Theoretical Generalization Research Articles

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

The agricultural sector in Ukraine plays a pivotal role in the country's socio-economic stability and food security. However, the full-scale war with Russia has significantly impacted this sector, necessitating comprehensive organizational and economic transformations to restore and enhance its functionality in the post-war period. This study aims to propose practical recommendations for the organizational and economic transformations required in the agricultural sector of Ukraine during the post-war economic revival period. The research employs a combination of general scientific methods, including abstract-logical reasoning, monographic and terminological analysis, theoretical generalization, economic and statistical analysis, abstraction, and formalization. These methods facilitate the substantiation of theoretical approaches, formation of conceptual frameworks, identification of development trends, and justification of strategic directions for the agricultural sector's transformation. Despite the crisis induced by the war, the agricultural sector in Ukraine has demonstrated financial stability and adaptability. In 2022, agriculture contributed 8.6% to GDP, though this was a decline from previous years. The sector's share in export structure increased, becoming a crucial source of foreign currency inflows despite logistical challenges. The study identifies structural issues such as over-reliance on low-value-added exports, technological dependencies, and economic vulnerabilities tied to the raw material orientation. Recommendations include diversifying production, enhancing value-added processing, fostering technological advancements, and creating investment funds for structural economic reforms. Further research should explore the long-term impacts of proposed transformations, the role of technological integration in agriculture, and the development of policies that balance agricultural productivity with environmental sustainability. Additionally, investigating the effectiveness of investment funds and economic incentives in achieving structural changes will be critical to ensuring the resilience and growth of Ukraine's agricultural sector.

Рrospects of health and medical tourism clusterization in Ukraine

Ukrainian health and medical tourism needs a change in strategic planning approaches due, firstly, to the outdated post-Soviet organization of mass rehabilitation and sanatorium-resort treatment, and, secondly, in connection with the expected changes in the structure of consumers and their advantages, both as a result of the full-scale invasion of the russian federation. The subject of the study is the clustering processes in the field of health and medical tourism of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the methodical approach to the clustering of health and medical tourism based on spatial modeling of the relevant resource and material base. The task of the research: substantiating the main directions of health and medical tourism development; generalization of statistical data on the resource and material base based on the method of cartographic visualization; development of proposals for the activation of cluster processes based on statistical groupings of regions. The following methods were used: abstract (theoretical generalizations, formulation of conclusions), systematic approach, method of structural generalization, statistical grouping, graphic method. The following results were obtained: on the basis of statistical analysis, it was proposed to divide the regions of Ukraine into the following groups: the first - seaside regions, specialization – family and children's recreational and health tourism; the second – Volyn and Carpathian region, specialization - sanatorium-resort and rehabilitation vacation with an emphasis on inbound tourism; the third – capital and central-eastern regions, specialization – medical tourism; the fourth – regions without a pronounced potential for health and medical tourism, in total make up 46.47% of the area. The stages for the clustering policy implementation of health and medical tourism in Ukraine have been developed. Conclusions: to improve the management of health and medical tourism, a clustering tool is proposed. The regions of Ukraine are divided into four groups according to the level of resource and material base development, each of which has a clear specialization and target tourist groups, as well as the direction of strategic development. This improves the strategic promotion of domestic health and medical tourist destinations at the inbound and outbound directions.

