Theory Of Conversion Research Articles

Corporate Governance, Financial Management Practices, Macroeconomic Variables and Performance of Agricultural Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

Performance of listed agricultural firms at the Nairobi Securities Exchange contrasted since introduction of corporate governance framework in Kenya in the year 2002. This study examined the relationships among corporate governance, financial management practices, macroeconomic variables and performance of listed agricultural firms.The specific objectives were to determine the effect of corporate governance on performance of listed agricultural firms; to establish the intervening effect of financial management practices on the association between corporate governance and performance of listed agricultural firms; to find effect of moderation of macroeconomic variables on the relationship between corporate governance and performance of listed agricultural firms and to establish effect of joint relationship among corporate governance, financial management practices and macroeconomic variables on performance of listed agricultural firms. The study used agency theory, stakeholder theory, resource dependency theory and cash conversion theory. The study used a census approach and a target population of seven listed agricultural firms for a period of 2002-2016. Longitudinal descriptive research design was employed and data was collected from published annual firms’ reports and economic reports. Descriptive, inferential and panel regression analyses were performed. The study established that the relationship between corporate governance and Tobin’s Q is significant while the relationship between corporate and Returns on Assets to be insignificant. Occupational expertise, board age, and board tools had significant relationship with Returns on Assets, while board tenure and board meetings had significant relationship with Tobin’s Q. The intervening effect of financial management practices on the relationship between corporate governance and performance of listed agricultural firms was insignificant. The moderating of macroeconomic variables on the relationship between corporate governance and performance of listed agricultural firms was significant. The joint effect of corporate governance, financial management practices, and macroeconomic variables on performance of listed agricultural firms was significant. The study recommended that directors of listed agricultural firms to enhance corporate governance and financial management practices to achieve higher performance of listed agricultural firms. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Financial Management Practices, Macroeconomic Variables, Firm Performance, Listed Agricultural Firms in Kenya. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/13-2-02 Publication date: January 31 st 2022

Research on Neural Network Post-Translation Editing——Take Goggle Translation of To Live as an Example

From the perspective of category conversion theory, this paper studies the post-translation editing of neural network translation by taking the English version of To Live translated by Google as an example. The study found that Goggle can basically complete the language category conversion, but it applies the word-to-word translation method to most of the non-linguistic category conversion, making the translation confusing. Therefore, in post-editing, the translator should consider the cultural background of the target language and select the category prototype in line with the cognition of the target readers; in the process of vacancy category conversion, the translator should select the translation methods such as the conversion of similar categories to improve the reading experience of the target readers.

Conversational Implicature in the Qur’anic text – A deliberative study of the verses of family discourse –: الاستلزام الحواريّ في النَّصّ القرآنيّ – دراسة تداوليَّة في آيات الخطاب الأُسريّ –

This research aims to examine the verses of family discourse in the Qur’anic text in a deliberative manner in accordance with the conversational implicature theory, which considers that any dialogue between two parties includes an explicit meaning, and an implicit meaning that is understood from the context. The concept of conversational implicature was explained in this study. In addition, the study investigated the conversational implicature included in the verses of family discourse among family members and among the spouses themselves. The research concluded that the rhetorical methods contained in the family discourse verses in the Qur’anic text carry implicit meanings that are understood within the context in which they are mentioned.

