Theoretical Generalization Research Articles

Methodological approaches to analysis of efficiency of functioning of logistics system of the enterprise

Introduction. Analysis of efficiency of functioning of logistics system of the enterprise is a real tool for managing such a system, ensuring its stability and dynamic development. Also such an analysis is a tool for searching adequate directions of providing and increasing the efficiency of functioning of logistics system of the enterprise. The purpose of this paper is to explore and develop the methodological approaches to analysis of efficiency of functioning of logistics system of the enterprise. To achieve the purpose of the paper, the set of methods of theoretical generalization (induction, deduction, analogy, abstraction, comparison, generalization, grouping, analysis, synthesis, causality), abstract-logical and tabular methods are used. Results. The importance of researching methodological provisions to analysis of efficiency of functioning of logistics system of the enterprise are proven. The key criteria of the efficiency of functioning of logistics system of the enterprise are determined. The objects, subjects, main tasks, directions, principles, methods, information base of analysis of efficiency of functioning of logistics system of the enterprise are substantiated. An algorithm for analyzing the efficiency of functioning of logistics system of the enterprise is developed. The directions of the analysis are highlighted and characterized. The main indicators of efficiency of functioning of logistics system of the enterprise are systematized and grouped according to the directions of analysis. Conclusion. Based on the results of analysis the efficiency of functioning of logistics system of the enterprise, strategic prospects for its optimization are developed and the most optimal management solutions for further development are determined. Further research should focus on developing strategic and tactical vectors of increasing the efficiency of functioning of logistics system of the enterprise.

Коммуникативно-речевое развитие старших дошкольников с неродным русским языком в условиях русскоязычной среды детского сада

The purpose of the study is to develop and implement the content of correctional and developmental activities for the communicative and speech development of senior preschool children with a non-native Russian language in the Russian-speaking environment of a preschool educational organization. The article examines the problems of child bilingualism from the point of view of pedagogy, sociolinguistics, and speech therapy. The paper presents theoretical (analysis, generalization and systematization of approaches to determining the communicative and speech skills of senior preschoolers with a non-native Russian language) and empirical (non-included observation, diagnostic situations, conversation, quantitative and qualitative processing of research results) research methods. The results of the diagnosis of the communicative and speech skills of senior preschoolers with a non-native Russian language allowed the author to identify the dominance of a low level. The scientific novelty of this study is that it adds to our understanding of how children learn languages. It explains how to assess the communication and language skills of older preschoolers who speak a language other than Russian as their first language. It also suggests methods for helping these children improve their communication skills by immersing them in a Russian-speaking environment, practicing conversations in Russian in typical situations, and playing language games. The effectiveness of these methods is shown by the positive results of the control experiment.

Quantitative and qualitative 4-point express assessment of soldiers’ body weight according to nonlinear regression equations

The goal of the research is to improve the assessing system of physical fitness of military personnel. Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization; interpolation; method of least squares; regression analysis. Material: the ratings of the 4-point assessment of servicemen and service women readiness of the Armed Forces of Ukraine were obtained according to the requirements of the 100-point ECTS scale. Linear and non-linear regression equations were used to determine the accuracy of scoring for quantitative and qualitative indicators of the body weight of women and men of different height, age and body constitution. Results. It was established that the 4-point assessment of body weight of soldiers according to the rating requirements from ‘excellent, A’ level to ‘unsatisfactory, F’ level determines the quality of the nonlinear regression equation, which is inferior to the maximum possible selection (D = 94.57%) and has accuracy, which is lower than the high one (Ā = 6.88%). Also, the number of calculated points for servicemen and servicewomen body weight was calculated with the most successful selection of the nonlinear regression equation (D = 100%) and its maximum accuracy (Ā = 0%). Conclusions. The proposed method made it possible to obtain the levels of preparedness, to determine their accuracy according to the 4-point assessment of the body weight of women and men, and to achieve the equivalence of its qualitative and quantitative indicators with respect to the requirements of the 100-point rating scale.

