Modern Physical Theory Research Articles

Quantum key distribution over free space optic (FSO) channel using higherorder Gaussian beam spatial modes

Quantum key distribution(QKD) has emerged as a secure solution of secret key distribution utilizing the well established theories of modern physics. Since its introduction in 1984, many interesting and innovative ideas have been proposed for QKD in order to improve the security and efficiency of the scheme keeping in view of its applications and practicalimplementation. High error rate QKD scheme for long distance communication-theso-called KMB09 protocol is one such scheme which was designed to achieve longer communication distance in QKD, without compromising its security,by allowing the utilisation of higher dimensional photon states which is not possible with standard BB84 scheme. However the practical implementation of KMB09 protocol has not been presented yet because of its unique design. In this paper, we propose a framework for the practical implementation of QKD system that runs KMB09 protocol in two or more dimensions of photon states. We present the KMB09 based QKD system design and its simulation for practical implementation based on the encoding of secret bits in higher order Gaussian beam spatial modes. The proposed framework is specifically evaluated in terms of efficiency or success rate with two and four dimensions of photon states. We find that the simulation results of the proposed framework are inline with the numerical and analytical results of the same QKD model presented earlier.

Perturbed Risk Probabilities of Developing Diabetic Complications, Including Heart Attack, Stroke, Kidney Complications and Diabetic Retinopathy in Comparison with HbA1C Values over the Past 11.5 Years Using GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine (No. 476)

This paper describes the author’s math-physical assessment of his three perturbed annual risk probabilities on having atherosclerotic conditions, cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, renal complications & chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) over a period of 11.5 years from 1/1/2010- to 6/30/2021. These three predicted risk probabilities are calculated using his developed metabolism index (MI) model created in 2014. In addition, he compared the perturbed three risk probabilities against HbA1C (A1C) values calculated from his A1C prediction model generated in 2015. It includes comparisons and verifications against his measured A1C values from various hospitals or medical clinical laboratories over the same time period. Finally, he applies the perturbation theory of quantum mechanics or modern physics and utilized A1C value as his perturbation factor or slope to develop three sets of perturbed risk probabilities of having a CVD, CKD, and DR within the same time frame (2010 through 2021). He then further compare these three perturbed risk curves against the three calculated risk curves using the MI model.

A solution of the time paradox of physics

Abstract Quantum mechanics for describing the behavior of microscopic entities and thermodynamics for describing macroscopic systems exhibit separate time concepts. Whereas many theories of modern physics interpret processes as reversible, in thermodynamics, an expression for irreversibility and the so-called time arrow has been developed: the increase of entropy. The divergence between complete reversibility on the one hand and irreversibility on the other is called the paradox of time. Since more than hundred years many efforts have been devoted to unify the time concepts. So far, the efforts were not successful. In this paper a solution is proposed on the basis of matter-energy equivalence with an energetic distinction between matter and mass. By refraining from interpretations predominant in modern theoretical physics, the first and second laws of thermodynamics can be extended to fundamental laws of nature, which are also valid at quantum level.

Paul A. Roth, The Philosophical Structure of Historical Explanation

Since the second half of the 19th century, any analysis of the epistemic status of historiography has started from the observation that the evidentiary and explanatory standards for mathematically expressed theories in modern physics are not easily applied to the evaluation of narratives produced by professional historians. This observation gave rise to a philosophical puzzle that dominates the philosophy of history: does historiography produce knowledge that is on par with scientific knowled...

Kelâmda ve Modern Fizikte Nedensellik Tartışmaları

The aim of this article is to discuss the causality concepts of Muslim scholars (mutakallimūn) in terms of modern physics theories and to shed light on the ongoing debates in this context. It is possible to say that there are three attitudes about causality in the Islamic kalām. The first one is the concepts that adopt the principle of causality based on the theory of nature (ṭabʽ); the second is the concepts of Ashārītes that deny causality and explain the relations between entities in the universe with the concept of possibility based on the theory of custom (ʽādah), and the third one is the understanding of the Baṣra school, which accepts causality in some subjects and explains some issues with the concept of ʽādah. In modern physics, a similar divergence is seen between Newtonian determinist understandings and indeterminist understandings based on Quantum uncertainty. In some recent research, it is argued that there are significant similarities between the principle of quantum uncertainty and the theory of custom. In this article, the causality conceptions of mutakallimūn are addressed with the context of the theories of ʽādah and ṭabʽ. Then analyzes are made on the aspects of these understandings that match and diverge with the idea of causality implied by modern physics. Consequently, a new reading is suggested, taking into account modern physics, based on the theories of mutakallimūn who accept natures and causality in natural beings –especially Abū Isḥāq al-Naẓẓām (d. 231/845)-.

