Mean Theory Research Articles

In pursuit of causality in leadership training research: A review and pragmatic recommendations

Although research shows a reliable association between leadership training and positive organizational outcomes, a range of research design issues mean we do not know to what degree the former causes the later. Accordingly, the paper has two main aims. First, to describe the conditions necessary to determine causality in leadership training research and the ability of different research designs to achieve this. Six important, but often ignored, issues associated with determining causality are described (control conditions, sample representation, condition randomization, condition independence, temporal design, and author involvement). Second, to review the extent to which the leadership training literature is able to demonstrate causality. The review shows that the majority of studies do not meet many of the criteria, even the most basic criteria, required to establish causality. Finally, we provide guidelines for designing future research to improve causal identification and is capable of generating meaningful theory and policy recommendations.

برنامج إرشادی مقترح قائم على نظریة المعنى من منظور تربوی إسلامی لعلاج خواء المعنى لدى عینة من الأیتام بمنطقة مکة المکرمة A suggested counseling program based on the theory of meaningfulness from an Islamic educational perspective to treat the emptiness among a sample of orphans in Makkah Region.

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على مظاهر خواء المعنى لدى فئة الأيتام، وإعداد برنامج إرشادي مقترح قائم على المفاهيم الفکرية التربوية الإسلامية ذات العلاقة بنظرية المعنى. استخدم الباحث المنهج المزجي من خلال التصميم المزجي المتوازي؛ والذي يتم خلاله جمع البيانات بطريقة کمية ونوعية، من خلال توزيع الاستبيان على عينة الدراسة وإجراء المقابلة مع عينة قصدية منهم. وقد تکونت عينة الدراسة من جميع أفراد مجتمع البحث وهم 30 مشرفا على الأيتام المنتسبين لإحدى الجمعيات القائمة على شؤون الأيتام بإحدى محافظات منطقة مکة المکرمة. وقد أظهرت نتائج البحث وجود توافق بين النتائج الکمية والنوعية والمتمثلة في وجود أربع مظاهر لخواء المعنى (اللامعنى، اللاهدف، اليأس، الملل) لدى فئة الأيتام من وجهة نظر مشرفيهم بنسب متقاربة، بالإضافة إلى ضعف المفاهيم الدينية المرتبطة بمعنى الحياة، والذي يعد من جملة العوامل المسببة لخواء المعنى. وبناء على نتائج الدراسة تم تصميم البرنامج الإرشادي المقترح لعلاج خواء المعنى. The study aimed to identify the manifestations of concept of meaninglessness among orphans, and to prepare a proposed counseling program based on intellectual Islamic educational concepts related to the theory of meaningfulness for the treatment of emptiness. The researcher used the mixed method design; through the parallel design approach, in which data are collected in a quantitative and qualitative manner through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The study sample consisted of all members of the research population which were 30 supervisors of orphans affiliated with one of the orphan affairs associations based in one of the governorates of Makkah Al-Mukarramah region. The results of the research showed that there is compatibility between the quantitative and qualitative results, which is represented in the presence of four aspects of meaninglessness )Meaninglessness, aimlessness, Despair, Boredom) among orphans from the point of view of their supervisors in close proportions in addition to the lack of their understanding of the religious concept related to life which is one of the cause for the emptiness. Based on the results of the study, the proposed indicative program was designed to treat the emptiness.

Scientific achievements in the field of research of innovative economic forms of entrepreneurship