KEY PRINCIPLES OF FUNDAMENTALIZATION ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF KNOWLEDGE OF FUTURE PHYSICS TEACHERS

The article defines and characterizes a number of key principles of fundamentalization of the assessment of the quality of knowledge of future physics teachers: effective monitoring, generalization of knowledge, complexity, phasing, technological innovations, strategic planning, active use of scientific and pedagogical knowledge. Thus, the principle of effective monitoring involves taking into account three main aspects of monitoring, which are important in the context of improving the quality of student training in the university environment (organizational-management, procedural-didactic, intra-personal) and implements a number of management functions of monitoring the quality of knowledge of future physics teachers through planning and forecasting, organizational leadership, administrative activities, motivational measures, control and diagnostic measures, information analysis. The principle of generalization of knowledge as a key principle of foundationalization of the assessment of the quality of knowledge of future physics teachers is aimed at determining the necessary minimum knowledge that will allow the specialist to successfully solve the professional tasks facing him in modern society. The principle of complexity provides orientation to the evaluation of the quality of the educational process by components (target, motivational, content, operational-activity, control-regulatory, evaluation-resultative) and compliance with a number of requirements when evaluating the quality of knowledge of future physics teachers (planning, systematicity and systematicity, objectivity, openness and transparency, economy, subject matter, taking into account the individual capabilities of students, unity of requirements). The principle of phasing as a principle of foundationalization of the quality of knowledge assessment of future physics teachers implies that this process should be considered as the creation of a holistic system of evaluation of the professional activity of future physics teachers, which meets the standard of higher education, which includes the professionalization stage, the foundationalization stage and the stage of practical readiness. The principle of technological innovation involves the selection of new methods, means and forms of organization for assessing the quality of knowledge of future physics teachers, thereby designing an innovative system for assessing the fundamental knowledge of physics students. The principle of strategic planning provides: the orientation of the process of professional training of physics teachers on the development of the personality of the future specialist through the creation of an objective evaluation system in the context of academic integrity; development of a strategic evaluation plan; compliance of the didactic process with modern trends in the development of science, technology and educational and scientific trends; optimal combination of various forms and methods of assessing the quality of knowledge of future physics teachers; rational application of digital tools for assessing the quality of knowledge at various stages of training at the university; compliance of the training results of future physics teachers with the requirements set forth by the field of their professional activity, ensuring their competitiveness in the market of educational services. The principle of active use of scientific and pedagogical knowledge provides that the creation of a system for assessing the quality of knowledge of future physics teachers should reflect the current state of pedagogical science in the context of monitoring the quality of education, predict future directions and prospects for development, as well as consider cause-and-effect relationships, interrelationships and the influence of the content of professional training on program results at the level of theoretical generalizations. It was found that the process of assessing the quality of knowledge of future physics teachers is planned as follows: conduct an analysis of the course (each educational component) to develop an assessment that will meet the goals and methods of the course; drawing up a calendar plan for control, which covers different stages of training: before the start, during training and at the end of the course; the choice of control methods that correspond to the goals and phases of control; selection of assessment tools, such as tests, surveys, problem-solving, in particular, tools based on the use of digital technologies; determining the weight of the current control in the final result.

Precise and Omnidirectional Opto-Thermo-Elastic Actuation in Van Der Waals Contacting Systems.

Actuation of micro-objects along unconstrained trajectories in van der Waals contacting systems-in the same capacity as optical tweezers to manipulate particles in fluidic environments-remains a formidable challenge due to the lack of effective methods to overcome and exploit surface friction. Herein, a technique that aims to resolve this difficulty is proposed. This study shows that, by utilizing a moderate power beam of light, micro-objects adhered on planar solid substrates can be precisely guided to move in arbitrary directions, realizing sub-nanometer resolution across extended surfaces. The underlying mechanism is the interplay between surface friction and pulsed opto-thermo-elastic deformations, and to render a biased motion with off-centroid light illumination. This technique enables high-precision assembly, separation control of nanogaps, regulation of rotation angles in various material-substrate systems, whose capability is further tested in reconfigurable construction of optoelectronic devices. With simple set-up and theoretical generality, opto-thermo-elastic actuation opens up an avenue for versatile optical manipulation in the solid domain.