Remote access experiment as a facilitator for teaching modern and contemporary physics in secondary schools

Many of today’s technological devices are grounded in theories of modern and contemporary physics (MCP). Their introduction into the high school classroom often requires access to sophisticated equipment. This is a difficult situation for public schools in Brazil, where the cost of implementing such laboratories is considered very high. This article introduces and discusses the concept of a Remote Access Laboratory for Modern Physics. This lab is possible because of the internet. It was designed to facilitate the teaching of modern physics in high school. Upon entering the laboratory, the physics teacher has the possibility to perform experiments in modern physics remotely. The lab is configured with remote cameras and automated devices to provide telepresence to attendees. The experiment used in this research was a cloud chamber, which detected cosmic rays and particles from a radioactive source. Two teachers and 150 students from two public high schools participated in this research. The lesson plan was developed to ensure a sequence of activities in the classroom. To evaluate our activities, we conducted interviews with the teachers and applied questionnaires to the students. We identified that after the activity was carried out by the students a greater demand for information on Physics on the internet. In addition, among the capabilities of the recognized laboratory, we mentioned the connection of MCP events to the students’ daily lives. The report of the participating teachers presents a favourable view towards the adoption of this initiative in the classroom for the introduction of modern and contemporary physics.

Analysis of the dissipation processes of external input energy in conditions of anomalous low friction and wear

The article presents theoretical and experimental prerequisites for achieving an anomalous friction and wear adopted in tribology from the standpoint of modern physical theories and quantum-mechanical approach to the explanation of the energy dissipation under the external friction. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of oscillations generated in most of the tribosystems as a factor of achieving anomalous low friction and wear conditions from a position of the quantum mechanical approach to real tribosystems operating under conditions of dry and boundary friction. Microdisplacement optimal conditions at the actual contact points are achieved in this case by changing rheology of the surface layer.

On the Core Theory of Process Interactions and Cohesion as Its Integral Effect

The aim of the work is to develop the core theory of interaction of the processes, such as problematization, schematization, objectification, positioning. These processes are the constructs of the technology of organization and management of thought processes. As a focus, we chose what makes the group holistic and cohesive. Taking as a basis the experience of discussing these processes and their interactions, the authors develop two versions of the theory, introducing methods of combinatorics and discrete mathematics into the constructive field. The metric basis of the core theory of interaction leading to cohesion is constructed, hypotheses of symmetry of processes are put forward, laws of interaction are offered. In the article, research restrictions related to the enneadic metric are adopted, the method of analogy with the core theory of modern physics of Wilczek is used.

On the Core Theory of Process Interactions and Coehision as its Integral Effect

The aim of the work is to develop the core theory of interaction of the processes, such as problematization, schematization, objectification, positioning. These processes are the constructs of the technology of organization and management of thought processes. As a focus, we chose what makes the group holistic and cohesive. Taking as a basis the experience of discussing these processes and their interactions, the authors develop two versions of the theory, introducing methods of combinatorics and discrete mathematics into the constructive field. The metric basis of the core theory of interaction leading to cohesion is constructed, hypotheses of symmetry of processes are put forward, laws of interaction are offered. In the article, research restrictions related to the enneadic metric are adopted, the method of analogy with the core theory of modern physics of F. Wilczek is used. An application is presented in the form of a game with representatives of the value categories that make up the corporate philosophy of Bio Informatics. The results of the article are of practical use in the development of the microbiology. The proposed theory can be applied to the development of an optimal set of tools for gene ontology, taking such tools as AMIGO, OBO-EDIT as the analyzed material. Game simulation and modelling can also be improved by applying cohesion theory. An analysis of the quantitative understanding of the biological system, as well as the possibility of predicting systemic features that are the goal of system biology, and the field of its application, related to the consideration of nonlinearity, may also include a theory of cohesion. In pharmaceuticals and the development of drugs in terms of their effects on the body, the effect of cohesion is importan. The architecture of the core theory is original, the theory is important for programming and controlling life processes.

A new way of visualising quantum fields

Quantum field theory (QFT) is the basis of some of the most fundamental theories in modern physics, but it is not an easy subject to learn. In the present article we intend to pave the way from quantum mechanics to QFT for students at early graduate or advanced undergraduate level. More specifically, we propose a new way of visualising the wave function Ψ of a linear chain of interacting quantum harmonic oscillators, which can be seen as a model for a simple one-dimensional bosonic quantum field. The main idea is to draw randomly chosen classical states of the chain superimposed upon each other and use a grey scale to represent the value of Ψ at the corresponding coordinates of the quantised system. Our goal is to establish a better intuitive understanding of the mathematical objects underlying quantum field theories and solid state physics.

