Theoretical Measurement Research Articles

Electron-impact ionization of water molecules at low impact energies.

The electron-impact ionization of water molecules at low impact energies is investigated using a theoretical approach named M3CWZ. In this model, which considers exchange effects and post-collision interaction, the continuum electrons (incident, scattered, and ejected) are all described by a Coulomb wave that corresponds to distance-dependent charges generated from the molecular target properties. Triple differential cross-sections for low impact energy ionization of either the 1b1 or 3a1 orbitals are calculated for several geometrical and kinematical configurations, all in the dipole regime. The M3CWZ model is thoroughly tested with an extensive comparison with available theoretical results and COLTRIMS measurements performed at projectile energies of Ei = 81eV [Ren et al., Phys. Rev. A 95, 022701 (2017)] and Ei = 65eV [Zhou et al., Phys. Rev. A 104, 012817 (2021)]. Similar to other theoretical models, an overall good agreement with both sets of measured data is observed for the angular distributions. Our calculated cross-sections' magnitudes are also satisfactory when compared to the other theoretical results, as well as to the cross-normalized relative scale data at 81eV impact energy. The 65eV set of data, measured on an absolute scale, offers a further challenging task for theoretical descriptions, and globally the M3CWZ performs fairly well and comparably to other theories. The proposed approach with variable charges somehow allows to capture the main multicenter distortion effects while avoiding high computational costs.

Exogenous glucose irrigation alleviates cold stress by regulating soluble sugars, ABA and photosynthesis in melon seedlings

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important economic crop and widely planted around the world. Cold stress severely limits its development and yield. Carbohydrates play multiple roles in plant cold tolerance. However, little is known in melon. Based on the metabolome analysis, a total of 635 metabolites were identified upon cold stress in melon seedlings. KEGG analysis shows that differential metabolites were mainly enriched in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway and pentose phosphate pathway, with glucose being one of the most prominent metabolites. To further investigate the role of glucose in cold tolerance of melon seedlings. We found that root irrigation was more effective than foliar spraying for exogenous glucose application, with optimal concentrations of 0.5% and 1% for cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive genotypes, respectively. Glucose irrigation mainly promoted soluble sugar accumulation to reduce cold damage in melon seedlings. For cold-sensitive genotype, only the sucrose content could be increased, while for cold-tolerant genotype, sucrose, fructose and glucose content could be simultaneously increased. Meanwhile, glucose irrigation recruited ABA not antioxidant enzyme system to cope with cold stress. Hence, glucose watering could improve the maximum photochemical efficiency of seedling photosystem II (Fv/Fm), alleviate physiological drought, reduce the accumulation of malondialdehyde, and accelerated the photosynthetic efficiency of melon seedlings. Based on coefficient of variation and principal component analysis, it was confirmed again that glucose irrigation did alter the strategies for withstanding cold stress and enhance the cold tolerance of melon seedlings. Thus, the results would provide a theoretical basis and feasible measures to protect melon seedings from cold damage.

Acoustic and Kinematic Predictors of Intelligibility and Articulatory Precision in Parkinson's Disease.

This study investigated relationships within and between perceptual, acoustic, and kinematic measures in speakers with and without dysarthria due to Parkinson's disease (PD) across different clarity conditions. Additionally, the study assessed the predictive capabilities of selected acoustic and kinematic measures for intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings. Forty participants, comprising 22 with PD and 18 controls, read three phrases aloud using conversational, less clear, and more clear speaking conditions. Acoustic measures and their theoretical kinematic parallel measures (i.e., acoustic and kinematic distance and vowel space area [VSA]; second formant frequency [F2] slope and kinematic speed) were obtained from the diphthong /aɪ/ and selected vowels in the sentences. A total of 368 listeners from crowdsourcing provided ratings for intelligibility and articulatory precision. The research questions were examined using correlations and linear mixed-effects models. Intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings were highly correlated across all speakers. Acoustic and kinematic distance, as well as F2 slope and kinematic speed, showed moderately positive correlations. In contrast, acoustic and kinematic VSA exhibited no correlation. Among all measures, acoustic VSA and kinematic distance were robust predictors of both intelligibility and articulatory precision ratings, but they were stronger predictors of articulatory precision. The findings highlight the importance of measurement selection when examining cross-domain relationships. Additionally, they support the use of behavioral modifications aimed at eliciting larger articulatory gestures to improve intelligibility in individuals with dysarthria due to PD. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27011281.

