Abstract
Regional resilience refers to the resilience of a country or region against the ecological environment, social economy, and other internal and external natural factors and human factors in the process of development. When this resilience is lower than a certain critical threshold, the country or region will be in a fragile state. The comprehensive embodiment of ecological resilience, social resilience, and economic resilience of a country or region is regional resilience. Due to the wide range of countries along “the Belt and Road”, differences in natural background conditions and stages of economic and social development among different countries lead to different degrees of vulnerability, and the improvement of resilience is conducive to reducing vulnerability. At the same time, the research on the measurement and differentiation characteristics of regional resilience is of considerable significance to solve the weak foundation of environmental management and the lack of ability to deal with climate change of “the Belt and Road” countries. In this study, by using entropy weighting method and multi-index comprehensive evaluation method, 24 specific indicators are selected from three different dimensions: ecology, economy, and society, to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system about “the Belt and Road” countries resilience, and to evaluate the comprehensive resilience and spatial heterogeneity characteristics of China and 64 countries along “the Belt and Road”, and use multiple linear regression analysis to identify the main influencing factors of comprehensive resilience and analyze its influencing mechanism. According to the research, the overall resilience level of “the Belt and Road” countries shows prominent differentiation characteristics of “extreme difference”, the countries with low and low recovery status account for the vast majority; and the spatial differentiation characteristics of the levels of ecological resilience, economic resilience, and social resilience of countries along “the Belt and Road” are quite different. In countries with high levels of economic development, their comprehensive resilience is significantly higher than that of countries with low levels of economic development. There is no inevitable connection between a country’s economic growth rate and its comprehensive resilience level. At the same time, the relationship between resource richness and comprehensive resilience of countries is not apparent, but for those countries that are over-dependent on resources, the level of resilience is generally below. There is a certain degree of correspondence between urbanization rate and comprehensive resilience, that is, the comprehensive resilience will increase with the increase of urbanization rate. When the urbanization rate rises to a certain level, the level of comprehensive resilience does not change much. In this study, it provides scientific guidance for enriching regional resilience and national sustainable development theory, solving the fragile ecological environment foundation of “the Belt and Road” countries, speeding up the transformation of economic growth mode and dealing with a series of social problems.
Highlights
With the continuous advancement of the process of globalization, while the economy and society of countries around the world are becoming more and more prosperous, they are faced with uncertainties and the interference of various crises and challenges
In the formula: CRc represents the index of ecological resilience, economic resilience, and social resilience, CR represents the index of comprehensive resilience, wi represents the weight of the index, n represents the number of indicators contained in the criterion layer, ri represents the quantitative index value of the index, m represents the number of criterion layers, and wj represents the weight of the elements of the criterion layer
The comprehensive resilience, ecological resilience, economic resilience, and social resilience of “the Belt and Road” countries were measured by using a multi-index comprehensive evaluation method
Summary
With the continuous advancement of the process of globalization, while the economy and society of countries around the world are becoming more and more prosperous, they are faced with uncertainties and the interference of various crises and challenges. The current research is mainly to deal with the impact of the financial crisis, extreme weather, natural disasters and other factors on urban areas, the index is relatively single, ignoring the relationship between social, economic and ecological subsystems, and lack of research on comprehensive regional resilience [24,25,26]. The “the Belt and Road” initiative has promoted the rapid development of countries along the route, the interference from natural and human factors such as climate change, political instability, terrorist attacks, financial crisis and unbalanced development among countries is still very significant, and there are certain differences in the crises and challenges faced by these countries. This study can improve the comprehensive resilience of “the Belt and Road” countries and provide decision-making for realizing mutual benefit and win-win situation of these countries and building a community with a shared future for humankind
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