The purpose of the article is to analyze the scientific achievements in the field of research of innovative economic forms of entrepreneurship. Methodology. Various methods were used in the study, in particular: generalization, comparison, systematic, etc. Results. In the paper the scientific achievements in the field of research of innovative economic forms of entrepreneurship is analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of some scientific works in this field are studied. The significance of theoretical achievements for innovative economic activity is described. Practical meaning. The author analyzes the work of scientists on this topic, in particular, they consider the development of entrepreneurship in the context of its impact on the restructuring of the economy, increasing its efficiency. Considering entrepreneurship as the ability and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business for profit, modern researchers as factors of its development primarily consider those that allow: to organize business more efficiently, create a more marketable product, minimize business risks, maximize profits as the result of economic activity of the entrepreneur. The author notes that we can say that innovations are considered in the modern scientific community as one of the most important factors in the development of the enterprise, which clearly demonstrates the practical potential of this study. Prospects for further research. Given the results of the analysis of previous research, it should be emphasized that there is some difficulty in using existing theoretical developments on the effective implementation of innovative economic forms of entrepreneurship, due to the fact that the competitive environment in innovative entrepreneurship depends on various factors. management decisions. Despite the presence of a large number of meaningful theories and works on innovation management, there is no systematic study that would combine existing paradigms based on a single management methodology for effective implementation of innovative economic forms of entrepreneurship, taking into account the specifics of a particular country (Ukraine). on the feasibility of further developments in this area.

The Concession that Dooms Originalism: A Response to Professor Lawrence Solum

This essay responds to a recent article by Professor Lawrence Solum in the Northwestern University Law Review which describes alleged differences between Originalism and Living Constitutionalism. I argue that even under Solum's own criteria, and his specific discussion of and critique of my work, there is no meaningful difference between Originalism and Living Constitutionalism, and this merger is important for current political and legal debates about the proper role for the Supreme Court in our system of government. The original promise of Originalism was that only by combining strong judicial deference with the search for original intent or meaning could judges be meaningfully constrained when resolving many of our country’s most difficult social, political, and legal issues. As more and more Originalists drop the deference aspect of the theory, however, and tell judges to apply the original meaning of the constitutional text differently as relevant facts (and values) change, then judicial discretion will be maximized. Whereas most Living Constitutionalists concede judges inevitably have that discretion, Originalists today still often claim that only their theory can limit the power of runaway federal judges. That claim, however, is simply false given the wide swath of discretion judges have under current originalist theory to pick and choose which facts are relevant and which ones have changed since the text at issue was originally ratified. The only meaningful theory of constitutional interpretation that can in practice privilege the Constitution's original meaning is one which includes strong judicial deference to other government officials.

Displacing Place, Unstating Feminism (or: One Migrant Settler’s Quest for a Standing Place)

ABSTRACTPlace forms the material grounds of our personal-political becomings, and feminist theory after Adrienne Rich and Audre Lorde demonstrates how understanding our respective locatedness forms a critical step towards meaningful theory and praxis. Such politics and ethics of place are cultivated in the feminist environmental humanities to encompass desires for ecological justice, putting human ethical relationships with the non-human world squarely into feminism’s scope. This article arises from the observation that place-work taking Indigenous and white settler relationships to place seriously could be enriched by more substantively involving many other settler experiences. Here, I enflesh this gap: I explore personal narratives of middle-class South Asian migrant settlerhood, using the paradoxical place-with-placelessness this experience entails to further vitalise understandings of place and feminism in the environmental humanities. In doing so, I propose that ‘feminism’ and ‘place’, as categories of understanding, need not be static, stable or singular to orient our identities, passions, or politics – that even when connections to these categories are unstable and tenuous, that very displacement and its excess can be grounding.

Inaction as a Legal Fact in Civil Law (on the Example of the Republic of Belarus)

Unlike other legal sciences, the science of civil law did not produce any meaningful theory of inaction as a legal fact. The purpose of this article is to fill in this blank space. As a result of research, the author exposes certain features of the legal fact of inaction in the branch of civil law and draws conclusions regarding it – as a special type of act, in a number of cases having signs of action.

Understanding how and why de-implementation works in health and care: research protocol for a realist synthesis of evidence