FOOD SECURITY: DEFINITION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT

Objective. The objective of the article is to study the evolution of the concept of «food security» and to substantiate the feasibility of forming new approaches to its definition. Methods. The study uses general scientific and research methods: theoretical generalization and comparison (to summarize the definitions of approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of «food security» and changes in the definition of «food security» from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), analysis and synthesis (to determine the factors influencing the change in the concept of «food security»), systematization of definitions (to determine similar views of scientists). Results. The article examines the concept of «food security» as an important socio-economic category that has been transformed over the millennia, reflecting the means of preserving humanity from hunger to meet individual needs at the present stage of development and summarizes its definition. Comparing the definition of «food security» according to the FAO and leading scholars such as Megan Carney, Raj Patel, Shenggen Fan and others, it is necessary to emphasize the areas in which this concept is considered and supplemented, namely social justice, economic development, sustainable agriculture, environmental sustainability, etc. Scientists emphasize that food security is not limited to physical access to food, but also includes the right kind of food, social justice in the distribution of resources and access to them, and the need to preserve the environment. That is, on the one hand, food security is a broad enough concept to be globally oriented, taking into account the needs and conditions of different countries and regions of the world, and on the other hand, at the individual level, it reflects physical, social, and economic access to safe and nutritious food for any person in any time of need, which meets dietary needs and food preferences, which, in turn, ensure an active, fulfilling and healthy life. Thus, the FAO's definition of food security is more general and globally oriented, while the views of the scientists considered in the research provide a more specific and comprehensive approach. In order to address the issue of food security effectively it is important to take into account not only physical access to food but also a wide range of social, economic and environmental factors.

LEVELS OF FOOD SECURITY: DEFINITION AND FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THEM

Objective. The objective of the study is to determine the levels of food security (individual, household, community, national and global) and to identify the factors that affect food security at each level. Methods. The study used general scientific methods and research techniques: theoretical generalization and comparison (to summarize the definitions of each level of food security), analysis and synthesis (to identify the characteristic factors of influence at each level of food security), deduction-induction (to substantiate each level of food security). Results. It has been determined that the allocation of levels (individual, household, community, national and global) within the theory of food security is based on the definition of food availability, quality and safety. The main factors that affect food security at each level are identified. At the individual level: physical access to food, dietary diversity, social and economic determinants of food access, the broader context of food systems and policies; at the household level: access to adequate food, stability, affordability, nutritional adequacy, utilization, cultural acceptability, sustainability; at the community level: access to food, food availability, food quality, food system sustainability, social justice, food production, emergency reserves, and food security. Improving food security requires concerted efforts at all levels. Global initiatives must be supported by national policies that take into account local circumstances and needs. It is also important to provide support at the individual level through increased income, education and access to social services. A comprehensive approach that combines these measures can significantly improve food security and ensure a healthy future for all people.

Methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of system solutions in the oil and gas industry: approaches and practices

This article is dedicated to the study of the degree of development of the system approach in literary sources. The work highlights the issue that the system approach and its individual elements are not sufficiently and fully utilised in activities related to the development of oil reservoirs. The essence of the system approach is identified, stating that it is a method based on considering individual processes and objects in the development of an oil field as interacting and closely interrelated elements. The object of the study is the system approach and the methodology of assessment in its use. Methodology: research of scientific-methodological literature, methods of inductive-deductive reasoning, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, and theoretical generalization. In accordance with the reviewed sources, the following conclusions are drawn: the development and operation of a specific field are carried out according to the type of two-circuit system controlled by enterprise workers and a research institute; it is determined that the most promising approach would be the use of 3D hydrodynamic models, which allow for the consideration of data on vertical exchange processes or filtration flows; the proposed EPS concept minimises inaccuracies in the field of oil and gas science and has a positive impact on the stability and hierarchy of knowledge of subsurface formations, the formation of 3D models based on this, and the accuracy of calculating reserves.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH MONITORING OF THE EUROPEAN TOURISM ECOSYSTEM GREEN AND DIGITAL TRANSITION

Objective. The objective of the article is to generalize and analyze the theoretical and methodological basis of the green and digital transition of the European tourism ecosystem in the context of the implementation of the renewed industrial strategy of the EU. Methods. To achieve the outlined goal, such methods of empirical and theoretical research were used: literature review, theoretical generalization (to identify, collect and analyze modern research on the digitalization and greening of tourism), a descriptive method (to highlight the methodology of tracking ecological, digital and socio-economic aspects of tourism according to using harmonized data and indicators for the European tourism ecosystem), data visualization (for visualization and grouping of material). Results. Multi-annual EU Work Plan of the European Agenda for Tourism 2030 is characterized in five priority areas, namely: "Enabled policy and governance frameworks", "Green transition", "Digital transition", "Sustainability and inclusion", "Skills and transition support". The methodology of monitoring the green and digital transition of the European tourism ecosystem using the online tool "EU Tourism Dashboard" is highlighted. The indicators of the panel, which are grouped according to the priority areas: "Green transition", "Digital transition" as well as the blocks "Socio-economic indicators" and "Main descriptors of tourism" are summarized, the sources of information for the calculation of indicators are highlighted. The main tools for financing the green and digital transition and increasing the sustainability of EU tourism are substantiated, namely: private investments and loans, sources of EU funding for tourism, EU technical support for the transformation of the tourism ecosystem, programs at the national and regional levels within the framework of cohesion policy.