الاستلزام الحواري في شعر مجنون ليلى – مقاربة تداولية

الاستلزام الحواري في شعر مجنون ليلى – مقاربة تداولية هناء عابدين عبد الله قسم البلاغة والنقد ، بقسم اللغة العربية ، بکلية الآداب بسوهاج ،جامعة سوهاج، مصر. البريد الالکتروني: hanaa_abdalah@art.sohag.edu.eg ملخص يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة وتحليل شعر مجنون ليلى ومقاربته تداوليا عن طريق تطبيق قواعد نظرية الاستلزام الحواري لــ «(بول جرايس (H.P.Grice – 1913- 1988م» على قصائد مختارة من الديوان، فقد استخدم الشاعر الحوار في شعره بقصد التواصل بينه وبين ومحبوبته ليلى، وأصدقائه، وعذاله، ولائميه، مما يعني أن هناک إمکانية لتطبيق قواعد مبدأ التعاون لنظرية الاستلزام الحواري عليه، وهي: (قاعدة الکم – قاعدة الکيف- قاعدة المناسبة – قاعدة الطريقة). وقد اتخذت الدراسة من التداولية منهجا في تحليل شعر قيس بن الملوح بغرض الکشف عن الطريقة التي خالف بها الشاعر کل قاعدة من هذه القواعد الأربع للتعبير عن مقصده. وبناء عليه فقد جاءت الدراسة في مقدمة، وتمهيد، وأربعة مباحث تضمنت: قاعدة الکم، قاعدة الکيف، قاعدة المناسبة، قاعدة الطريقة، وخاتمة أثبت فيها نتائج البحث، وکان من أهمها: أن الشاعر لم يستخدم الاستلزام النموذجي أو المعمم الذي يتطابق فيه معنى الخطاب مع قصد المرسل، إذ لم تسعفه المعاني الحرفية في التعبير عن مکنون فؤاده؛ فخرج إلى المعاني الضمنية المستلزمة والتي خرق فيها قواعد مبدأ التعاون الأربع (الکم - الکيف - الملاءمة - الطريقة) مؤثرا للاستلزام الحواري الذي يعتمد على سياق التلفظ لإفهام القصد وتأويله. الکلمات المفتاحية: التداولية، الاستلزام الحواري، قاعدة الکم ، قاعدة الکيف، قاعدة المناسبة ، قاعدة الطريقة ، مجنون ليلى. Conversational Implicatures in the Poetry of Majnun Layla [Selected poems] A Pragmatic Study Hanaa Abdeen Abdallah Department of Rhetoric and Criticism , Department of Arabic Language , Faculty of Arts, Sohag University, Sohg, Egypt. Email: hanaa_abdalah@art.sohag.edu.eg Abstract The present study aims to study and analyze the poetry of Majnun Layla- Selected poems-and approach it pragmatically by applying the maxims of the conversational implicatures theory of (H.P.Grice - 1913:1988) to selected poems from the diwan. The poet uses dialogue in his poetry with the intention of communicating between him and his beloved Laila, his friends, his critics, and his blamers. This means that it is possible to apply the maxims of the Co-operative Principle to the theory of the Conversational implicatures, including: (Maxim of Quantity, Maxim of Quality, Maxim of Manner, Maxim of Relation). Through this, the poetry of Qais bin Al-Malouh is analyzed to see how the poet violates these four maxims to achieve the Conversational implicatures. The study consists of a preface, an introduction, and four sections that include: Maxim of Quantity, Maxim of Quality, Maxim of Manner, Maxim of Relation, and a conclusion. Among the most important conclusions of the study is that the poet does not use the typical Conversational implicatures or the generalized one in which the meaning of the speech matches the intent of the sender, as the literal meanings do not help him to express the secrets of his heart. So, he employs implicit meanings in which the poet violates the four maxims of the Co-operative Principle (quantity - quality - Manner - Relation). The poet prefers the Conversational implicatures that depend on the context of situation to clarify the intent and its interpretation. Keywords: Pragmatics, Conversational implicatures, Maxim of Quantity, Maxim of Quality, Maxim of Manner, Maxim of Relation, Majnun Layla.

Enriching Chatter Bots With Semantic Conversation Control

Businesses deploy chatter bots to engage in text-based conversations with customers that are intended resolve their issues. However, these chatter bots are only effective in exchanges consisting of question-answer pairs, where the context may switch with every pair. I am designing a semantic architecture that enables chatter bots to hold short conversations, where context is maintained throughout the exchange. I leverage specific ideas from conversation theory, speech acts theory, and knowledge representation. My architecture models a conversation as a stochastic process that flows through a set of states. The main contribution of this work is that it analyses and models the semantics of conversations as entities, instead of lower level grammatical and linguistics forms. I evaluate the performance of the architecture in accordance with Grice’s cooperative maxims, which form the central idea in the theory of pragmatics.

The Aversion Function of the Limbic Dopaminergic Neurons and Their Roles in Functional Neurological Disorders.

The Freudian theory of conversion suggested that the major symptoms of functional neurological disorders (FNDs) are due to internal conflicts at motivation, especially at the sex drive or libido. FND patients might behave properly at rewarding situations, but they do not know how to behave at aversive situations. Sex drive is the major source of dopamine (DA) release in the limbic area; however, the neural mechanism involved in FND is not clear. Dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons have been shown to play a key role in processing motivation-related information. Recently, DAergic neurons are found to be involved in reward-related prediction error, as well as the prediction of aversive information. Therefore, it is suggested that DA might change the rewarding reactions to aversive reactions at internal conflicts of FND. So DAergic neurons in the limbic areas might induce two major motivational functions: reward and aversion at internal conflicts. This article reviewed the recent advances on studies about DAergic neurons involved in aversive stimulus processing at internal conflicts and summarizes several neural pathways, including four limbic system brain regions, which are involved in the processing of aversion. Then the article discussed the vital function of these neural circuits in addictive behavior, depression treatment, and FNDs. In all, this review provided a prospect for future research on the aversion function of limbic system DA neurons and the therapy of FNDs.

