Modernization Theory Research Articles

Evidence from 43 countries that disease leaves cultures unchanged in the short-term

Did cultures change shortly after, and in response to, the COVID-19 outbreak? If so, then in what way? We study these questions for a set of macro-cultural dimensions: collectivism/individualism, duty/joy, traditionalism/autonomy, and pro-fertility/individual-choice norms. We also study specific perceptions and norms like perceived threats to society (e.g. immigration) and hygiene norms. We draw on Evolutionary Modernization Theory, Parasite Stress Theory, and the Behavioural Immune System, and existing evidence, to make an overarching prediction: the COVID-19 pandemic should increase collectivism, duty, traditionalism, conformity (i.e. pro-fertility), and outgroup prejudice. We derive specific hypotheses from this prediction and use survey data from 29,761 respondents, in 55 cities and 43 countries, collected before (April–December 2019) and recently after the emergence of COVID-19 (March–July 2020) to test them. We exploit variation in disease intensity across regions to test potential mechanisms behind any changes. The macro-cultural dimensions remained stable. In contrast, specific perceptions and norms related to the pandemic changed: norms of hygiene substantially increased as did perceived threats related to disease. Taken together, our findings imply that macro-cultural dimensions are primarily stable while specific perceptions and norms, particularly those related to the pandemic, can change rapidly. Our findings provide new evidence for theories of cultural change and have implications for policy, public health, daily life, and future trajectories of our societies.

Nigeria and the culture of recycling old leaders, its effect on her economic advancement and nation building in the 21<sup>st</sup> Century; A critical examination

Recycling old leaders in Nigeria politics has been a problem to the Nigeria people in recent time as the country has the habit of recycling old leaders who are between 87 years and 90 years who has nothing good again to offer the country, while the youths are there without any hope. This paper explores Nigeria political system and the culture of recycling old leaders, and its effects on her economic advancement/development and Nation building in the 21st Century. The theory used to analyze the paper was Modernization Theory, while the methodology for data collection was secondary sources like; books, newspapers, journal articles, and internet source materials, among others. The research findings on the subject matter implicated ethnic politics, sit tight syndrome and greed, among others. These manifested in economic backwardness/stagnation, relegating citizens’ backward, disunity, killing of initiatives and discouragement of ideas on nation building and economic advancement, as well as ethnic politics, encourages corruption and nepotism. Based on the findings, the paper suggests constitution review, age limit for the political office seeker, power rotation, youth active participation in politics by joining a political party, overhauling the system and condition of service for every political office seeker.

International financial institutions and the development of Nigeria

The study investigated the existing relationship between International Financial Institutions concerning the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, African Development Bank, and the development of Nigeria. The historical design was used to organize and analyze secondary data derived from books, articles, official journals of international financial institutions, government/official documents and internet sources related to the problem of the study. The study adopted the Modernization theory of development as its theoretical framework in explaining Nigeria's development from the perspective of her affiliation with the international financial institutions (Bretton Woods Institutions and African Development Bank)'s loan policies and initiatives and their implications for Nigeria's development. The findings revealed that the policies and initiatives of the Bretton Woods Institutions and African Development Bank influenced the Nigeria development project, which has resulted in the constant granting of loans to Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the Nigerian government should quickly look inward at other internally generated revenues from custom duties, sales of crude oil, sales of refined crude (Petro), maritime and other agricultural products' revenues and re-channel them towards Nigeria's development instead of wholly depending on loans and otherwise set up independent, as well as strong institutions to oversee and manage funds from foreign loans to avoid mismanagement and diversification that may lead Nigeria into more foreign debts thereby further retarding development in Nigeria.

Perspective(s) of R. Inglehart’s Theory of Evolutionary Modernization: Analysis of Change in Religiosity in Ukraine during the War

The study analyzes two waves of panel data collected before and during Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine. The first wave of the survey was conducted in February 2022 using the European Social Survey questionnaire F2F, and the second wave was conducted using a shortened 47-question questionnaire by telephone in the autumn of the same year. The main focus of the article is on Ronald Inglehart’s theory of evolutionary modernization, which links the changing importance of religion in society to changes in the level of security of the environment. This theory is applied to the study of changes in religiosity in Ukraine during the war. The data analysis showed that the experience of war contributed to a significant increase in self-assessment of religiosity among the panelists (N = 595). The data analysis did not confirm the existence of a linear relationship between the increase in religiosity and the degree of proximity of the respondents’ region of residence (ordinal variable) to the combat zone. When analysing the relationship between place of residence and changes in religiosity by macro-region, no significant differences were found among the panelists from the Eastern macro-region. At the same time, the study found a statistically significant relationship between the growth of religiosity and indicators of in-group solidarity. It was found that the change in the importance of the democratic system is positively correlated with the change in religiosity and is not related to the change in authoritarian values.