FORECASTING THE VALUE OF IRON ORE RAW MATERIALS ON THE BASIS OF STATISTICAL TIME SERIES ANALYSIS

Objective. The objective of the present article is the development of evaluation of the effectiveness of forecasting the time series of cost indicators as stochastic using known methods. Methods. The following methods and techniques of cognition were used in the research process: theoretical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, generalization and systematization, statistical methods of time series analysis. Results. The article presents the stages of forming a statistical analysis of a time series. It has been established that in modern conditions of evaluating the effectiveness of economic research, a more thorough analysis of the dependence of value indicators on time is necessary. Their mathematical models are usually used to describe the behavior of physical objects. If a model based on physical laws can be obtained, such a model would be deterministic. At the same time, in practice, even such a model is not completely deterministic, since a number of unaccounted factors may participate in it. For such objects, it is not possible to offer a deterministic model that allows accurate calculation of the future behavior of the object. Nevertheless, it is possible to propose a model that allows you to calculate the probability that some future value will lie in a certain interval. Such a model is called stochastic. Time series models of commodity prices in the time domain are actually stochastic. An important class of stochastic models for describing time series are stationary models. They are based on the assumption that the process remains in equilibrium with respect to a constant average level, which is confirmed by studying the time series of the cost of goods in the time domain.Mathematical models of stochastic time series were built based on the study of the real dependence of indicators on time. In practical terms, this will improve the economic performance of the enterprise. For practical implementation, a stochastic time series of the cost indicator was constructed; an economic-mathematical model for the value indicator based on a time series was formed for the purpose of forecasting. The quality of the forecast is determined not only by the forecast error, but also by the number of parameters included in the model of the forecasting function. Analysis of the data shows that the smallest forecast error occurs for the analytical trend function. Along with this, the trend function has six parameters. If we take into account the number of parameters, then the best method will be the moving average, which has an error variance of 54 with one parameter.

THE EU COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY TRANSFORMATION: FROM THE 2020 REFORM TO THE 2023 STRATEGY

Objective. The objective of the article is the assessment of the EU 2000-2023 common agricultural policy evaluation, key priorities and changes identification. Methods. The following general scientific methods of cognition are applied in the study: theoretical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, grouping, abstraction. Results. According to the results of the study, the features of the formation, implementation and transformation of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU (EU SAP) are determined. The differences in the reform of the EU SAP in accordance with Agenda 2000 have been identified, namely the focus on reducing the negative consequences of EU enlargement, meeting the terms of new WTO rounds, reducing the cost of supporting the sector, resulting in a further shift from price support to direct payments, establishing a ceiling of direct payments for certain types of agricultural products, supporting rural development on the condition of preserving and expanding environmental and recreational functions, integrating environmental goals into the CPP. The features of SAP 2023-2027 and significant differences from previous periods have been established, namely, SAP is based on the Strategic Plans of the EU Member States; transition from compliance with norms and requirements in the process of SAP implementation to performance is planned; the main tools of SAP (direct payments, interventions for certain sectors of the market and support for the development of rural areas) are preserved, at the same time the mechanisms for their application are being transformed and the volumes are changing; areas of activity of the Member States are clearly defined, each Strategic Plan sets goals for expected results using common EU indicators, however target values, interventions reflect the needs and guidelines of EU member states; mechanisms for implementing the principle of justice, strengthening the redistributive effect are planned; attention to the introduction of innovative practices and technologies in order to increase agricultural productivity is increased; tools for supporting, preserving the environment and countering climate change, strengthening the socio-economic structure of rural areas are introduced.