Sharing is caring: Knowledge sharing at the city of Johannesburg Library and Information Services

Background: The strength of an organisation lies in its ability to manage its human capital. Ideally, organisations that wish to remain service-oriented in this Fourth Industrial Revolution need to comprehend the importance of tacit knowledge and ensure its retention and sharing at all levels. Many organisations fail to capitalise on the value within their tacit knowledge reserves until when employees leave their jobs. Quite often, the importance of the lost knowledge will be felt when a new employee takes over.Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine how tacit knowledge is shared at the city of Johannesburg Library and Information Services.Method: This qualitative study employed the knowledge conversion theory to examine the management of tacit knowledge at the City of Johannesburg Library and Information Services. A case study design was used, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis.Results: The key findings revealed that the City of Johannesburg Library and Information Services does not have an effective strategy to manage tacit knowledge and does not utilise available knowledge management resources. Furthermore, knowledge sharing is very minimal.Conclusion: The study concludes that the City of Johannesburg Library and Information Services does not manage the tacit knowledge that is at their disposal, and knowledge sharing is also not encouraged. The study recommends that an effective community of practice for knowledge sharing and a policy for knowledge sharing should be established at the City of Johannesburg Library and Information Services.

Adaptive methodology. Topic, theory, method and data in ongoing conversation

ABSTRACT This paper explores the concept of adaptive research design, in which topic, theoretical framing, method, and data are in principle open to adaptation during the research process. The main premise is that adaptations in one element of the research process can trigger changes in other elements. Both positive and negative reasons for adaptivity are discussed along with various valid reasons for limiting adaptivity in particular cases. Grasping the different couplings between concepts, theories and methods is useful to discern the possibilities and limits of adaptive methodology in situ. To deepen the understanding of the adaptive capacity of methodology, we broaden the discussion to look at the embedding of methodology in academia and its disciplines. In our perspective, methods appear as devices structuring thinking and observation and are well used and placed if they enhance and enable the continuation of observation and reflection and if they allow the researcher to remain open for alternative observations and interpretations.

Theories of Conversation for Conversational IR

Conversational information retrieval is a relatively new and fast-developing research area, but conversation itself has been well studied for decades. Researchers have analysed linguistic phenomena such as structure and semantics but also paralinguistic features such as tone, body language, and even the physiological states of interlocutors. We tend to treat computers as social agents—especially if they have some humanlike features in their design—and so work from human-to-human conversation is highly relevant to how we think about the design of human-to-computer applications. In this article, we summarise some salient past work, focusing on social norms; structures; and affect, prosody, and style. We examine social communication theories briefly as a review to see what we have learned about how humans interact with each other and how that might pertain to agents and robots. We also discuss some implications for research and design of conversational IR systems.

Meta-Information in Conversational Search

The exchange of meta-information has always formed part of information behavior. In this article, we show that this rule also extends to conversational search. Information about the user’s information need, their preferences, and the quality of search results are only some of the most salient examples of meta-information that are exchanged as a matter of course in a search conversation. To understand the importance of meta-information for conversational search, we revisit its definition and survey how meta-information has been taken into account in the past in information retrieval. Meta-information has gone by many names, about which a concise overview is provided. An in-depth analysis of the role of meta-information in search and conversation theories reveals that they provide significant support for the importance of meta-information in conversational search. We further identify conversational search datasets are suitable for a deeper inspection with regard to meta-information, namely, Spoken Conversational Search and Microsoft Information-Seeking Conversations. A quantitative data analysis demonstrates the practical significance of meta-information in information-seeking conversations, whereas a qualitative analysis shows the effects of exchanging different types. Finally, we discuss practical applications and challenges of meta-information in conversational search, including a case study of VERSE, an existing search system for the visually impaired.

Kingdom of Bureaucracy. A governmental-political interpretation of modern management

In this article I place management theory in conversation with Giorgio Agamben’s political theology with the dual scope of offering (1) an Agambenian interpretation of management, and (2) a framework that may be useful to illuminate and eventually explain the nature of some decisive and persistent weaknesses of the discipline. The main argument is that Agamben's theological genealogy of economy transforms the discourse on management from a matter of value to one of control. In the first section, I introduce Agamben’s political theological project and I discuss how his project can change the way scholars look at management. In the second, I list three fundamental weaknesses of management as a discipline that an Agambenian interpretation of management can make intelligible.

