agglomeration development in the national economy should be largely carried out in the direction of an organic combination of various theories of space research and the use of appropriate tools for their practical implementation. The definition of the methodological foundations of the territory is not only of scientific and theoretical importance. The territory in the market conditions is the subject of economic relations. The management of an integrated territory and agglomeration in the face of increased interregional competition for resources and consumers requires the definition of the organic structure of the region - the system and mechanisms of territorial management, including organization, planning, regulation and control.

The regional network capital index in Mexico from 2012 to 2016

Based-off the regional development theory developed from knowledge and innovation, Huggins & Thompson [1] have proposed the concept of Network Capital, which aims to explain the importance of knowledge flow, knowledge absorptive capacity and investments on associations between firms and Universities or Scientific Centers or other firms in order to increase regional development. This paper used empirical data from Mexico for the period 2012–2016 to propose an alternative to the calculation of Network Capital at State level as an alternative to the Huggins and Thompson proposal. The data used cover all the 32 Mexican States about innovation activities. On this paper is shown the deep differences between Mexican States about the knowledge qualities, the absorptive capacity of knowledge and the investments on strategic associations, it that might be typical at non-innovation Nations. Although the proposal on this paper cannot be directly compared to that of Huggins and Thompson, both shows evidence that, the greater network capital, the greater the potential development based on knowledge.

Spatiotemporal characteristics and determinants of internal migrant population distribution in China from the perspective of urban agglomerations.

Urban agglomerations are fundamental regional units of development and attract large-scale migrant population. Previous studies have only focused on migrant population distribution in major urban agglomerations. Therefore, this study analysed the spatiotemporal characteristics of migrant population distribution in China during 2000–2010 at city level from the perspective of urban agglomerations. The results indicate that urban agglomerations were accumulation areas of migrant population. Numerous people have migrated into 19 urban agglomerations, which has enlarged regional differences in migrant population distribution. The interprovincial migrant population dominated within urban agglomerations, whereas the intraprovincial migrant population dominated outside urban agglomerations. In the future, intraprovincial migration will become the dominant migration mode. The evolution of migrant population distribution pattern in urban agglomerations agrees with classic theories of unbalanced regional development. The determinants of migration in different regions were compared. Results revealed that economic and government driving forces jointly influenced migration; however, economic forces exceeded government forces. Economic forces were more influential within urban agglomerations, whereas government forces played more important roles outside urban agglomerations. Increased income and job opportunities were the core attractions of urban agglomerations. Moreover, with an increase in the urban agglomeration development level, the influence of economic forces increased, whereas that of government forces decreased. The findings provide a deeper understanding of migrant population distribution in China, which will benefit population management across various regions.

Regiono ekonominio augimo vertinimo metodologinės problemos

The importance of regional economic growth is emphasized in many countries and their regional policy documents. This issue is emphasized also by many researchers. D. Genaro and E. Melchor (2010) state that by the time of A. Smith, economists started to focus on a problem of economic growth. According to the authors, in recent years, economists have moved from economic interest in the operating cycle analysis to the medium and long-term revenue growth influencing factors analysis. This analysis is very important because as stated by L. Ayala and A. Jurado (2011), many countries or regions economic growth reduces poverty indicators; inequalities reduction is encouraging by policy measures. Despite ongoing national regional policy programs or the Structural Funds of the European Union or the Structural Funds, significant regional differences still exists. There must be emphasized the fact that in theories of regional development a lot of attention are paid on focus what conditions are favorable for creating economic growth in the region. There are focused on modernization of the economical sectors and international business development. The new models of regional development theories visible bring together economic, management and other modern concepts of social integration.

FORMATION OF CONCEPTUAL FUNDAMENTALS OF MECHANISMS OF PUBLIC GOVERNANCE OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION

The system analysis of functioning of conceptual principles of improvement of mechanisms of public administration by sustainable development of regions under the conditions of globalization is made. The principles of development and functioning of a complex mechanism of public administration at the regional level, which characterizes the level of ability of the public administration system not only operate in circumstances of social transformation, but also introduce innovative forms and methods of activity at the level of administrative-territorial units, are summarized on this base. Based on the methodology of the theory of regional development it is possible to: 1) find out trends of regions development; 2) develop models and mechanisms for regional development; 3) predict the results of implementation of sectoral and local reforms; 4) produce algorithms of implementation of systemic reforms based on the foreign experience and principles of “Good governance”. The paper suggests conceptual approaches to the regional development strategies approval and implementation. It is established that a state as a bearer of national interests and constitutional guarantees should ensure continuity in the creation and constant improvement of conceptual foundations, institutional mechanisms for implementation of regional policy, implementation of specific local projects and programs. The dichotomous relationship of processes of regionalization, globalization and decentralization is proved. The conceptual-categorical apparatus of public administration as a science, in particular in clarifying the content of the concepts “mechanisms of public administration by sustainable development of the regions”, “public administration of regional development”, “sustainable development of the regions”, is designed taking into account the European experience of rationalization of the regional policy. There is the controversy of the contemporary transformational trend in the field of regional administration, caused by the institutional change of the system of regional management, contradiction of constitutional norms and provisions of the drafts in the field of regional management, undeveloped functional regional mechanisms. The paper points out the feasibility of MPA SDR study not only in the system of social, economic and environmental processes, but also from the standpoint of efficiency of the public administration and humanization principles of civilized development to ensure the human rights of the third generation. The author proposes to move to the innovation paradigm of public administration in the process of MPA SDR forming. It is proved that public administration involves the operation of the universal organizational and legal mechanism of detection, coordination and realization of the needs and interests of the subjects of regional management based on the use of special tools and forms of the territorial development. It is found out that the defining role in the processes of sustainable development of the regions belongs to the policy of decentralization of national states that try to overcome the socio-economic and political disproportion in social development joining the processes of regionalization and globalization. Conceptual foundations of MPA SDR in the system of public administration are determined through the interconnection of public needs and functional purpose of activity of state and local self-government authorities. It is proved that to make effective management of the regions in the country the regulatory impact of regional management on the basis of the functioning of MPA SDR, which combines the interests of the state and local governments, non-governmental organizations, should increase. Optimization of management of territories’ development, improvement of interaction in the system “centre – region”, establishment of inter-regional cooperation between border regions and territories are defined as an important aspect of regional development. The theoretical and methodological factors of MPA SDR forming: the political-legal aspect; institutional aspect; public administrative aspect, are distinguished. The reasons are given that according to the phenomenon of Europeanization of public administration the conceptual framework of the regional administration reforming in Ukraine should be developed on the base of the European norms and standards of the territorial administration.

Assessing the resilience of the belt and road countries and its spatial heterogeneity: A comprehensive approach.

Regional resilience refers to the resilience of a country or region against the ecological environment, social economy, and other internal and external natural factors and human factors in the process of development. When this resilience is lower than a certain critical threshold, the country or region will be in a fragile state. The comprehensive embodiment of ecological resilience, social resilience, and economic resilience of a country or region is regional resilience. Due to the wide range of countries along “the Belt and Road”, differences in natural background conditions and stages of economic and social development among different countries lead to different degrees of vulnerability, and the improvement of resilience is conducive to reducing vulnerability. At the same time, the research on the measurement and differentiation characteristics of regional resilience is of considerable significance to solve the weak foundation of environmental management and the lack of ability to deal with climate change of “the Belt and Road” countries. In this study, by using entropy weighting method and multi-index comprehensive evaluation method, 24 specific indicators are selected from three different dimensions: ecology, economy, and society, to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system about “the Belt and Road” countries resilience, and to evaluate the comprehensive resilience and spatial heterogeneity characteristics of China and 64 countries along “the Belt and Road”, and use multiple linear regression analysis to identify the main influencing factors of comprehensive resilience and analyze its influencing mechanism. According to the research, the overall resilience level of “the Belt and Road” countries shows prominent differentiation characteristics of “extreme difference”, the countries with low and low recovery status account for the vast majority; and the spatial differentiation characteristics of the levels of ecological resilience, economic resilience, and social resilience of countries along “the Belt and Road” are quite different. In countries with high levels of economic development, their comprehensive resilience is significantly higher than that of countries with low levels of economic development. There is no inevitable connection between a country’s economic growth rate and its comprehensive resilience level. At the same time, the relationship between resource richness and comprehensive resilience of countries is not apparent, but for those countries that are over-dependent on resources, the level of resilience is generally below. There is a certain degree of correspondence between urbanization rate and comprehensive resilience, that is, the comprehensive resilience will increase with the increase of urbanization rate. When the urbanization rate rises to a certain level, the level of comprehensive resilience does not change much. In this study, it provides scientific guidance for enriching regional resilience and national sustainable development theory, solving the fragile ecological environment foundation of “the Belt and Road” countries, speeding up the transformation of economic growth mode and dealing with a series of social problems.

Merging macroeconomic and territorial determinants of regional growth: the MASST4 model

While prior econometric forecasting models focus on either macroeconomic or territorial aspects as drivers of regional growth, the fourth version of the MAcroeconomic, Sectoral, Social, Territorial (MASST4) model merges these two conceptual approaches to regional growth. Mechanisms of territorial complexity governing regional development theories, like agglomeration economies, or structural changes in innovation modes, are included into a formal model so that they simultaneously activate regional growth and mediate macroeconomic growth impacts. Moreover, a longer time series than in previous versions of the MASST model now allows to take account of the structural changes taking place in EU economies as a consequence of the recent crisis. The model now also models the effects of the decrease in EU integration stemming from populistic waves in politics taking place in EU countries. The paper also presents an application of the MASST model to a reference scenario.