Green Procurement and Service Delivery of County Governments in Western Region, Kenya

The framers of the Public Procurement Law envisaged to streamline how public procurement should be conducted in order to realize value for money in public procuring entities. The primary objective of the research thus was to determine the effect of green procurement on service delivery of County Governments in Western Region, Kenya. The study adopted a positivist research approach and was informed by ecological modernization theory. The study was conducted in Western Region, Kenya in the Counties of Kakamega, Busia, Vihiga, and Bungoma. The study's target population of 228 officials was broken down into chief officers, directors, finance officers, and procurement officers. The study selected 174 participants as its sample. Primary data was gathered through interview schedules and a questionnaire. A pilot study was carried out to test for validity and reliability. The data analysis made use of both descriptive and inferential statistics. SPSS version 26 was used to analyse quantitative data while qualitative data was analysed thematically alongside study objectives. Green procurement was found to be a significant predictor of service delivery in County Governments. Specifically the study's findings showed that Green Procurement explains 23% of variation in service delivery of County Governments in western Kenya Region. Green Procurement had unstandardized regression value of 0.368. This suggested that County Governments in the Western Region, Kenya will boost the delivery of services by 36.8% for each additional unit in green procurement. The study came to the conclusion that there is need for the County Governments to ensure legislation, enforcement and adherence to environmental laws and policies.

Conceptions of time, socioeconomic development and cultural values

PurposeThis article analyzes the relationships between different conceptions of time, socioeconomic development and cultural values.Design/methodology/approachWe focus on three major aspects of time, namely, 1) duration, 2) orientation and 3) tempo. Furthermore, we draw on modernization theory to distinguish between agrarian/traditional and industrial/modern societies and their respective cultural values.FindingsAnalyses indicate that agrarian/traditional societies with cultural values such as collectivism, survival, religiosity and hierarchical structures are marked by subjective/cyclical/inaccurate, past-oriented and slow-paced conceptions of time. In contrast, industrial/modern societies with cultural values such as individualism, self-expression, secularism and egalitarianism are marked by objective/linear/accurate, future-oriented and accelerated conceptions of time.Originality/valueThis paper introduces an original conceptualization of the three dimensions of time – duration, orientation and tempo – previously overlooked in the literature. Additionally, it provides an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the relationships between time, culture and socioeconomic development.

Challenges and Opportunities of Environmental Sustainability and Social Justice in the Face of Climate Change and Ecological Crisis in Japan

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate challenges and opportunities of environmental sustainability and social justice in the face of climate change and ecological crisis in Japan
 Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: Japan faces challenges in environmental sustainability and social justice due to its reliance on fossil fuels and an aging population. Transitioning to renewables and addressing healthcare for the elderly are critical. However, Japan's technological prowess presents opportunities for cleaner energy solutions. The country's strong sense of community can aid social justice efforts during climate-related disasters, promising a more sustainable and equitable future.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Environmental justice theory, ecological modernization theory & political ecology theory may be used to anchor future studies on challenges and opportunities of environmental sustainability and social justice in the face of climate change and ecological crisis in Japan. Policymakers and practitioners should adopt integrated strategies that consider both environmental sustainability and social justice in climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts. Governments and international organizations should incorporate environmental justice principles into climate policies, ensuring that marginalized communities have equitable access to environmental benefits and are protected from environmental harms.