TRENDS IN ECO-TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

Objective. The article aims at analyzing the current trends in the development of ecological tourism in Ukraine under conditions of the russian-Ukrainian war. Methods. The results of the study are obtained applying the following methods: theoretical generalisation and system-structural method (to study the theoretical foundations of ecotourism), analysis (to analyse the main trends in the development of ecotourism in Ukraine), statistical method (to process statistical information), classification method (to divide the regions by ecotourism potential), abstract-theoretical method (to formulate theoretical conclusions). Results. The current trends in the development of ecological tourism in Ukraine are analysed according to two main directions: ecological tourism within and outside protected areas. The main organisational forms of ecological tourism are identified, including ecological tourist routes and trails, cultural and educational ecological excursions, recreation in eco-hotels of various types, active mountain and water eco-recreation. The author analyses the security features of ecotourism under the conditions of the russian-Ukrainian war, the activities of the international certification programmes "GreenKey" and "BlueFlag", and the most popular ecotourism sites in Ukraine. As a result of the analysis, it is proposed to conditionally divide the regions of Ukraine, according to the existing ecotourism potential, into 4 categories: regions with high ecotourism development potential, regions with medium ecotourism development potential, regions with low ecotourism development potential and regions where ecotourism is impossible to organise.

RESEARCH OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TOURISM: THEORETICAL BASIS AND ANALYTICAL ASPECTS

Objective. The objective of the present article is to generalize and analyze the theoretical foundations of international business tourism, as well as to identify and study the basic trends of its development. Methods. To achieve the defined goal, such methods of empirical and theoretical research were used as a literature review, theoretical generalization (to identify, collect and analyze modern studies devoted to various aspects of the development of international business tourism); comparative analysis, comparison (to compare inbound tourism by the purpose of the visit in the world for different studied periods; to compare the inbound flows of international business tourism by different countries of the world; to analyze inbound tourism by business and professional purpose of travel in the countries of the Central /Eastern Europe, identifying common and opposing trends); data visualization (for visualization and grouping of material). Results. The obtained results of the research allowed: 1) to conclude that the volume of business tourism in the world in the comparative years of 2019 and 2021 did not change and was equal to 11% of the total number of trips made; 2) to determine, on the basis of a comparative analysis of selected countries of the world, that there is a significant excess of travel for personal purposes over travel for business and professional purposes in all analyzed countries; 3) prove on the basis of the analysis of inbound tourism by business and professional purpose of travel in the countries of Central/Eastern Europe (according to the classification of UN Tourism) for the period 2016-2022 that the common trend for all analyzed countries, with the exception of Hungary, is a decrease the amount of income for business and professional purposes for the analyzed period; 4) to establish the leading countries of Central/Eastern Europe in terms of the volume of arrivals for business and professional purposes of travel, including Poland, Hungary and Bulgaria, and to find out that Ukraine has the smallest number of travelers.

ACCOUNTING IN UKRAINE: TODAY'S CHALLENGES

The ongoing military conflict in Ukraine has inflicted significant damage on the nation’s infrastructure and economy, disrupting traditional business operations and necessitating a reevaluation of accounting standards and practices. This disruption highlights the critical role of accounting in assessing damage, supporting recovery efforts, and adapting to a rapidly changing economic environment. As such, understanding the modifications and challenges in accounting during this period is essential for ensuring business continuity and aiding national recovery. This article aims to analyze the organizational, legislative, and regulatory changes in accounting and financial reporting practices in Ukraine during the conflict. It seeks to evaluate how these adaptations address the specific needs of businesses operating under crisis conditions and contribute to sustaining economic activity during periods of instability. The study employs a combination of general scientific methods including analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and theoretical generalization. A comprehensive review of recent legislative acts and modifications to the Ukrainian accounting framework provides a detailed understanding of the current accounting landscape and its evolution in response to the conflict. The findings reveal significant legislative adaptations that have simplified tax systems, reduced tax rates, and introduced exemptions aimed at alleviating the burden on businesses. Additionally, the establishment of emergency-specific accounts for recording the financial impacts of the conflict has enhanced the clarity and accuracy of financial reporting. These changes have not only facilitated the immediate survival of businesses but also laid the groundwork for future economic stability and recovery. Looking forward, continuous adjustments and updates to accounting standards will be crucial as the situation in Ukraine evolves. Future research should focus on the long-term effectiveness of these adaptations and explore further modifications to support the resilience and recovery of the Ukrainian economy. The development of robust accounting practices remains a cornerstone of economic recovery and sustainability, serving as both a record of the impacts of the conflict and a foundation for rebuilding efforts. By documenting and analyzing these changes, this article contributes valuable insights into the role of accounting in crisis management and recovery, providing a resource for academics, practitioners, and policymakers involved in navigating and overcoming the challenges posed by the conflict in Ukraine.