Adaptation of logistics managers' competency models to industry 5.0 challenges

Radical geopolitical and geoeconomic transformations in the global economy are disrupting established economic ties and traditional routes of global commodity movement. Rapid technological changes, accelerated development of e-commerce, omnichannel strategies, and the sharing economy have contributed to increased demand for automation, robotization, and digitalization of logistics activities and supply chain management. These factors prompt the renewal and adaptation of the competencies set for logistics managers and, consequently, academic educational programs. The aim of the conducted research was to identify the impact of Industry 5.0 on the formation of the logistics personnel competency system, and to develop a new competency model considering rapid changes in technology, market conditions, consumer sentiments, and the regulatory environment. The research methodology combines theoretical analysis (theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, comparison, and grouping) with empirical research. As a result, existing and future trends in the logistics industry development were summarized, a comparative analysis of the competencies of logistics managers and engineers was conducted, and a tendency for their convergence under the influence of the transition from Industry 4.0 to 5.0 was identified. The developed comprehensive competency model for logistics managers in the context of Industry 5.0 allowed for improving the content and structure of the "Logistics" educational program at the National Technical University of Ukraine, determining the ratio between general and professional skills, the set of necessary tools and technologies required for developing and implementing logistics solutions, stimulating students to improve their knowledge, skills, and abilities, as well as orienting them towards effective professional activity in the future. Future research is reasonable to focus on evaluating new technological courses' effectiveness, developing interdisciplinary teaching methods, integrating practical experience, incorporating sustainability and social responsibility, and creating innovative assessment techniques to ensure curricula meet evolving labor market demands and prepare students for real-world challenges and new Industry 5.0 requirements.

On the Blueshift of the Andromeda Galaxy

The observed spectral shift of galaxies is usually interpreted using the Doppler effect. However, attention should be paid to other possible mechanisms of spectral shift. For example, suppose baryon matter evolves due to interaction with the carrier of dark energy. In that case, the objects that pass through longer evolutionary paths compared to our galaxy will be blue-shifted for us. Since the evolutionary spectral shift is a rather weak effect, it can only be detected at small cosmological distances, where the redshift due to the expansion of the Universe is not very large. From this point of view, the Andromeda Nebula is undoubtedly an appropriate example. It is one of the main members of the Local Group of galaxies and has a small blueshift. Here we review observational data and theoretical generalizations in favor of interpreting the blueshift of our neighboring galaxy as an evolutionary effect.

PSYCHOLOGİCAL FEATURES OF SELF-REGULATİON MECHANİSMS İN STRESSFUL SİTUATİONS

The article is devoted to the study of the psychological characteristics of self-regulation mechanisms in students in stressful situations. In the article, the theoretical analysis and generalization of works related to the problem, a set of psychodiagnostic methods were used. The research base was the requirements of Odlar Yurdu University and various faculties of Baku State University. 135 second and third year students aged 18-23 participated in the study. A systematic approach was applied to the description and study of the research object for the reliability and validity of the research results. Mathematical methods were used for empirical data processing. Thus, according to the results of the correlation analysis, a relationship between stress resistance and self-regulation was found among the respondents. We see a negative relationship (r≤0.01) between stress resistance and self-regulation and one of its styles. This shows that there is a correlation between stress resistance, self-esteem and emotional stability and self-regulation. As self-regulation increases, the impact of stressful situations decreases. We believe that the present analysis can contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying successful and unsuccessful stress regulation. It should be taken into account that this will help prevent mental disorders and improve treatment.

Architectural and artistic image of a historical and memorial complex in the Arkhangelsk Oblast

The study focuses on the problem of сreating a historical and memorial complex on the Mudyug Island in the Arkhangelsk Oblast. A new architectural and artistic image of the socio-cultural environment is created, which bears spirituality and perpetuates the memory of the last century’s tragic events. This is achieved by a wide toolkit of the architectural science, a review of literature sources review, and a theoretical generalization of the global experience. S.G. Shabiev conducted field surveys of memorial complexes not only in the Russian Federation, but also in Australia, Canada, China, and European countries. Moreover, an architectural and landscape analysis of the designed area was carried out, along with a study of potential tourist routes and connection to the continental part. The main elements of the site development were identified, with the center of the composition located in the Belaya Bashnya lighthouse area. As a result, the authors developed a conceptual design plan of the complex with an original master plan structure based on three lighthouse beams. These projected ground-level beams include standalone memorial facilities and culminate with the elements of a café, a viewing platform, and a pier on the Dvina Bay shore. All the beams also comprise well-maintained fields, small architectural forms, open-air exhibition spaces, and concert venues for literary events on the historical themes of the complex. Furthermore, the conceptual design plan provides for the construction of a 125-place hotel next to the lighthouse. The study demonstrates an unparalleled architectural and planning solution on the basis of innovative techniques using abstract spaces of the museum complex. These spaces represent sculptural forms, artistically reflecting historical events of the island.