Atuação do BNDES e disparidades regionais: evidências da indústria de transformação entre 2000-2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a dinâmica territorial de desembolso do BNDES sobre a indústria de transformação, a partir dos padrões setoriais de concorrência, regiões e unidades federativas, no período de 2000 a 2018 no Brasil. A abordagem fundamenta-se no arcabouço teórico do desenvolvimento regional e faz o uso do método analítico, descritivo e estatístico, das taxas de crescimento e índices de desigualdade de Theil (interestadual, inter-regional e intra-regional). Os resultados sugerem que a participação dos desembolsos nos grupos setoriais difusoras do progresso técnico/bens duráveis supera a parcela de indústrias de commodities e tradicionais em parte relevante dos últimos 18 anos. Ademais, nota-se que o BNDES alcançou uma distribuição regional mais equilibrada dos desembolsos entre o período de 2010-2015 influenciado, sobretudo, via o Programa de Sustentação do Investimento e fortalecimento da atuação no território. Contudo, a partir de 2015 a forte retração dos desembolsos refletiu veemente na ampliação das disparidades regionais.

The image of a city in selected theories of regional development

Motivation: The image of the city is its non-physical resource which, if properly used, can become a factor in its development, attracting both capital and human resources of the city (e.g. tourists, investors, residents). According to the author, the municipality should create a model of the city’s development, which will define its desired state — the image which they will aim, stimulating its growth and development. In the construction of this model, and therefore the strategy of creating image of the city, it is advisable to identify the factors that determine this development. On the basis of economics, the theories of regional development deal with the identification and assessment of development factors. Aim: Image as a non-physical and internal resource of the city, is part of the scope of endogenous theories. The aim of the article is to review and evaluate these in terms of consideration the image of the city. Results: Theories of regional development are not mutually exclusive, each theory introduces other development factors to the analysis, not excluding the most often assumptions and factors exposed in other theories. The assessment of the city’s development potential (which results from the region’s development) should not come from the adopted theory of regional development, but on the basis of known theories the factors creating cities image should be identify to improve his development.

The Biodiesel Economic Indicators in Northern Brazil Based on Tocantins State

This article aimed to perform a regional analysis of biofuel through the biodiesel production capacity in Tocantins in 2008 and 2017. The guiding question of this research was: what is the importance of the biodiesel sector in Brazil and Tocantins, in relation to the sectors of services, industry and storage services in terms of production capacity. The hypothesis is that, in relation to production capacity, the Tocantins biodiesel sector has lost its potential compared to other economic sectors in the state. Taking as theoretical assumption the theories of regional development. Data were collected from the website of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the National Petroleum Agency (ANP). The results show that biodiesel in 2008 had potential for Tocantins economy, but not in the same proportionality in 2017.

Ever‐transient FDI and ever‐polarizing regional development: Revisiting conventional theories of regional development in the context of China, Southeast and South Asia

AbstractIn this new age of globalization, regions attempt to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) in order to achieve regionally balanced development. We revisit existing theories of regional development and FDI by analyzing recent data sets on FDI, employment, and trade in China, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. Using Chinese provincial data in 2004, 2008, and 2013 and applying panel estimations, our econometric results demonstrate that FDI remarkably influenced the concentration of employment in manufacturing, financial, and business services industries within the three Chinese macro‐regions. We also find that FDI is ever transient, always moving away from high‐cost to low‐cost production bases across different regions. This transient nature of FDI is spatially selective and biased, and not able to generate the trickle‐down effects to other neighboring regions. That is why FDI recently moved from China to Southeast and South Asia rather than from its coastal to inland regions. Furthermore, we show that this nature of FDI generally leads to polarization development for regions. As a synthesis or extension of the existing theories, we propose a leapfrog polarization pattern and strategy for vast developing countries in considering their regional development strategies.

ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ТЕОРІЙ ДОБРОБУТУ У ПОСТУЛАТАХ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ШКІЛ ТА КОНЦЕПЦІЙ

The article presents the evolution of wellbeing theories in the postulates of economic schools and concepts. It has been established that the first period of development of economic wellbeing theories was marked by polarized tendencies of market or state domination, which led to the consideration of social wellbeing by economists-theorists in the macroeconomic aspect. It has also been found out that forming the foundation of future scientific research their representatives laid the foundations for methodological understanding and development of many economic theories. The second direction of development of wellbeing theories is based on the imperatives of economic growth (location theories, neoclassical theories, theories of cumulative growth, institutional theories and new theories of regional development). It has been found that the rethinking of approaches to local and regional development at the present stage is associated with the actualization of the theory of endogenous development and the concept of local economic development (place-based theory). It has been found out that along with theories of well-being based on the economic concept, theories that determine the social status of people from the standpoint of their high standard of living and human development are widespread in international research. The third direction of wellbeing theories, related to the search for measures of human development that go beyond GDP, is now formed from an alternative flow of scientific thought in the established scientific direction. The end of the last century was marked by a significant interest in social indicators, outlined in various doctrinal forms: social progress, human development, quality of life, wellbeing in a new sense, as well as increasing attention to the individual and their original organizational groups (family, households, communities), and the definition of their weight in the relationship «state-market». Common expression of these concepts is a person whose view transformed from a purely materialist understanding of their wellbeing to a broader point of view – a person who professes values and is in collective interaction. The present study of the evolution of wellbeing theory indicates the need for the formation and implementation of public policy in the direction of intensifying local development and provision of high quality public services based on the principle of subsidiarity. Keywords: wellbeing, state, market, territorial community, economic growth, local economic development, human development, quality of life, subjective well-being