Quantum Theory and the Nature of Consciousness

Our interest focusses on the idea, that consciousness is a powerful acting entity. Up to now there does not exist a scientific concept for this idea. This is not due to problems within the field of psychology or brain research, but rather in resisting theories of modern physics. That is, why we have to search for a solution in the field of physics. A solution can be found in a new understanding of the basics of physical theory. That could be given by abstract and absolute quantum bits of information (AQI bits). To avoid the popular misunderstanding of “information” as “meaningful” it was necessary to find a new word for the free-of-meaning AQI bits: the AQI bits establish a quantum pre-structure termed “Protyposis” (Greek: “pre-formation”), out of which real objects can be formed, starting from energetical and material elementary particles. The Protyposis AQI bits provide a pre-structure for all entities in natural sciences. They are the basic entities, whereof the physical nature of the brain, on the one hand, and the mental nature of consciousness, on the other hand, were formed during the cosmological and the following biological evolution. A deeper understanding of quantum structures may help to overcome the resistance against quantum theory in the field of brain research and consciousness. The key for an understanding is the concept of Protyposis, which means an abstract quantum information free of any definite meaning. With the AQI bits of the Protyposis, both, massless and massive quantum particles can be constructed. Even quantum information with special meanings, in example grammatically formulated thoughts, eventually could be explained. As long as the fundamental basis of quantum theory is misunderstood as being formed by a manifold of some small objects like atoms, quarks, or strings, the problem of understanding consciousness has no solution. If instead we understand quantum theory as based on truly simple quantum structures, there would be no longer fundamental problems for an understanding of consciousness.

Ontic Structural Realism

AbstractOntic structural realism (OSR) is at its core the view that “structure is ontologically fundamental.” Informed from its inception by the scientific revolutions that punctuated the 20th century, its advocates often present the position as the perspective on ontology best befitting of modern physics. But the idea that structure is fundamental has proved difficult to articulate adequately, and what OSR's claimed naturalistic credentials consist in is hard to precisify as well. Nor is it clear that the position is actually supported by our most fundamental physical theories. What is clear, however, is that structuralists have revealed a seam of material at the core of modern physics that is replete with implications for metaphysics. This article will survey some positions subsumed under the rubric of OSR, considering both their warrant and the interconnections that exist between them. It will be argued that the fundamental kind properties pose a challenge to ontic structuralism, because it seems that these properties do not supervene upon the relevant structures. But it will also be argued that the development of structuralist metaphysics will require both an engagement with the details of modern physical theories and the deployment of tools more typically developed in a priori metaphysics. As such, it seems armchair metaphysicians have not just a stake in whether OSR's claims may ultimately be shown to stand up, but a crucial role to play in getting them to the point where they can be subjected to scrutiny in the first place.

A horoscope for a physicist

A retired scientist finds a newfound appreciation for an ancient document’s prognostications, which are not so different from those in some modern physics theories.

Semiclassical Theism and the Passage of Planck Times

ABSTRACTThis paper models God and time in the framework of modern physics. God bridges and simultaneously exists in (1) a universe with infinite tenseless time and (2) a created parallel universe with tensed time and a point origin. The primary attributes of God are inexhaustible love, inexhaustible perception, and inexhaustible force. The model also incorporates modern physics theories that include relativity, the conservation of energy, quantum mechanics, and multiverse geometry. For example, creation out of nothing and divine intervention are subject to physical processes and likewise nomological possibility. I will call this model semiclassical theism.

What is Time in Some Modern Physics Theories: Interpretation Problems

Abstract The article deals with the problem of time in the context of several theories of modem physics. This fundamental concept inevitably arises in physical theories, but so far there is no adequate description of it in the philosophy of science. In the theory of relativity, quantum field theory. Standard Model of particle physics, theory of loop quantum gravity, superstring theory and other most recent theories the idea of time is shown explicitly or not. Sometimes, such as in the special theory of relativity, it plays a significant role and sometimes it does not. But anyway it exists and is implied by the content of the theory, which in some cases directly includes its mathematical tools. Fundamental difference of space-time processes in microcosm and macrocosm is of particular importance for solving the problem. In this regard, a need to understand the time in the way it appears in modem physics, to describe it in the language of philosophy arises (satisfactory for time description mathematical tools also do not exist). This will give an opportunity to get closer to the answer on question of time characteristics. And even if we do not obtain the exact answer, we will still be able to formulate the right question about its nature. For this purpose, the present research carries out analysis of the key theories of modern physics with regard to historical and scientific, historical and philosophical perspectives, hi some cases, this gives an opportunity to detect the succession of the associated with time perception ideas, their development, as well as the origination of fundamentally new ones. During the analysis, the conect characteristics of time are formulated from the point of view of physical theory and the attempt to state the nature of time is made. On the ground of conducted research, the conclusions about current state of the problem and its future solution perspectives are drawn.