ВПЛИВ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ПІДХОДІВ НА ФІЗИЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ШКОЛЯРІВ З ВАДАМИ СЛУХУ В ПРОЦЕСІ АДАПТИВНОГО ФІЗИЧНОГОВИХОВАННЯ

Introduction. Correcting the physical development of students with hearing impairments requires an individual approach and the use of specialized methods and tools. Each student with hearing loss may have unique needs and capabilities. Therefore, it is important to create individualized physical education programs that take into account the specific limitations and capabilities of each student. It is important to develop and implement innovative approaches for children with hearing impairments that would have an impact on the physical development of schoolchildren along with the correctional and health-improving orientation of the entire process of adaptive physical education. The purpose of the study is to substantiate and implement an innovative methodology of adaptive physical culture for the correction of physical development of children with hearing impairments in the process of adaptive physical education. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalisation of scientific literature data, sociological research methods, somatometric and physiometric research methods, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The developed algorithm consisted of comparing two groups of 15-year- old schoolchildren with hearing impairment (boys (n=14), girls (n=12)) (control and experimental groups). Difference of content of classes in two groups of pupils was in means and methodical approaches to solution of correctional tasks in the process of physical education. In the first group, all training sessions were conducted in accordance with the physical education programme. In the second group, the methodology of correction of physical development included the following forms of training: exercises of different structure and focus to improve physical development indicators; increasing the level of functional capabilities of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems; balancing the psycho-emotional state (correctional games, tourist training skills, various types of health and recreational physical activity, improving the development of fine motor skills, exercises aimed at correcting and lagging behind in physical development), as well as an innovative program developed taking into account the needs and capabilities of children with hearing impairments. The innovative programme contained interactive exercises, included video tutorials with subtitles, games and tasks that can stimulate physical development, coordination and joint interaction.Conclusions. As a result, the implementation of the proposed methodology is confirmed by positive changes in the level of physical activity, improvement of general health and correction of physical development in the process of adaptive physical education of schoolchildren with hearing impairments.

Event representation via contrastive learning with prototype based hard negative sampling

Event representing methods usually use external knowledge to construct potentially more useful positive or negative samples, while neglecting the importance of sampling them during the training process. In this paper, we propose a prototype based negative sampling method to sample useful negatives and better learn the semantic classes. This sampling method has theoretical generalization guarantees and handles false negatives in a natural way. Furthermore, we apply a parametric augmentation strategy to generate positive pairs, which can alleviate BERT embedding bias and decouple the interrelation of augmented positive pairs. Experimental results show that our unsupervised approach has a 0.8%–5.1% improvement over state-of-the-art methods on hard similarity dataset, and a 2.62% improvement on the MCNC dataset. Our proposed method provides a novel insight into negative sampling and augmentation for event representation.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

The agricultural sector in Ukraine plays a pivotal role in the country's socio-economic stability and food security. However, the full-scale war with Russia has significantly impacted this sector, necessitating comprehensive organizational and economic transformations to restore and enhance its functionality in the post-war period. This study aims to propose practical recommendations for the organizational and economic transformations required in the agricultural sector of Ukraine during the post-war economic revival period. The research employs a combination of general scientific methods, including abstract-logical reasoning, monographic and terminological analysis, theoretical generalization, economic and statistical analysis, abstraction, and formalization. These methods facilitate the substantiation of theoretical approaches, formation of conceptual frameworks, identification of development trends, and justification of strategic directions for the agricultural sector's transformation. Despite the crisis induced by the war, the agricultural sector in Ukraine has demonstrated financial stability and adaptability. In 2022, agriculture contributed 8.6% to GDP, though this was a decline from previous years. The sector's share in export structure increased, becoming a crucial source of foreign currency inflows despite logistical challenges. The study identifies structural issues such as over-reliance on low-value-added exports, technological dependencies, and economic vulnerabilities tied to the raw material orientation. Recommendations include diversifying production, enhancing value-added processing, fostering technological advancements, and creating investment funds for structural economic reforms. Further research should explore the long-term impacts of proposed transformations, the role of technological integration in agriculture, and the development of policies that balance agricultural productivity with environmental sustainability. Additionally, investigating the effectiveness of investment funds and economic incentives in achieving structural changes will be critical to ensuring the resilience and growth of Ukraine's agricultural sector.