Su(3) symmetry analysis in charmed baryon two body decays with penguin diagram contribution

An increasing number of experimental measurements from the BESIII, Belle, and Belle-II collaborations encourage investigations into charmed baryon two-body decay processes. By including contributions from the penguin diagrams that are ignored in previous studies, we perform a global analysis with SU(3) flavor symmetry. Assuming all form factors are real, we achieve a remarkable minimal χ2/d.o.f=0.788\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\chi ^{2}/d.o.f = 0.788$$\\end{document} and find that the contribution of the amplitude proportional to Vcb∗Vub\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$V_{cb}^*V_{ub}$$\\end{document} is of the order ∼0.01\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sim 0.01$$\\end{document}, comparable with the contribution of the tree-level diagram. Additionally, by using the KPW theorem to reduce the number of amplitudes from 13 to 7 in the leading contribution, it becomes possible to consider the complex form factor case for the leading IRA amplitude in the global analysis. However, the analysis of complex form factors significantly conflicts with the experimental data Br(Ξc0→Ξ-π+)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$Br(\\Xi _c^0\\rightarrow \\Xi ^-\\pi ^+)$$\\end{document}, and by excluding this data, χ2/d.o.f\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\chi ^2/d.o.f$$\\end{document} is reduced from 5.95 to 1.19. Although the analysis of complex form factors shows a significant central value of the penguin diagram contribution, the large errors from the corresponding form factors make it a challenge to precisely determine its true contribution. Consequently, the direct CP violation in decay processes is predicted to be approximately zero. With more data in future experiments, the penguin diagram contribution with the amplitude proportional to Vcb∗Vub\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$V_{cb}^*V_{ub}$$\\end{document} will be precisely determined, allowing for a more accurate prediction of CP violation. Our analysis necessitates further theoretical investigations and experimental measurements in the future.

Optimization of small coal pillar width and control measures in gob-side entry excavation of thick coal seams

This study introduces an innovative optimized bolting support system specifically tailored for gob-side entry excavation in thick coal seams at a coal mine in southwestern Shandong, China. Employing theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field measurements, the research focuses on examining the failure characteristics of surrounding rock during gob-side entry excavation. The key innovation lies in the development of a 5-meter optimal coal pillar width, ensuring balanced stress distribution and structural integrity. Additionally, a lag time of at least 46 days between gob-side entry excavation and the upper working face retreat is recommended to mitigate roof subsidence and surrounding rock deformation. The optimized bolting support system, featuring increased bolt pretension, utilization of high-strength steel strips, and reinforcement of weak points, effectively reduces deformation of the roadway surrounding rock, meeting support requirements for normal production. This novel approach successfully addresses the support challenges in thick coal seam gob-side entry excavation, enhancing mining safety and resource recovery rates.

Information theoretic measures on quantum droplets in ultracold atomic systems

We consider Shannon entropy, Fisher information, Rényi entropy, and Tsallis entropy to study the quantum droplet phase in Bose–Einstein condensates. In the beyond mean-field description, the Gross–Pitaevskii equation with Lee-Huang-Yang correction gives a family of quantum droplets with different chemical potentials. At a larger value of chemical potential, quantum droplet with sharp-top probability density distribution starts to form while it becomes flat top for a smaller value of chemical potential. We show that entropic measures can distinguish the shape change of the probability density distributions and thus can identify the onset of the droplet phase. During the onset of droplet phase, the Shannon entropy decreases gradually with the decrease of chemical potential and attains a minimum in the vicinity where a smooth transition from flat-top to sharp-top QDs occurs. At this stage, the Shannon entropy increases abruptly with the lowering of chemical potential. We observe an opposite trend in the case of Fisher information. These results are found to be consistent with the Rényi and Tsallis entropic measures.