A CLUSTER APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INTENSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE AND THE CONTENT OF HUMUS IN SOILS

Introduction. Today, global agricultural production is focused on obtaining a quick profit, despite the consequences of harmful anthropogenic influence on the state of land. First of all, this is manifested in the intensification of the crop industry, which is oriented towards increasing the acreage under energy agricultural crops. A similar situation is also typical for Ukraine and is aimed at increasing the energy potential of the crop industry. Methods. The methodological basis of the conducted research is a dialectical approach. It allows to assess the effect of economic laws in the direction of establishing trends and patterns of development of social and natural phenomena and processes. The cluster approach was used as a tool for targeted management of the ecological and economic components of the regional system of land use in the agricultural sector. A wide range of statistical analysis methods are used in the work, administrative regions are grouped into clusters according to the conducted research. The results of the conducted studies were evaluated using the Statistica 10.0 software package. The abstract-logical method was used to form conclusions and make theoretical generalizations. Results. The article examines the influence of intensification of agricultural activity on the quality of the soil, reveals the dependence of the humus content in the soil on the dynamics of the technically available energy potential of agricultural crops grown in Ukraine regionally, as well as the volume of production of organic fertilizers as a result of raising farm animals. Discussion. Research data reveal a high correlation coefficient of the studied indicators within individual territories. The results are expected to be used for planning the necessary measures in order to increase the ecological and economic efficiency of the agricultural land use system. Keywords: humus level, intensification, energy potential, organic fertilizers, soil quality, agricultural land use.

Overviewing Challenges and Solutions in Lean Manufacturing Implementation for Domestic Enterprises

Companies keep focus on enhancing the quality, efficiency, and customer satisfaction of their products and services while at the same time increasing their profits. Lean Manufacturing emerges as a potent strategy to address these imperatives via identifying and eliminating losses. Hence, it leads to optimized production processes and enhances overall performance of enterprises. This study presents an overview and analysis of lean manufacturing principles, implementation strategies, challenges, and economic benefits for Ukrainian enterprises. The main hypostatize of the paper was to investigate whether the Lean manufacturing approach is associated with different scope of businesses and whether it brings efficient outcomes for all of them. Based on conducted structured literature review the study highlights the versatility of lean methodologies across various industries and administrative processes. Employing scientific methods like comparative analysis and theoretical generalization, the research offers insights into the outcomes of lean implementations, including cost savings, productivity enhancements, and improved product quality for business organizations. The main outcomes of study underscore the critical role of strong leadership commitment and organizational culture in driving successful lean transformations. Through overviewing case studies and practical insights, the article illustrates real-world applications of lean manufacturing principles from different industries, exemplified by organizations AeroStar, Nova Poshta and Boeing. The paper is theoretical. However, the study advocates the practical importance of adoption of lean principles to achieve operational excellence for companies regardless of their scope of operating activities. Also, it offers suggestions for future research to explore emerging technologies' impact and cross-cultural comparisons in lean manufacturing practices.