FOOD SECURITY: DEFINITION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT

Objective. The objective of the article is to study the evolution of the concept of «food security» and to substantiate the feasibility of forming new approaches to its definition. Methods. The study uses general scientific and research methods: theoretical generalization and comparison (to summarize the definitions of approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of «food security» and changes in the definition of «food security» from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), analysis and synthesis (to determine the factors influencing the change in the concept of «food security»), systematization of definitions (to determine similar views of scientists). Results. The article examines the concept of «food security» as an important socio-economic category that has been transformed over the millennia, reflecting the means of preserving humanity from hunger to meet individual needs at the present stage of development and summarizes its definition. Comparing the definition of «food security» according to the FAO and leading scholars such as Megan Carney, Raj Patel, Shenggen Fan and others, it is necessary to emphasize the areas in which this concept is considered and supplemented, namely social justice, economic development, sustainable agriculture, environmental sustainability, etc. Scientists emphasize that food security is not limited to physical access to food, but also includes the right kind of food, social justice in the distribution of resources and access to them, and the need to preserve the environment. That is, on the one hand, food security is a broad enough concept to be globally oriented, taking into account the needs and conditions of different countries and regions of the world, and on the other hand, at the individual level, it reflects physical, social, and economic access to safe and nutritious food for any person in any time of need, which meets dietary needs and food preferences, which, in turn, ensure an active, fulfilling and healthy life. Thus, the FAO's definition of food security is more general and globally oriented, while the views of the scientists considered in the research provide a more specific and comprehensive approach. In order to address the issue of food security effectively it is important to take into account not only physical access to food but also a wide range of social, economic and environmental factors.

LEVELS OF FOOD SECURITY: DEFINITION AND FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THEM

Objective. The objective of the study is to determine the levels of food security (individual, household, community, national and global) and to identify the factors that affect food security at each level. Methods. The study used general scientific methods and research techniques: theoretical generalization and comparison (to summarize the definitions of each level of food security), analysis and synthesis (to identify the characteristic factors of influence at each level of food security), deduction-induction (to substantiate each level of food security). Results. It has been determined that the allocation of levels (individual, household, community, national and global) within the theory of food security is based on the definition of food availability, quality and safety. The main factors that affect food security at each level are identified. At the individual level: physical access to food, dietary diversity, social and economic determinants of food access, the broader context of food systems and policies; at the household level: access to adequate food, stability, affordability, nutritional adequacy, utilization, cultural acceptability, sustainability; at the community level: access to food, food availability, food quality, food system sustainability, social justice, food production, emergency reserves, and food security. Improving food security requires concerted efforts at all levels. Global initiatives must be supported by national policies that take into account local circumstances and needs. It is also important to provide support at the individual level through increased income, education and access to social services. A comprehensive approach that combines these measures can significantly improve food security and ensure a healthy future for all people.

Methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of system solutions in the oil and gas industry: approaches and practices

This article is dedicated to the study of the degree of development of the system approach in literary sources. The work highlights the issue that the system approach and its individual elements are not sufficiently and fully utilised in activities related to the development of oil reservoirs. The essence of the system approach is identified, stating that it is a method based on considering individual processes and objects in the development of an oil field as interacting and closely interrelated elements. The object of the study is the system approach and the methodology of assessment in its use. Methodology: research of scientific-methodological literature, methods of inductive-deductive reasoning, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, and theoretical generalization. In accordance with the reviewed sources, the following conclusions are drawn: the development and operation of a specific field are carried out according to the type of two-circuit system controlled by enterprise workers and a research institute; it is determined that the most promising approach would be the use of 3D hydrodynamic models, which allow for the consideration of data on vertical exchange processes or filtration flows; the proposed EPS concept minimises inaccuracies in the field of oil and gas science and has a positive impact on the stability and hierarchy of knowledge of subsurface formations, the formation of 3D models based on this, and the accuracy of calculating reserves.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH MONITORING OF THE EUROPEAN TOURISM ECOSYSTEM GREEN AND DIGITAL TRANSITION