Information theoretic measures for Lifshitz system

In this work, we have studied various mixed state information theoretic quantities for an excited state of Lifshitz spacetime in 3 + 1-dimensions. This geometry is the gravity dual to a class of 2 + 1-dimensional quantum field theories having Lifshitz symmetry. We have holographically calculated mutual information, entanglement wedge cross section, entanglement negativity and mutual complexity for strip like subsystems at the boundary. For this we have used the results of holographic entanglement entropy and complexity present in the literature. We first calculate all of these mentioned quantities for the pure state of Lifshitz spacetime. Then we have moved on to calculate all these quantities for excited state of the Lifshitz spacetime. The gravity dual of excited state of Lifshitz systems in field theory can be obtained by applying constant perturbations along the boundary direction. Further, we would like to mention that for the simplicity of calculation we are only considering results up to the first order in perturbation. The change in the obtained holographic information theoretic quantities are then related to entanglement entropy, entanglement pressure, entanglement chemical potential and charge using the stress tensor complex. These relations are analogous to the first law of entanglement thermodynamics given earlier in the literature. All the calculations are carried out for both values of dynamical scaling exponent (z) present in the Lifshitz field theory.

Nanoscale Chemical Imaging of Amyloid Fibrils in Water Using Total-Internal-Reflection Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Total-internal-reflection tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TIR-TERS) imaging of amyloid-β (Aβ1-42-L34T) fibrils is performed with nanoscale spatial resolution in water, using TERS tips fabricated by bipolar electrodeposition. Ideal experimental parameters are corroborated by both theoretical simulations and TIR-TERS measurements. TIR-TERS imaging reveals the predominant parallel β-sheet secondary structure of Aβ1-42-L34T fibrils as well as the nanoscale spatial distribution of tyrosine, histidine, and phenylalanine aromatic amino acids. Their proportion in TERS spectra can be qualitatively explained by the combined effect of their localization in the Aβ1-42-L34T fibril structure and their molecular orientation with respect to the excitation laser light polarization. Conclusions drawn from the TERS experiments in water corroborate and significantly enrich our previous study in ambient air, thus confirming that hydration has only a marginal impact on the structure of such amyloid fibrils. This first TIR-TERS study in liquid opens fascinating perspectives for future applications in biology.

Review of 'Subjective Well-Being in the Indian Context: Concept, Measure and Index': A Culture Based Development (CBD) perspective

“Subjective Well-Being in the Indian Context - Concept, Measure and Index” by Tithi Bhatnagar is a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted nature of wellbeing within the modern Indian socio-cultural context. The book starts with an overview of the theoretical cornerstones and measurement approaches in studying wellbeing and it ultimately offers a unique index for measuring happiness tailored to the Indian context. This structure helps the book deliver a significant multidisciplinary contribution that is of interest not only to psychology but social sciences more broadly. This review will focus on the book's contribution to specifically social, regional, and cultural economics.

Microwave field sensor based on cold cesium Rydberg three-photon electromagnetically induced spectroscopy

Abstract We present the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra of cold Rydberg four-level cascade atoms consisting of the 6S1/2 → 6P3/2 → 7S1/2 → 60P3/2 scheme. A coupling laser drives the Rydberg transition, a dressing laser couples two intermediate levels and a weak probe laser probes the EIT signal. We numerically solve the Bloch equations and investigate the dependence of the probe transmission rate signal on the coupling and dressing lasers. We find that the probe transmission rate can display an EIT or electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) profile, depending on the Rabi frequencies of the coupling and dressing lasers. When we increase the Rabi frequency of the coupling laser and keep the Rabi frequency of the probe and dressing laser fixed, flipping of the EIA to EIT spectrum occurs at the critical coupling Rabi frequency. When we apply a microwave field coupling the transition 60P3/2 → 61S1/2, the EIT spectrum shows Autler–Townes splitting, which is employed to measure the microwave field. The theoretical measurement sensitivity can be 1.52 × 10−2 nV⋅cm−1⋅Hz−1/2 at the EIA–EIT flipping point.