Складові фахової кваліфікації вчителів фізичного виховання Китаю

The process of forming a specialist of a qualitatively new level is significantly restrained by the existing gap between the achievements of science and education, therefore the coefficient of useful use of scientific discoveries and new technologies is sharply reduced, fundamental knowledge is displaced from the content of educational processes by applied knowledge. An important type of professional activity is pedagogical, the specialty of which is a special psychological and pedagogical influence on students, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, on interests, inclinations, expectations, enthusiasm; the specificity of such activity consists in the pedagogical management of the process of personality formation and development. The purpose of the study is to determine the components of the professional qualification of physical education teachers in China. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of data from literary sources, sociological research methods (school health profiles lead physical education teacher questionnaire), mathematical statistics methods. Results. 50 Chinese physical education teachers (27 women and 23 men) took part in the study. The experiment was conducted at the Beijing School of Foreign Languages on the basis of the University of Foreign Languages (Beijing), Haidian Experimental School (Beijing), Tsinghua University High School (Beijing), Qingdao Yucai High School (Shandong-Qingdao Province). It was established that for professional growth and professional development, 50% of teachers note the need to expand the knowledge base on interventions involving children in activities with moderate and high-intensity organized motor activity; technologies aimed at the development of individual motor activity programs are of interest to 36% of the surveyed teachers; 26% of physical education teachers want to deepen their knowledge with the latest technologies for the formation of applied motor skills and skills in various sports activities. Conclusions. Therefore, the professional competence of the teacher is manifested in the set of professional knowledge, abilities and skills that reflect theoretical, practical and methodical preparation, the ability to their creative implementation in various social situations of practical professional activity in the field of physical education.

Методичні засади оцінки використання продовольчого потенціалу підприємств

The food potential of enterprises is a complex, multifaceted, multilevel category, with the regularities of its functioning revealed based on a complex systematic study. To assess the food potential of enterprises, a system of indicators is needed that considers the actual dynamics and theoretical prerequisites of the potential of the enterprise; the assessment of the food potential of enterprises is a purposeful process of determining in monetary terms the value of an object, considering the potential income that occurs in a certain period in the conditions of a competitive market. In modern conditions, various approaches are used: systemic, marketing, functional, reproductive, innovative, etc. Scientists distinguish comparative, cost-effective, and practical methods of assessing the use of the food potential of enterprises. The article aims to analyze the existing methods of using the food potential in modern conditions. In the research process, methods of comparison, analysis, and theoretical and logical generalization were applied. The dialectical research method became the methodological basis. The article highlights scientific approaches to assessing the use of the food potential of enterprises and clarifies the advantages and disadvantages of comparative, cost-effective, and practical methods; it has been proven that the use of food potential is influenced by principles related to land, houses, and structures; principles based on user needs; principles related to the market environment; principles of best and most effective use; a classification of factors influencing methods of food capital assessment is proposed: socio-economic; political; natural and climatic; financial and economic; structural and functional; social and labor; material and technical; market-situational, etc. Keywords: consumption method, region, food potential, factors, resources.

Концепція маркетингової логістики продукції рослинництва та її роль у економічній діяльності сільськогоспо-дарських підприємств

This study adopts a unique approach, drawing on the dialectical method of cognition, fundamental economic theory, marketing, and logistics principles, as well as the works of domestic and foreign scientists. The focus is on the formation of marketing logistics concepts for agricultural enterprises in crop production in the agri-food products market, presenting a fresh perspective that will intrigue and engage the reader. To carry out the research, various general and special scientific research methods were used, including theoretical generalization and comparison (formulation of conclusions and terminology in marketing logistics), monographic (in-depth study of marketing logistics), historical-retrospective (analysis of marketing logistics development), heuristic (assessment of marketing logistics processes in agri-food product markets), graphic (representation of research results and economic process trends), etc. The ‘supply chain of agro-food products’ and its economic significance are explained in detail, making the audience aware of its crucial role. The study establishes the crucial role of logistics in supplying agri-food products for ensuring global food security and promoting competitiveness in Ukraine’s agricultural sector. An analysis of the functions of marketing and logistics of agricultural enterprises revealed a strong connection between the two. Typically, this relationship is demonstrated through elements of the marketing mix, such as product and pricing policies and distribution policies. The product policy in marketing is identified as the most significant element of the marketing mix for agrarian sector enterprises. The author’s definition of the economic essence of the concept of “marketing logistics” is proposed, which performs the management function of coordinating and coordinating marketing and logistics activities in food supply chains and is focused on methods that ensure an adequate level of customer service to provide competitive advantages to enterprises of the agrarian sector in the markets of agri-food products. The concept of marketing logistics for an agricultural enterprise was developed to improve the effectiveness of logistics functions in agrarian formations and implement marketing-based logistics activities. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the long-term evolution (1961-2021) and price forecast (2023-2031) for agri-food products in real terms. It also offers insights into the structure of global consumption of agri-food products according to needs (food needs, animal feed, biofuel, other needs) in 2019-2021, and a forecast of its development for 2031 based on data from the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). This information will keep the audience informed and prepared for future developments in the agri-food industry. Keywords: marketing logistics, logistics supply chains of agri-food products, world prices for agri-food products, grain crops, corn, food safety, the complex marketing of an agricultural enterprise, the concept of marketing logistics of an agricultural enterprise.