Socioeconomic Advantage or Community Attachment? A Register‐Based Study on the Difference in National Lutheran Church Affiliation Between Finnish and Swedish Speakers in Finland

AbstractSecularization theory has been challenged by research showing religious persistence and upswing in contexts across the world. In Europe, particularly in highly secular and historically religiously homogeneous Nordic settings, there has been little research, and representative data for minority groups are rare. We offer a pioneering study using national register data to study religious changes over the past five decades in Finland, where the two native ethnolinguistic groups—Finnish and Swedish speakers—offer a unique study context. We use register data with yearly information on every individual's religious affiliation to compare the two groups, exploring the mechanisms behind any differentials. Swedish speakers are found to be consistently more affiliated with the National Lutheran Church than Finnish speakers. This finding contradicts the expectation of modernization theory because the Swedish‐speaking population is, in some aspects, socioeconomically advantaged in Finnish society. The higher affiliation level of Swedish speakers can be partly explained by lower levels of internal migration, which is possibly driven by stronger community attachment. Our results suggest that community cohesion may help preserve the religious tradition of a minority group, even in the absence of socioeconomic disadvantages or threats from the majority.

An Americas story: hemispheric perspectives on postwar urban renewal

ABSTRACT It is commonly assumed that urban renewal in the United States following World War II was a home-grown solution applied to cities suffering from the departure of residents, retail, and capital investment as a result of suburbanization led by the White middle class. This essay argues that influences from abroad, particularly from Latin America, were also crucial to how urban renewal evolved over time from the late 1940s into the 1970s. Simultaneously, U.S.-American strategies of urban planning helped shape Latin American cities. The essay focuses on a prominent urban redeveloper of the era, Edward J. Logue, and the circle of like-minded planners with whom he interacted over his long career. As a result of their involvements in the developing world, similar modernist planning schemes and architectural structures appeared on both sides of the U.S. border, until pushback from communities during the 1960s challenged the lack of attention to local cultures and materials and to community participation in planning. Attacks on modernization theory, not least by the dependency theory popularized by Latin Americans, undermined the hegemony of universalistic modernist schemes for a time, until neoliberalism facilitated a resurgence of less regulated and restrained private interests.

Dynamic nonlinear CO2 emission effects of urbanization routes in the eight most populous countries.

A dynamic STIRPAT model used in the current study is based on panel data from the eight most populous countries from 1975 to 2020, revealing the nonlinear effects of urbanization routes (percentage of total urbanization, percentage of small cities and percentage of large cities) on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Using "Dynamic Display Unrelated Regression (DSUR)" and "Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS)" regressions, the outcomes reflect that percentage of total urbanization and percentage of small cities have an incremental influence on carbon dioxide emissions. However, square percentage of small cities and square percentage of total urbanization have significant adverse effects on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The positive relationship between the percentage of small cities, percentage of total urbanization and CO2 emissions and the negative relationship between the square percentage of small cities, square percentage of total urbanization and CO2 emissions legitimize the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis. The impact of the percentage of large cities on carbon dioxide emissions is significantly negative, while the impact of the square percentage of large cities on carbon dioxide emissions is significantly positive, validating a U-shaped EKC hypothesis. The incremental effect of percentage of small cities and percentage of total urbanization on long-term environmental degradation can provide support for ecological modernization theory. Energy intensity, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), industrial growth and transport infrastructure stimulate long-term CO2 emissions. Country-level findings from the AMG estimator support a U-shaped link between the percentage of small cities and CO2 emissions for each country in the entire panel except the United States. In addition, the Dumitrescu and Hulin causality tests yield a two-way causality between emission of carbon dioxide and squared percentage of total urbanization, between the percentage of the large cities and emission of carbon dioxide, and between energy intensity and emission of carbon dioxide. This study proposes renewable energy options and green city-friendly technologies to improve the environmental quality of urban areas.

“Something Was Going to Change”

The subject of the article is a critical presentation of aspects of the Democratic Transition period (Metapolitefsi) in Greece through interviews and e-mails exchanged by subscribers to the mailing list of the magazine Disability Now, collected from April to July 2000. At the heart of these dialogues lies the discourse about the lifting of accessibility barriers for disabled people in Greece during the 1990s. Through the use of contemporary political theories on populism, the author explains that the discourse on accessibility barriers becomes “a place of political opportunity.” The participants develop a kind of populist discourse inspired by the ideology of the political theory of Modernization, as well as by the possibilities and disadvantages of Greece within the politico- economic framework of the EU. These elements imbue the meaning of the disabled self with a dual content: They connect and unite disabled individuals by producing the expression of an emancipatory discourse which, however and at the same time, is maintained through traces of an ablenationalistic rhetoric, activated by notions of Greekness and Europeanness.