Thermodynamically and Dynamically Boosted Electrocatalytic Iodine Conversion with Hydroxyl Groups for High-Efficiency Zinc-Iodine Batteries.

Rechargeable zinc-iodine (Zn-I2) batteries have shown immense potential for grid-scale energy storage applications, but there remain challenges of improving efficiency and cycling stability due to the sluggish iodine reduction reaction (IRR) kinetics and serious shuttle problem of polyiodides. We herein demonstrate an efficient metal-free hydroxyl (-OH)-functionalized carbon catalyst that effectively boosts the performance of Zn-I2 batteries. It has been found that the obtained electrocatalytic performance is strongly correlated with the surface oxygen chemical environment in the carbon matrix. Both theoretical calculations and experimental measurements have uncovered that the -OH group, rather than carbonyl (-C═O) and carboxyl (-COOH), provides the active electrocatalytic site for IRR, improves the iodine redox kinetics and the electrochemical reversibility, and facilitates I2 nucleation. As confirmed by a series of in situ and ex situ spectroscopy techniques, due to the favorable reaction thermodynamics and the lowered energy barrier for I3- dissociation, the O-H···I channels can effectively trigger the direct transformation of I2/I- and avoid the formation of stable polyiodides. As a result, the as-assembled battery of I2/oxygen-functionalized carbon cloth (I2/OCC-2)//Zn exhibits a high capacity of 2.27 mA h cm-2 at 1 mA cm-2, outstanding rate capability with 89.0% capacity retention at 20 mA cm-2, and long-term stability of 10,000 cycles.

Modified reverse degree descriptors for combined topological and entropy characterizations of 2D metal organic frameworks: applications in graph energy prediction.

Topological descriptors are widely utilized as graph theoretical measures for evaluating the physicochemical properties of organic frameworks by examining their molecular structures. Our current research validates the usage of topological descriptors in studying frameworks such as metal-butylated hydroxytoluene, NH-substituted coronene transition metal, transition metal-phthalocyanine, and conductive metal-octa amino phthalocyanine. These metal organic frameworks are crucial in nanoscale research for their porosity, adaptability, and conductivity, making them essential for advanced materials and modern technology. In this study, we provide the topological and entropy characterizations of these frameworks by employing robust reverse degree based descriptors, which offer insightful information on structural complexities. This structural information is applied to predict the graph energy of the considered metal organic frameworks using statistical regression models.

Measuring and understanding information storage and transfer in a simulated human gut microbiome.

Considering biological systems as information processing entities and analyzing their organizational structure via information-theoretic measures has become an established approach in life sciences. We transfer this framework to a field of broad general interest, the human gut microbiome. We use BacArena, a software combining agent-based modelling and flux-balance analysis, to simulate a simplified human intestinal microbiome (SIHUMI). In a first step, we derive information theoretic measures from the simulated abundance data, and, in a second step, relate them to the metabolic processes underlying the abundance data. Our study provides further evidence on the role of active information storage as an indicator of unexpected structural change in the observed system. Besides, we show that information transfer reflects coherent behavior in the microbial community, both as a reaction to environmental changes and as a result of direct effective interaction. In this sense, purely abundance-based information theoretic measures can provide meaningful insight on metabolic interactions within bacterial communities. Furthermore, we shed light on the important however little noticed technical aspect of distinguishing immediate and delayed effects in the interpretation of local information theoretical measures.