Objective. The objective of the article is to generalize and analyze the theoretical and methodological basis of the green and digital transition of the European tourism ecosystem in the context of the implementation of the renewed industrial strategy of the EU. Methods. To achieve the outlined goal, such methods of empirical and theoretical research were used: literature review, theoretical generalization (to identify, collect and analyze modern research on the digitalization and greening of tourism), a descriptive method (to highlight the methodology of tracking ecological, digital and socio-economic aspects of tourism according to using harmonized data and indicators for the European tourism ecosystem), data visualization (for visualization and grouping of material). Results. Multi-annual EU Work Plan of the European Agenda for Tourism 2030 is characterized in five priority areas, namely: "Enabled policy and governance frameworks", "Green transition", "Digital transition", "Sustainability and inclusion", "Skills and transition support". The methodology of monitoring the green and digital transition of the European tourism ecosystem using the online tool "EU Tourism Dashboard" is highlighted. The indicators of the panel, which are grouped according to the priority areas: "Green transition", "Digital transition" as well as the blocks "Socio-economic indicators" and "Main descriptors of tourism" are summarized, the sources of information for the calculation of indicators are highlighted. The main tools for financing the green and digital transition and increasing the sustainability of EU tourism are substantiated, namely: private investments and loans, sources of EU funding for tourism, EU technical support for the transformation of the tourism ecosystem, programs at the national and regional levels within the framework of cohesion policy.

FORECASTING THE VALUE OF IRON ORE RAW MATERIALS ON THE BASIS OF STATISTICAL TIME SERIES ANALYSIS

Objective. The objective of the present article is the development of evaluation of the effectiveness of forecasting the time series of cost indicators as stochastic using known methods. Methods. The following methods and techniques of cognition were used in the research process: theoretical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, generalization and systematization, statistical methods of time series analysis. Results. The article presents the stages of forming a statistical analysis of a time series. It has been established that in modern conditions of evaluating the effectiveness of economic research, a more thorough analysis of the dependence of value indicators on time is necessary. Their mathematical models are usually used to describe the behavior of physical objects. If a model based on physical laws can be obtained, such a model would be deterministic. At the same time, in practice, even such a model is not completely deterministic, since a number of unaccounted factors may participate in it. For such objects, it is not possible to offer a deterministic model that allows accurate calculation of the future behavior of the object. Nevertheless, it is possible to propose a model that allows you to calculate the probability that some future value will lie in a certain interval. Such a model is called stochastic. Time series models of commodity prices in the time domain are actually stochastic. An important class of stochastic models for describing time series are stationary models. They are based on the assumption that the process remains in equilibrium with respect to a constant average level, which is confirmed by studying the time series of the cost of goods in the time domain.Mathematical models of stochastic time series were built based on the study of the real dependence of indicators on time. In practical terms, this will improve the economic performance of the enterprise. For practical implementation, a stochastic time series of the cost indicator was constructed; an economic-mathematical model for the value indicator based on a time series was formed for the purpose of forecasting. The quality of the forecast is determined not only by the forecast error, but also by the number of parameters included in the model of the forecasting function. Analysis of the data shows that the smallest forecast error occurs for the analytical trend function. Along with this, the trend function has six parameters. If we take into account the number of parameters, then the best method will be the moving average, which has an error variance of 54 with one parameter.