Pasa Ateh Traders' Strategies for Increasing Sales Amidst the Rise of Online Shops

This research discusses the strategies of market traders in increasing sales amidst the rise of online shops. The aim of this research is to explain the obstacles faced by PasaAteh traders amidst the proliferation of online shops as well as the strategies of PasaAteh traders in increasing their sales amidst the current proliferation of online shops. The research method used is qualitative research. Data collected through field observations, interviews and documentation. The theory used is Modernization Theory by Walt Rostow. The findings of this research are that market traders experience obstacles in increasing their business amidst the current rise of online shops. Online shops have had an impact on sales in the market. Technological advances have brought major changes in the marketing realm which has resulted in people preferring to shop online with all the convenience it offers, thus making market traders face obstacles in the form of intense competition, lack of promotion and marketing, changes in consumer habits, limited product availability and product variations. Therefore, market traders must maintain their business and create strategies by updating business models, loyalty and discount programs, improving customer service and increasing products and product variations.

Ecosystem Services and Urban Planning

Purpose: The main objective of the study was to explore ecosystem services and urban planning.
 Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
 Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to ecosystem services and urban planning. Preliminary empirical review emphasized the need for sustainable urban planning practices that integrate ecological considerations, prioritize green infrastructure and biodiversity conservation, and address disparities in access to ecosystem services. Urban planners and policymakers are key actors in ensuring the well-being of urban populations and the environment, making informed decisions about land use, transportation, and sustainability practices crucial. These findings have implications for environmental advocacy groups and policymakers, as they underscore the importance of advocating for eco-friendly urban development to protect and enhance critical ecosystem services, ultimately creating more resilient and equitable cities that benefit both people and the environment.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Urban Political Ecology Theory (UPE), Ecological Modernization Theory and Resilience theory may be used to anchor future studies on ecosystem services. The study provided recommendations to enhance urban planning practices. It suggests integrating ecosystem services into planning processes, emphasizing the importance of green infrastructure and biodiversity conservation within cities, and promoting community engagement and collaboration among stakeholders. These recommendations aim to create more resilient and sustainable urban environments that prioritize the well-being of residents while safeguarding and enhancing the valuable ecosystem services urban areas provide.

South Korean Historiography on Civil Service Examination, Max Weber, and the Cold War Transpacific Invention of Confucian Modernity

Abstract: This article first offers a postcolonial critique on Japanese colonial historiography and post-1945 South Korean historiography on Confucian tradition of Korea that they both have shared a very essentialized understanding on Confucian tradition of Korea as unique nature of Korean society based on the same overarching evolutionary modernization narrative in spite of their contradictingly different definition of it as either premodern backwardness or Confucian modernity. In order to go beyond these still dominant essentialized bipolar views on Confucian tradition of Korea, based on a transnational perspective, this paper seeks to show how post-1945 South Korean historiography has redefined Confucian tradition of Korea. Then, to do so, this paper tries to historicize post-1945 South Korean historiography's appropriation of Max Weber's bureaucracy and modernization theories from U.S. academia of social science and East Asian studies for its studies of Koryŏ-Chosŏn civil service examination and social status system. Then, this paper goes further to look at how post-1945 South Korean historiography on late Koryŏ and early Chosŏn history has struggled from 1945 to early 2000 to redefine and reinvent Confucian tradition of Korea such as Koryŏ-Chosŏn civil service examination as the unique origin of its own meritocratic modernity that is as close as "Western Modernity," based on this appropriation of Max Weber's bureaucracy and modernization theories. Then, this paper finally turns to rethink the meaning of this appropriation within the broader context of Cold War and South Korean postcoloniality.