What Is Time in Some Modern Physics Theories: Interpretation Problems

The article deals with the problem of time in the context of several theories of modern physics. This fundamental concept inevitably arises in physical theories, but so far there is no adequate description of it in the philosophy of science. In the theory of relativity, quantum field theory, Standard Model of particle physics, theory of loop quantum gravity, superstring theory and other most recent theories the idea of time is shown explicitly or not. Sometimes, such as in the special theory of relativity, it plays a significant role and sometimes it does not. But anyway it exists and is implied by the content of the theory, which in some cases directly includes its mathematical tools. Fundamental difference of space-time processes in microcosm and macrocosm is of particular importance for solving the problem. In this regard, a need to understand the time in the way it appears in modern physics, to describe it in the language of philosophy arises (satisfactory for time description mathematical tools also do not exist). This will give an opportunity to get closer to the answer on question of time characteristics. And even if we do not obtain the exact answer, we will still be able to formulate the right question about its nature. For this purpose, the present research carries out analysis of the key theories of modern physics with regard to historical and scientific, historical and philosophical perspectives. In some cases, this gives an opportunity to detect the succession of the associated with time perception ideas, their development, as well as the origination of fundamentally new ones. During the analysis, the correct characteristics of time are formulated from the point of view of physical theory and the attempt to state the nature of time is made. On the ground of conducted research, the conclusions about current state of the problem and its future solution perspectives are drawn.

E=mc2 PARADİGMASI VE ÖĞRETİMİ

Einstein’in, ozel ve genel rolativite kuramlari; ileri suruldukleri tarihlerde sonuclarinin etkisiyle her biri kendi alanlarinda bir paradigma degisimine neden olmustur. Calismada, durgunluk enerjisi ile goreli toplam enerji kavramlari ve onlari ifade eden denklemlerin ogretiminin; nasil, ne tur orneklerle ve aktivitelerle daha etkili bir sekilde gerceklestirilebilecegi arastirilmistir. Nitel arastirmalarda, dokuman incelemesi tek basina bir veri toplama yontemi olarak kullanilabilmektedir. Arastirmada, ozel rolativite kurami ve modern fizigin konularina dair kitaplar ve yapilan bilimsel calismalarla ilgili makaleler, betimsel analiz yaklasimina gore incelenmistir. Incelenen dokumanlarda sunus yoluyla ogretimin; daha az zaman alici, soyut konularin ogretiminde kavramlarin veya buyukluklerin ve onlarin aralarindaki iliskilerin ogrenilmesinde kolaylik saglayici oldugu belirtilmektedir. Ozel rolativite kuraminin istenilen duzeyde ogrenilmesine katkida bulunabilmek icin sunus yoluyla ogretim, ogrenme amacli yazma ile desteklenerek yedi asamada gerceklestirilebilecek bir yaklasim onerilmistir. Goreli toplam enerji kavraminin ve denkleminin ogretimi icin onerilen yaklasimin, fizigin diger soyut kavramlarinin ogretiminde de kullanilabilecegi dusunulmektedir.

The Concept of the Space Interpretation Problem in Some of the Modern Physics Multiverse Hypotheses

In order to determine the concept of space interpretation in several multiverse hypotheses, this article analyzes a number of them, which arises from some theories of modern physics. The interpretation of space in the history of philosophy and science and their interrelation with modern physical notions are presented. The research is based on the cognitive interpretation method of the contents of formalistic mathematics and physics theories, the method of comparative analysis (analysis of philosophical texts), the hermeneutical method, and the phenomenological method (analysis of representations). The author shows how the context of modern physics multiverse hypotheses contributes to new connotations in the perception of space. The research draws some conclusions about the present status of the philosophical perception of space.

The Notion of Space in Some Modern Physics Theories

The Notion of Space in Some Modern Physics Theories

Кант и новая математика сто лет спустя

Cassirer’s critique of Russell’s philosophy of mathematics and the Neo-Kantian philosophy of science and mathematics as a whole is of special relevance in the context of modern mathematics and mathematical physics. The fact that the modern standard axiomatic architecture of mathematical theories does not take into account the object-based character of mathematical knowledge, which was stressed after Kant by Cassirer, complicates the application of new mathematical theories in natural sciences and technology. In particular, this can explain why modern physical string theory is empirically unverifiable; it can be adjusted to accommodate a wide range of possible outcomes of observations and experiments. At the same time, there are reasons to believe that certain recent approaches in foundations of mathematics such as category theory, topos theory, and Univalent Foundations may help to improve the situation in the near future. The problem of applicability of new mathematical knowledge in science and technology shows that the Kantian approach in philosophy of mathematics is at least partly relevant to today’s mathematics.