Molecularly Woven Cationic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Highly Selective Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to CO.

Coupling carbon capture with electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction (CO2R) to yield high-value chemicals presents an appealing avenue for combating climate change, yet achieving highly selective electrocatalysts remains a significant challenge. Herein, two molecularly woven covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are designed, namely CuCOF and CuCOF+, with copper(I)-bisphenanthroline complexes as building blocks. The metal-organic helical structure unit made the CuCOF and CuCOF+ present woven patterns, and their ordered pore structures and cationic properties enhanced their CO2 adsorption and good conductivity, which is confirmed by gas adsorption and electrochemical analysis. In the electrocatalytic CO2R measurements, CuCOF+ decorated with extra ethyl groups exhibit a main CO product with selectivity of 57.81%, outperforming the CuCOF with 42.92% CO at the same applied potential of 0.8 VRHE. After loading Pd nanoparticles, CuCOF-Pd and CuCOF+-Pd performed increased CO selectivity up to 84.97% and 95.45%, respectively. Combining the DFT theoretical calculations and experimental measurements, it is assumed that the molecularly woven cationic COF provides a catalytic microenvironment for CO2R and ensures efficient charge transfer from the electrode to the catalytic center, thereby achieving high electrocatalytic activity and selectivity. The present work significantly advances the practice of cationic COFs in real-time CO2 capture and highly selective conversion to value-added chemicals.

A Dibenzo[g,p]chrysene‐Based Organic Semiconductor with Small Exciton Binding Energy via Molecular Aggregation

AbstractExciton binding energy (Eb) is understood as the energy required to dissociate an exciton in free‐charge carriers, and is known to be an important parameter in determining the performance of organic opto‐electronic devices. However, the development of a molecular design to achieve a small level of Eb in the solid state continues to lag behind. Here, to investigate the relationship between aggregation and Eb, star‐shaped π‐conjugated compounds DBC‐RD and TPE‐RD were developed using dibenzo[g,p]chrysene (DBC) and tetraphenylethylene (TPE). Theoretical calculations and physical measurements in solution showed no apparent differences between DBC‐RD and TPE‐RD, indicating that these molecules possess similar properties on a single‐molecule level. By contrast, pristine films incorporating these molecules showed significantly different levels of electron affinity, ionization potential, and optical gap. Also, DBC‐RD had a smaller Eb value of 0.24 eV compared with that of TPE‐RD (0.42 eV). However, these molecules showed similar Eb values under dispersed conditions, which suggested that the decreased Eb of DBC‐RD in pristine film is induced by molecular aggregation. By comparison with TPE‐RD, DBC‐RD showed superior performances in single‐component organic solar cells and organic photocatalysts. These results indicate that a molecular design suitable for aggregation is important to decrease the Eb in films.

Study on overburden rock structure characteristics and surrounding rock control technology of island working face

Based on the background of ZF2822 island working face in Xiagou Coal Mine, the characteristics of overburden fracture structure and surrounding rock control technology of island working face are explored by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement. The results show that the ten morphological structures of the main roof fracture can be divided into four typical symmetrical structures and six asymmetric structures. According to the stress calculation formula of the key block B to the coal pillar, the stress characteristics of the 10 structures are classified and the risk classification is carried out. Four typical structures (a), (b), (c) and (d) were constructed to simulate the stress and strain characteristics of surrounding rock. The overlying strata subsidence displacement values of (a), (b), (c) and (d) at the roadway are 1.75 m, 1.5 m, 0.8 m and 0.6 m respectively, and the maximum stresses are 26.6 MPa, 19.5 MPa, 15.5 MPa and 10.0 MPa respectively, (a) > (b) > (c) > (d). Therefore, the surrounding rock control technology of gob-side roadway in island working face is put forward, the fracture structure of basic roof is determined and the reasonable applicable type of gob-side roadway is selected. The results after pressure relief show that the average daily microseismic energy of ZF2822 working face after pressure relief is 0.87 × 104 J, which is about 42.38% lower than that of April. The average stress is 1.13 MPa lower than that of the mining before the pressure relief area, and the decrease is 22.42%. It shows that the pressure relief has played a very good effect and provides a reference for the same type of mine.