The Genealogy of Confucian Modernity and the Reconstruction of Confucian Traditions in Post-Liberation Korea

Abstract: This article aims to trace the genealogy of Confucian modernity after Korea's liberation from Japanese rule and analyze how the historical context in which Confucian traditions were reconstructed. It seeks to analyze the process through which the disparate concepts of modernity and Confucianism were combined, moving beyond the perspective of denigration and development of Confucian traditions found in existing studies and approaching it from the perspective of postcolonial studies and traditions as invented practices. From the post-liberation period to the early 1960s, two arguments competed: one viewed Confucianism as having ruined the country, while the other claimed that it had sprouted modern times. While the former view still persisted, Confucianism was being used for political purposes, and scholars including Ch'ŏn Kwanu made efforts to find the sprout of modernism from Confucianism. The turning point came with the fervor of "modernization" that swept the country and the world in the 1960s. Influenced by domestic and foreign modernization theories, including Rostow's modernization theory, which began in the United States, the Park Chung Hee regime embraced the "modernization of the motherland" as its slogan. At the academic level, this trend was reinforced by the United States' support for Korean studies. In this process, discussions linking traditional Confucianism with modernization became more sophisticated in the intellectual community. By the late 1960s, these discussions went beyond explaining the connection between Confucianism and modernity through the concept of sprouting and reached a level of directly mentioning their connection. In the 1970s, this trend intensified further, leading to the conclusion that sirhak (practical learning) in Confucianism had pioneered its own modernization theory before the adoption of Western modernity. Through these analyses, this study aims to delineate the genealogy of discussions about Confucianism, such as that it is the cause of underdevelopment represented by stagnation or that it is the basis of East Asian modernity. Ultimately, by analyzing the contexts in which Confucian traditions are reconceptualized, this study aims to critically reconstruct the notions of tradition, nationalism, and modernity.

The transformation of the institute of bais in the conditions of modernization processes of the 19th – early 20th centuries

The article is devoted to the study of the social and institutional history of the prosperous estate of a nomadic society – the Kazakh bais. The main content of the topic of this study is the history of the bais estate as a social community – its condition, social behavior, place and role in the system of social relations, sources of material well-being, social alliances and conflicts, social preconditions and consequences of political, cultural and economic transformations. Integration of the Kazakh economy into the system of the all-Russian economy in the second half of the 19th century caused changes in the social stratification of the traditional nomadic society. The category of wealthy individuals – bais had begun to play an increasing role in its structure. The article is aimed at studying the traditional authoritу – bais, its transformation in the conditions of change of socio-economic and political life in the Kazakh territory under the influence of strengthening of colonial policy and penetration of elements of the market economy in the 19th – early 20th centuries. The methodological basis of the article is the theory of modernization and frontier modernization. Being part of the Russian Empire, Kazakhstan in the 19th – early 20th centuries actually was a frontier zone. As a result of the study, it was revealed that bais, actively involved in the sphere of commodity-money relations, used intensive forms of livestock breeding. By increasing the number of livestock, bais formed initial capital, which contributed to the development of entrepreneurship and trade. This, in turn, intensified charitable activities.

Operations management of cooperatives’ information and communications technology in Nueva Vizcaya

This study evaluated the impact of information and communications technology (ICT) on the operations management of cooperatives in Nueva Vizcaya. By evaluating the respondents’ profiles and cooperatives’ profiles, and their relationship to ICT infrastructure and ICT access, the researcher would recommend ICT strategies to improve the operations of the cooperatives. The concept of the study was drawn from the modernization theory, and ICT access in terms of skills, literacy, and attitude toward technology. This study used a descriptive design to determine the respondents’ profiles and the cooperatives’ profile. In addition, the descriptive design was also used to determine the level of ICT access of the cooperative personnel and the extent of ICT infrastructure of the cooperatives. Moreover, this study used the correlational research design to determine the significant relationship between the profile of the personnel and the level of ICT access, the profile of the cooperative, and the extent of ICT infrastructure of the cooperatives. To assess the relationships between variables, two correlation coefficients were employed: Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The study revealed that cooperatives had a “moderate” extent of utilization of ICT infrastructure. Utilization was higher in systems configuration and Internet connectivity compared to organization and management and information technology strategy, while cooperative personnel had the necessary technology skills and literacy to effectively utilize ICT tools and applications in their work. Also, cooperative personnel demonstrated a great extent of positive attitudes toward ICT utilization.