THE EU COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY TRANSFORMATION: FROM THE 2020 REFORM TO THE 2023 STRATEGY

Objective. The objective of the article is the assessment of the EU 2000-2023 common agricultural policy evaluation, key priorities and changes identification. Methods. The following general scientific methods of cognition are applied in the study: theoretical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, grouping, abstraction. Results. According to the results of the study, the features of the formation, implementation and transformation of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU (EU SAP) are determined. The differences in the reform of the EU SAP in accordance with Agenda 2000 have been identified, namely the focus on reducing the negative consequences of EU enlargement, meeting the terms of new WTO rounds, reducing the cost of supporting the sector, resulting in a further shift from price support to direct payments, establishing a ceiling of direct payments for certain types of agricultural products, supporting rural development on the condition of preserving and expanding environmental and recreational functions, integrating environmental goals into the CPP. The features of SAP 2023-2027 and significant differences from previous periods have been established, namely, SAP is based on the Strategic Plans of the EU Member States; transition from compliance with norms and requirements in the process of SAP implementation to performance is planned; the main tools of SAP (direct payments, interventions for certain sectors of the market and support for the development of rural areas) are preserved, at the same time the mechanisms for their application are being transformed and the volumes are changing; areas of activity of the Member States are clearly defined, each Strategic Plan sets goals for expected results using common EU indicators, however target values, interventions reflect the needs and guidelines of EU member states; mechanisms for implementing the principle of justice, strengthening the redistributive effect are planned; attention to the introduction of innovative practices and technologies in order to increase agricultural productivity is increased; tools for supporting, preserving the environment and countering climate change, strengthening the socio-economic structure of rural areas are introduced.

TRENDS IN ECO-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

Objective. The article aims at analyzing the current trends in the development of ecological tourism in Ukraine under conditions of the russian-Ukrainian war. Methods. The results of the study are obtained applying the following methods: theoretical generalisation and system-structural method (to study the theoretical foundations of ecotourism), analysis (to analyse the main trends in the development of ecotourism in Ukraine), statistical method (to process statistical information), classification method (to divide the regions by ecotourism potential), abstract-theoretical method (to formulate theoretical conclusions). Results. The current trends in the development of ecological tourism in Ukraine are analysed according to two main directions: ecological tourism within and outside protected areas. The main organisational forms of ecological tourism are identified, including ecological tourist routes and trails, cultural and educational ecological excursions, recreation in eco-hotels of various types, active mountain and water eco-recreation. The author analyses the security features of ecotourism under the conditions of the russian-Ukrainian war, the activities of the international certification programmes "GreenKey" and "BlueFlag", and the most popular ecotourism sites in Ukraine. As a result of the analysis, it is proposed to conditionally divide the regions of Ukraine, according to the existing ecotourism potential, into 4 categories: regions with high ecotourism development potential, regions with medium ecotourism development potential, regions with low ecotourism development potential and regions where ecotourism is impossible to organise.

RESEARCH OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TOURISM: THEORETICAL BASIS AND ANALYTICAL ASPECTS

Objective. The objective of the present article is to generalize and analyze the theoretical foundations of international business tourism, as well as to identify and study the basic trends of its development. Methods. To achieve the defined goal, such methods of empirical and theoretical research were used as a literature review, theoretical generalization (to identify, collect and analyze modern studies devoted to various aspects of the development of international business tourism); comparative analysis, comparison (to compare inbound tourism by the purpose of the visit in the world for different studied periods; to compare the inbound flows of international business tourism by different countries of the world; to analyze inbound tourism by business and professional purpose of travel in the countries of the Central /Eastern Europe, identifying common and opposing trends); data visualization (for visualization and grouping of material). Results. The obtained results of the research allowed: 1) to conclude that the volume of business tourism in the world in the comparative years of 2019 and 2021 did not change and was equal to 11% of the total number of trips made; 2) to determine, on the basis of a comparative analysis of selected countries of the world, that there is a significant excess of travel for personal purposes over travel for business and professional purposes in all analyzed countries; 3) prove on the basis of the analysis of inbound tourism by business and professional purpose of travel in the countries of Central/Eastern Europe (according to the classification of UN Tourism) for the period 2016-2022 that the common trend for all analyzed countries, with the exception of Hungary, is a decrease the amount of income for business and professional purposes for the analyzed period; 4) to establish the leading countries of Central/Eastern Europe in terms of the volume of arrivals for business and professional purposes of travel, including Poland, Hungary and Bulgaria, and to find out that Ukraine has the smallest number of travelers.