BackgroundStrategies to improve the effectiveness and quality of health and care have predominantly emphasised the implementation of new research and evidence into service organisation and delivery. A parallel, but less understood issue is how clinicians and service leaders stop existing practices and interventions that are no longer evidence based, where new evidence supersedes old evidence, or interventions are replaced with those that are more cost effective. The aim of this evidence synthesis is to produce meaningful programme theory and practical guidance for policy makers, managers and clinicians to understand how and why de-implementation processes and procedures can work.Methods and analysisThe synthesis will examine the attributes or characteristics that constitute the concept of de-implementation. The research team will then draw on the principles of realist inquiry to provide an explanatory account of how, in what context and for whom to explain the successful processes and impacts of de-implementation. The review will be conducted in four phases over 18 months. Phase 1: develop a framework to map the preliminary programme theories through an initial scoping of the literature and consultation with key stakeholders. Phase 2: systematic searches of the evidence to develop the theories identified in phase 1. Phase 3: validation and refinement of programme theories through stakeholder interviews. Phase 4: formulating actionable recommendations for managers, commissioners and service leaders about what works through different approaches to de-implementation.DiscussionThis evidence synthesis will address gaps in knowledge about de-implementation across health and care services and ensure that guidance about strategies and approaches accounts for contextual factors, which may be operating at different organisational and decision-making levels. Through the development of the programme theory, which explains what works, how and under which circumstances, findings from the evidence synthesis will support managers and service leaders to make measured decisions about de-implementation.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42017081030

Reflective Journal as a Self-Directed and Sustainable Professional Development Tool for Pre-Service Teachers: A Case Study in English Language Education Study Program

Teaching practice is one among many programs in teachers training which focuses on having a professional preparation for work. In this program, student-teachers are asked to improve their skills through teaching actual students and engaging with school environment. Moreover, they are also building their own knowledge based on the improved teaching and learning process. It is crucial for them as pre-service teachers to encounter such experience. This meaningful theory and experience-based insights are possible to obtain if the student-teachers possess the commitment of self-reflection. There is likely a big chance that this action will be perpetual because of this personal initiative. This study aims to analyze the use of reflective journal as pre-service teachers’ professional development tool, their attitude towards reflective journal, as well as the strength and challenges arise related to the use of reflective journal during their teaching practice. The type of the research is a qualitative case study research. The data collection techniques being used are questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Moreover, the technique of analyzing the data was Miles and Huberman concept of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this research will be presented in a descriptive-narrative manner by describing and discussing the data of the research.

The Problems With Theory and New Challenges in Theorizing

The Academy of Management Perspectives is unique within the community of management journals in that it focuses on critically making sense of existing theory and evidence, rather than on ab initio contributions to theory or summaries of existing states of the literature. This mission reflects a particularly pressing challenge to our field of research. While empirical management journals have steadily increased the analytical sophistication and quality of the data in the research they publish, the same cannot be said for contributions to theory. In this paper, we explore some of the common weaknesses in the way some theories are deployed, and consider the questions emanating from building and using theory. We recognize that there is a vast literature on the problems of theorizing ([ 1]; [28]; [48]). We also acknowledge the many excellent publications on writing theory (e.g., [ 2]; [ 9]). Hence, our purpose is not so much to revisit these themes but to motivate a conversation that will lead to more meaningful theory and, ultimately, have an impact on practice. Kurt Lewin observed long ago that there is nothing so practical as a good theory ([30]). We proceed by providing some evidence for the routine misapplication of theory. We then illustrate what we mean by contrasting the applications of institutional theory, agency theory, and the resource-based view and some of the confusion we see that the application of these theories has created. Finally, we suggest some solutions for this problem and the questions that scholars might ask themselves before deploying a theory.

KAJIAN MAKNA, NILAI DAN BENTUK LAGU TAWAR SEDENGE SEBAGAI LAGU SELINGAN DALAM UPACARA NASIONAL DI SMP NEGERI 1 TAKENGON KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH

Assessment Form, Meaning, Value song TawarSedenge As song interlude in National Ceremony in junior high school 1 CentralAceh district. Essay. Sendratasik majors. Music Education Program. Faculty ofLanguage and Art. Medan State University in 2015. This study discusses themeaning, value and form Tawar Sedenge song as the song interlude at a nationalceremony. The research was conducted in order Gayo society, especially theyounger generation can understand the meaning, value (meaning is the intentionof the song lyric bargaining sedenge, while the value is to assess the meaning of ameaning) and the form of songs bargaining sedenge as anthem Gayo people whoalways sung on the great days, especially at the national ceremony in SMP Negeri1 Takengon, Central Aceh district. The theory used in this research is the theoryof meaning that examines denotative and connotative meaning, value theory,which examines the theory of form sentences, phrases and motifs, which are veryuseful in the study. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitativemethod. Research location in SMP Negeri 1 Takengon, Central Aceh district. Thesample was a song that is sung sedenge bargaining as the song interlude in anational ceremony. The technique of collecting data through observation,interviews, documentation, and laboratory work. The data analysis techniqueused is descriptive qualitative analysis method that is accompanied by thepresentation of data and drawing conclusions. According to the research done, itcan be in the know that the meaning of the song bargaining sedenge based on themeaning of denotation and connotation contains a message to the communityGayo so grateful, and welfare of the land so that people Gayo Gayo rise andvictorious from the downturn. The value contained in the song bargainingsedenge adalan value can increase the sense of nationalism is love of thehomeland, which are vital values (education) and the spiritual (religious, beauty,culture) that have been arranged in a hierarchy. Tawar Sedenge song form thatAABBAABB, consisting of 2 forms or themes that form a sentence and thesentence B.

Student Freedom in the Classroom

The article's purpose is to develop a meaningful theory of freedom and relate it to educational policy and practice. First, the concept of freedom is analyzed; then some salient views of student freedom (progressivism, libertarianism, and essentialism) are evaluated; and finally, a resolution is undertaken of the problems raised by developing a position that relates freedom and authority more effectively than the previous positions reviewed.

On the effect of renormalization group improvement on the cosmological power spectrum

Asymptotically safe quantum gravity predicts running gravitational and cosmological constants, while it remains a meaningful quantum field theory because of the existence of a finite number of non-Gaussian ultraviolet fixed points. We have investigated the effect of such running couplings on the cosmological perturbations. We have obtained the improved Mukhanov–Sassaki equation and solved it for two models. The effect of such running of the coupling constants on the cosmological power spectrum is also studied.

Swinburne's apologetic strategy for theism evaluated

AbstractIn this article, I classify Richard Swinburne's apologetic strategy for theism, and raise eight structural problems with regard to his Bayesian approach. For example, is theism really a meaningful theory? Does it have any predictive power? If so, isn't theism a degenerating research programme? Furthermore, is it legitimate to immunize theism against empirical refutations? Is Swinburne's tactic of doing so successful?

Toeplitz Operators in the Herglotz Space

We define and study Toeplitz operators in the space of Herglotz solutions of the Helmholtz equation in . Since the most traditional definition of Toeplitz operators via Bergman-type projection is not available here, we use the approach based upon the reproducing kernel nature of the Herglotz space and sesquilinear forms, which results in a meaningful theory. For two important patterns of sesquilinear forms we discuss a number of properties, including the uniqueness of determining the symbols from the operator, the finite rank property, the conditions for boundedness and compactness, spectral properties, certain algebraic relations.

Open system trajectories specify fluctuating work but not heat.

Based on the explicit knowledge of a Hamiltonian of mean force, the classical statistical mechanics and equilibrium thermodynamics of open systems in contact with a thermal environment at arbitrary interaction strength can be formulated. Yet, even though the Hamiltonian of mean force uniquely determines the equilibrium phase space probability density of a strongly coupled open system, the knowledge of this probability density alone is insufficient to determine the Hamiltonian of mean force, needed in constructing the underlying statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. We demonstrate that under the assumption that the Hamiltonian of mean force is known, an extension of thermodynamic structures from the level of averaged quantities to fluctuating objects (i.e., a stochastic thermodynamics) is possible. However, such a construction undesirably also involves a vast ambiguity. This situation is rooted in the eminent lack of a physical guiding principle allowing us to distinguish a physically meaningful theory out of a multitude of other equally conceivable ones.

Empirical Study of S&P BSE 100 Index on the Role of Dividend and Earnings Announcements: A Signalling Effect

Background/Objectives: E-Commerce industry is going through a plethora of issues today that includes logistics challenges, rural penetration and many others. This paper addresses these issues. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Literature review has been identified as the strategy that summarizes existing research and helps collate various bodies of knowledge into a meaningful theory. This theory has been embedded together to form the theoretical model. Also expert opinion has been used to come up with recommendations. Findings: The expert opinion has been instrumental to come up with the solutions. The solutions based on the lines of TQM are imperative to address the issues faced by the E-Commerce in rural markets. The paper talks about how these findings will help in generalizing the solution for the E-Commerce industry. Applications/Improvements: This paper will be especially useful to online marketers, E-Commerce companies and logistics outsourcing firms operating in rural markets.