Модернизация китайского типа: эволюция концепции

The concept of “Chinese-style modernization” formulated in the end of the 1970s has been at the center of attention of the Chinese leadership and researchers since the beginning of this decade. The notion of primacy of national characteristics was transformed from a former reference to China’s weakness and backwardness to current focus on development success. Explanations of plans for China’s “basic socialist modernization” by 2035 formed the channel of influence of official policy on the academic discussions. The article analyzes contemporary Chinese comparisons of Chinese and Western paths of modernization along with theoretical reflections on the patterns of “Chinese-style modernization”. The determination to make China’s experience a reference point for policy decisions in developing countries is connected with studies in modernization theory. The question of the correlation between the general patterns of modernization and the specifics of the Chinese path of development has come to the fore. The emphasis on the differences between Chinese-style modernization and Western and Soviet models substantiates the theoretical possibility of a new development perspective for other countries, and encourages them to develop independent modernization strategies based on their own national specifics. Chinese researchers consider attempts by backward countries to copy the advanced institutions of developed nations as useless and even dangerous. China’s modernization is not complete, in the field of economic development there are mounting difficulties related to lagging behind in science and technology, deteriorating external environment, slowing growth, ageing population. While examining Chinese studies of Chinese-style modernization, it is appropriate to focus on the development of academic concepts, quantitative evaluation system and discursive system. Explorations in theory will be determined by practical achievements, first of all, by China’s ability to maintain sustainable balanced growth of the economy. The preliminary outcome can be assessed in the middle of the next decade, when China plans to build the foundations of modernization. The final judgement on the effectiveness of Chinese-style modernization will be made only after the results of China’s plans to become a world leader are known in the middle of this century.

The Russian Imperial Acculturation Policy Targeting “Foreigners” and the Participation of the Russian Orthodox Church in It at the Turn of the 19th — 20th Centuries (Based on the Materials of the Orenburg Diocese)

The article is aimed at solving a following significant problem of modern historical science: determination of the content and use by the imperial authorities of the Church as a mechanism for implementing this policy. The authors analyze the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church as part of the state system of the Russian Empire, which undertook the task of not only spreading Christianity among non-Russian and non-Orthodox peoples, but also the task of involving them in the all-Russian cultural, civil, economic and political space. Based on the analysis of materials on the Orenburg diocese history, we suppose an attempt to reconstruct the mechanisms of economic and social development of the “foreigners” population of the Southern Urals, used by the Russian Orthodox Church with the support of the state. The methodological basis of the study is the modernization theory, which examines “acculturation” as a methodology of research into the interaction and mutual influence of “foreign cultures”. At present, historiography lacks special works that consider the Russian Orthodox Church as a necessary institution contributing to the acculturation of the subjects of the empire living on its outskirts. The main result of this study is the identification of the nature of the Russian Orthodox Church's activities targeting “foreigners” and their involvement in Russian cultural space. These activities include traditional missionary mechanisms on the example of the Orenburg Diocese, which at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries included the Turgai and Ural regions with a significant number of nomadic and semi-nomadic auls. We generalized acculturation as Missions, established the degree of their effectiveness in terms of the formation of loyal layers of the autochthonous population of the Kyrgyz (Kazakh) Steppe.

РАЗВИТИЕ УРАЛЬСКОГО ОПТИКО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКОГО ЗАВОДА ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ 1940-х — СЕРЕДИНЕ 1960-х гг.

The article is devoted to the development of the Ural Optical-Mechanical Plant (UOMZ) in the conditions of transition to late industrial modernization. The relevance of the problem under consideration is due to the presence of some analogies between the patterns of the period of transition to late industrial modernization in the USSR and the current trends of the formation of a post-industrial society. The characteristic features of the socio-economic development in the period under study were the science intensity of production, the creation of new materials, military-technical progress, and the development of the space industry. The authors proceeded from the principles of modernization theory. Research methods of high priority were historical-comparative, narrative, causal, problem-chronological. After the war, Plant No. 217 (since 1964 — Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant) produced optical devices for the military-industrial complex, the space industry, aviation, and construction. Some of the enterprise’s products were exported. The plant reached the level of the fourth technological order on the basis of conveyor mechanized and automated production. In the second half of the 1940s — middle 1960s, the plant, as part of the scientific and industrial cluster of the region, mastered new technologies: the manufacture of glassintensive devices and optoelectronic devices of the laser rangefinder family, new methods of glass casting. UOMZ developed cooperation with scientific and educational institutions of the industry, design bureaus, the USSR Academy of Sciences, design and technological institutions.