A Dibenzo[g,p]chrysene-Based Organic Semiconductor with Small Exciton Binding Energy via Molecular Aggregation.

Exciton binding energy (Eb) is understood as the energy required to dissociate an exciton in free-charge carriers, and is known to be an important parameter in determining the performance of organic opto-electronic devices. However, the development of a molecular design to achieve a small level of Eb in the solid state continues to lag behind. Here, to investigate the relationship between aggregation and Eb, star-shaped π-conjugated compounds DBC-RD and TPE-RD were developed using dibenzo[g,p]chrysene (DBC) and tetraphenylethylene (TPE). Theoretical calculations and physical measurements in solution showed no apparent differences between DBC-RD and TPE-RD, indicating that these molecules possess similar properties on a single-molecule level. By contrast, pristine films incorporating these molecules showed significantly different levels of electron affinity, ionization potential, and optical gap. Also, DBC-RD had a smaller Eb value of 0.24 eV compared with that of TPE-RD (0.42 eV). However, these molecules showed similar Eb values under dispersed conditions, which suggested that the decreased Eb of DBC-RD in pristine film is induced by molecular aggregation. By comparison with TPE-RD, DBC-RD showed superior performances in single-component organic solar cells and organic photocatalysts. These results indicate that a molecular design suitable for aggregation is important to decrease the Eb in films.

Flexoelectric anisotropy and shear contributions in lead-free piezocomposites

Flexoelectricity is the coupling between strain gradients and electric fields. This phenomenon can significantly enhance piezocomposite response in addition to linear piezoelectricity. This enhancement is especially important for lead-free piezocomposites, which generally underperform compared to lead-based counterparts. Flexoelectric enhancement is facilitated by structural anisotropy in piezocomposites. However, challenges in modeling flexoelectric effects arise from several unknowns. Firstly, the shear flexoelectric coefficient is not well-characterized experimentally. Secondly, significant discrepancies exist between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements of flexoelectric coefficients. Thirdly, the influence of matrix mechanical properties on flexoelectric behavior is poorly understood. To address these issues, we construct a parametric flexoelectric model of a lead-free piezocomposite with graded inclusion concentration. We then systematically analyze the impact of each parameter to identify which significantly influence flexoelectric behavior. This study is intended to provide direction to further experimental studies towards understanding and tailoring this subset of parameters.

Parental Grief After the Unexpected Death of a Child: A Scoping Review About the Impact on Parent's Social Networks and the Function of Self-Help Groups.

The unexpected death of a child, whether due to accident, sudden death syndrome, suicide, or homicide, causes profound parental grief that endures for years. Often, this grief is not fully understood by the social environment, leading parents to feel increasingly misunderstood and isolated. While initial support may be provided, it can become insufficient over time. Therefore, many parents turn to support groups, finding multiple benefits such as validation of their feelings, a safe space to discuss their children and express emotions, strengthening of their social identity, and a platform for reconstructing meaning in their lives. A scoping review was carried on to review the state of knowledge regarding the role that self-help groups can play in case of bereavement due to the unexpected death of a child and regarding the impact on social relationships referred to in these contexts. The search was conducted on 11 databases and grey literature and provided 22 final results. Reviewed studies confirm the impact of this loss, particularly on mothers, and suggest that self-help groups contribute to a more favorable development of the grieving process. Despite the scarcity of research, future studies could leverage newer theoretical models and measurement tools to confirm protective, predictive, and risk factors.

Vibration wave propagation and band-gap effects in floating slab track: Theoretical analysis and experimental measurements

Vibration wave propagation and band-gap effects in floating slab track: Theoretical analysis and experimental measurements