KONFLIK PEMANFAATAN RUANG PARIWISATA DI WILAYAH PESISIR TANAH LOT BALI

Studies on conflicts over the use of tourism space based on potentials and problems in the coastal area of Tanah Lot. The development of several sectors which are the main potential to be developed, namely the tourism sector, the agricultural sector, the economic sector which is a form of spatial use. From this development, of course, it involves various interest groups in the utilization of tourism space in the coastal area of Tanah Lot. From the various interest groups that exist, there will be competition between the interest groups and stakeholders, which is accompanied by negotiations. The purpose of this research is to understand in depth the conflicts related to the use of tourism space in the coastal area of Tanah Lot. In this study, using a qualitative method with a naturalistic approach to produce descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words of the person or object being observed. For the discussion and analysis of the data carried out inductively. In this study, observations were made to see directly the land use process that occurred in the coastal area of Tanah Lot. The theoretical basis which is used as an assumption in this observation is the zoning theory of spatial use, interest group theory, conflict theory, land use conversion theory, coastal area theory and tourism theory. From the results of this study it can be concluded as follows; The form of existing spatial use is dominated by rice fields, both still productive and unproductive rice fields. Unproductive rice fields are in the form of plantations. Spatial use conflicts that are very prominent are not in accordance with the Regional Regulation Number 16 of 2009 on the Province of Bali, concerning the RTRW of the Province of Bali.

Building a climate of faculty trust in students through principal support of student psychological needs

PurposeThis study was designed to test the relationship between principal support of student psychological needs and faculty trust in students. Without direct empirical evidence to draw from, the line of reasoning integrated evidence on social-cognitive processes involved in trust formation and conversation theory to advance two hypotheses: (1) After accounting for school and leadership conditions, principal support of student psychological needs will be related to school differences in faculty trust in students; (2) The relationship between principal support of student psychological needs and faculty trust in students is mediated by a positive view of the teaching task.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses were tested with a nonexperimental, correlational research design using ex post facto data. Due to the hierarchical structure of the data, hypotheses were tested with a 2-2-1 multilevel mediation model in HLM 7.03 with restricted maximum likelihood estimation.FindingsFindings were consistent with the hypothesized relationships – principal support of student psychological needs was related to faculty trust in students and this relationship was mediated by teacher perceptions of the teaching task.Originality/valueSchool research has primarily examined interpersonal antecedents of trust, focusing on behaviors and characteristics that position a person or group as trustworthy. This study extends trust research to the cognitive side of the formation process, calling attention to the function of mental representation in shaping trust discernments. Results suggest that cognitive processes hold promise as both a source of faculty trust in students and as a malleable mental structure that school leaders can shape through conversation.

Theorising organisational resilience for sport management research and practice

ABSTRACT Purpose/Rationale: Helping individuals and teams achieve their goals by being resilient is an established research field in sport. How sport organisations can be resilient in adversity is comparatively neglected, so the purpose is to provide firm foundations for conceptualising organisational resilience in sport management. Research question: “How can organisational resilience best be theorised for sport management research and practice?” Design/Methodology/Approach: From a critique of the resilience literature, a new Framework for Organisational Resilience Management (FfORM) is developed, based on the theory of organisational resource conversion and the separation of normative and descriptive levels. The FfORM is applied to sport management contexts, including the resilience of National Governing Bodies of Sport (NGBs) to reductions in UK Sport funding. Results and Findings: Organisational resilience is conceptualised as a means to an end, to achieve externally generated goals, emphasising its dynamic, temporal nature. The FfORM illuminates the challenges for NGBs in developing organisational resilience because of trade-offs in the actions they take. Practical implications: As well as being an evaluation tool, the FfORM will be of utility to sport organisations addressing the unprecedented challenges arising from COVID-19. Research contribution: Development of theory on organisational resilience, for use in both sport and other contexts.

The Role of Moral Devaluation in Phasing Out Fossil Fuels: Limits for a Socioecological Fix

AbstractBy putting into conversation theories of capital devaluation, the scholarship on the socioecological fix, and critical energy studies, this paper offers a conceptual framework to study the phase‐out of fossil fuel energy infrastructure. The concept of moral devaluation is presented, which emphasises the interaction of economic, political, and socioecological dimensions shaping the main forces, constraints, and regulatory mechanisms to devalue emission‐intensive fixed capital. This notion of moral devaluation is useful to inform empirical research on the institutional arrangements through which the devaluation of fixed fossil fuel capital is resisted and organised. Moreover, this notion complements current studies about the possibility of a capital switch to renewable energies as a socioecological fix to the climate and other entangled crises of capitalism, by emphasising that the devaluation of fixed capital represents a constraining condition for the rapid emergence of a socioecological fix based on fixed capital formation in the low‐carbon energy sector.