Theory Of Social Representations: Educational Possibilities In The Development Of Active Methodologies For Significant Learning

Background: The National Curriculum Guidelines reinforce the need for training of professionals with critical and reflective skills in addition to acquiring technical skills. Those criteria directly and indirectly relate to the desired professional profile, either in graduation scenarios or in postgraduate courses. The adoption of active methodologies in classrooms contributes to the training of health professionals able to provide clinical and epidemiological responses adequate to health-disease processes. In this perspective, this study aims to reflect, from reports, on the use of the theory of social representations as a pedagogical possibility in the development of active methodologies, and to build a meaningful learning. Methods and Findings: This is an analytical study, with a qualitative approach, developed based on the statements of the experiences lived by students of the postgraduate program in nursing at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. It discusses the relationship between the use of active methods of teaching and learning, meaningful learning and theory of social representations, created by Serge Moscovici. The assumptions and techniques that justify the concept and the research in the field of social representations were concurrently assimilated as the study object and as a methodological theoretical strategy, promoting the construction of teaching and learning processes based on educational practices and on the meaning shared by the subjects of the experienced reality. Conclusions: The use of active methodologies was extremely favorable to the interaction, comprehension and production of knowledge of the involved subjects regarding the contribution to the study of social representations.

Graphical Models of Psychosocial Factors in Chronic Somatic Diseases

In this paper we describe a graph, tree and forest model of psychosocial factors dependencies of chronically ill patients, called graphical models. Foundation of the study was the theory of meaningfulness of suffering by V. E. Frankl. 181 patients with either arterial hypertension or neoplasms with bad prognosis were examined thrice: 0-10 days from the time of diagnosis (stage I), about 5 weeks from the diagnosis (stage II) and at a follow-up about 5 months since stage II (stage III). 75 factors were available for consideration: 17 in stage I, 28 in stage II, 27 in stage III and 4 sets of data that describe populations: age, gender, education, number of stages executed. For both diseases graphs and trees are built under assumption that factors are vertices and significant correlations are edges, leading to model of dependencies between factors. Usefulness of this approach to analysis of difference between diseases is discussed.

Challenging The Tritope Model of T cell Receptor Structure–Function Relationships with Classical Data on ‘Super’ and ‘Allo‐MHC’ Antigens

The response of the immune system to allo-MHC-encoded antigens and Mls 'superantigens' has been experimentally analysed in detail, but the data have not been coupled to a theoretical framework. It should therefore be instructive to see how well the newly proposed Tritope Model of TCR structure-function relationships deals with the signalling interactions between the TCR and the above antigens. We will pay heed to William Bateson's admonition, 'treasure the exceptions', by showing how a meaningful theory interrogates the data with the same validity that the data interrogate the theory. The concordances, as well as the contradictions, with the Tritope Model are a test of its heuristic value.

Finite-state machine control of mechatronic systems

This paper describes the design of control concepts and algorithms for complex processes that are characterized more by the occurrence of discrete events than by differential equations representing the laws of physics. Such design is intended for process description in a symbolic, rather than numeric form. The goal is to combine concepts from both computer science and control, in order to develop a meaningful theory for controlling power electronics, process controllers, embedded systems and motion drive systems. Such design improves the firmware quality in a short development time. A designer would have only to specify the actions, events and transitions in terms of simple functions and tables. Generally, such design is highly structured and efficient, programming tasks are readily comprehended and fault diagnostics are easily included into the program structure. An application to the automatic sliding door illustrates the feasibility of this approach. The paper presents the modular finite-state machine, event–condition–action system, motion generation, motion control with load estimation and an example of a digital signal processor system. The limitations and attributes of each technique are discussed, and a state table format is presented with the capability of representing parallel asynchronous sequential processes.