FUNCTIONS OF CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE IN TV SHOW “F.R.I.E.N.D.S”: PRAGMATICS APPROACH

The aimed of this research is to analyze the function of the conversational implicature found in a famous American TV show, named F.R.I.E.N.D.S. The researcher used the conversational implicature theory by Grice (1975) to identify the utterance and the speech acts theory by Searle (1976) to categorize the function. The design of this research is qualitative research. The researcher used the interview method by Sudaryanto (2015) to collect data, the pragmatic identity method by Sudaryanto (2015) to analyze the data, and used the informal presentation method by Sudaryanto (2015) to present the research result. The researcher collected ten data that contain conversational implicature, and two of the data categorized as representatives/ assertives, three data categorized as directives, two data categorized as commissives, two data categorized as expressive, and the remaining data categorized as declarations. The result concludes that out of the ten analyzed data, directives is the most used speech acts in the TV show.

Quantum Thermodynamics of Correlated-Catalytic State Conversion at Small Scale.

The class of possible thermodynamic conversions can be extended by introducing an auxiliary system called catalyst, which assists in state conversion while its own state remains unchanged. We reveal a complete characterization of catalytic state conversion in quantum and single-shot thermodynamics by allowing an infinitesimal correlation between the system and the catalyst. Specifically, we prove that a single thermodynamic potential, which provides the necessary and sufficient condition for the correlated-catalytic state conversion, is given by the standard nonequilibrium free energy defined with the Kullback-Leibler divergence. This resolves the conjecture raised by Wilming, Gallego, and Eisert [Entropy 19, 241 (2017)ENTRFG1099-430010.3390/e19060241] and by Lostaglio and Müller [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 020403 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.123.020403] in the positive. Moreover, we show that, with the aid of the work storage, any quantum state can be converted into another by paying the work cost equal to the nonequilibrium free energy difference. Our result would serve as a step towards establishing resource theories of catalytic state conversion in the fully quantum regime.

Unearned advantages? Redefining privilege in light of childhood

ABSTRACT This article puts privilege theory in conversation with childhood studies in order to create a richer understanding of privilege. Privilege describes the unearned, largely invisible advantages that historically dominant groups enjoy at the expense of marginalized groups. The field of childhood studies was created in part as a critique of adults’ positions of privilege relative to children. I argue that while the concept of privilege is a useful lens for understanding inequality, including in childhood studies, it has also been developed in a way that fails to capture certain aspects of adult hegemony. Specifically, the current understanding of privilege as ‘unearned’ is problematic because children as well as other marginalized groups often work without earning. This article proposes to think of privilege as automatic rather than unearned, and suggests future directions for privilege theory and childhood studies to better inform one another.

Promoting Conceptual Development of the Second Conditional in the Classroom Zone of Proximal Development

Drawing on Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory (SCT) and the theory of Instructional Conversation (IC), this study explores the development of L2 learners’ understanding of the second conditional during an IC in an online teaching video made by Macmillan Learning Teaching Education. During the IC, the instructor leads students toward a conceptual understanding of the second conditional by providing appropriate mediation sensitive to the class’s zone of proximal development (ZPD). The transcripts of the IC are analyzed with regard to the amount and type(s) of instructional mediation and the development opportunities created in this type of collaborative interaction. The analysis demonstrates the conceptual and linguistic development among the students in terms of the second conditional and shows the value of IC in creating a ZPD to promote L2 conceptual and linguistic development. In addition, this study raises the awareness of the value of online teaching videos in Sociocultural Theory and teacher education.

Analytical tuning of 2‐DOF smith predictor control scheme for DC‐DC boost converter: A process control perspective

AbstractStringent voltage regulation in a DC‐DC boost converter is a classical engineering problems in theory of power conversion. Voltage Mode Control (VMC) of boost converter is difficult for two principal reasons. First and foremost, of these two reasons, is the converter's non‐minimum phase (NMP) behavior that arises due to the presence of the dynamic right half plane zero (RHPZ) in control to output (c2o) transfer function in VMC. Second reason is the presence of parametric uncertainties* in converter during its continuous conduction mode (CCM) operation. This paper combines theory of smith predictor with boost converter for (i) analytically computing gains of PID controller, (ii) design of a low pass filter to deal with challenges posed by dynamic RHPZ. This two degrees of freedom (2‐DOF) control scheme is analytically derived as a function of the converter's parameters. Gains of PID controller, deduced in terms of circuit's parameter, are used in sequel for extensive simulation analysis of the converter's control loop. Results in this paper establish that the proposed 2‐DOF‐SP outperforms certain well known control schemes used in regulating output voltage and disturbance attenuation in boost converter.