Revealing educational potential of neural network Gliglish as a linguo-information technology in teaching oral communication to students at university

The relevance of the article is justified by the popularization of linguo-information technologies in education and their necessity in language teaching. This study identifies the potential of linguo-information technologies in teaching foreign language oral communication at a university. In this research, it is understood as teaching speaking, which is the aim of this study. Research methods include the analysis of theoretical sources, generalization and systematization of the key concepts and exercise modeling. A literature review on the research topic established that the current generation of students belong to the generation of digital natives, which affects the modern language teaching characteristics. The linguo-informational approach is significant to teaching language, consequently, linguo-information technologies are relevant. The article proposes a definition of linguo-information technologies for teaching foreign languages. To explore the potential of linguo-information technologies, we chose the neural network Gliglish.The practical part of the research involved exploring and analyzing the functionality of the Gliglish. While creating a system of exercises, we designed tasks of imitation and substitution to develop pronunciation, lexis and grammar skills, using this neural network, and described the methodology for working with these exercises. The outcome of the research revealed the potential of Gliglish in developing speech skills and abilities of students in a university.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МАРКЕТИНГОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

Abstract. Introduction. The article examines the economic concept of «price», «marketing pricing policy» and its interpretation by various domestic and foreign scientists. The process of the marketing policy of the enterprise's pricing and the use of various concepts of pricing, the choice of which depends on the characteristics of the product or service and the marketing goals of the enterprise, have been studied. Research in relation to a marketing pricing of enterprise policy is actual, as it will allow to decide the row of urgent problems, in particular, establishment of optimal price on products, increase of volumes of sales, increase of level of satisfaction of consumers and other and is especially appropriate in the conditions of strengthening of competition and introduction of new technologies in economic activity. The purpose of the article. Research of essence, maintenance and role of marketing pricing policy. Aims that can be attained by means of effective pricing policy. Metods. During research the methods of comparison, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, theoretical, historical and logical generalization are used. The dialectical method of research became methodological basis. Results. The essence of the economic concept "price", "marketing pricing policy" is revealed. It has been studied that the marketing policy of pricing is an important component of the company's marketing strategy. Formation of prices for goods and services requires the company to carefully analyze the market, competitors, consumers and own costs, and the main goal of pricing is to achieve maximum profit for the company. Conclusiоns. The analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of marketing pricing policy showed the place and role that pricing policy plays in achieving strategic goals and ensuring the sustainable development of the enterprise, analyzed the main approaches to pricing and identified a number of factors affecting the choice of pricing strategy. It has been studied that in the process of marketing pricing policy, enterprises can use various concepts of pricing, such as price elasticity, competitiveness, consumer orientation and others. The choice of the pricing concept should depend on the characteristics of the product or service, as well as on the marketing goals of the enterprise. Further research is seen appropriate to point at sound determination of marketing strategies of companies of different patterns of ownership.

SYNERGY OF PHYSIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY AND TACTICS: KEY TO SUCCESS IN HANDBALL

This article highlights the unique experience of the development of handball in Australia. The study focuses on the participation of the Sydney Uni Handball Club team in the “Europe Tour 2024”, which is an important step towards international recognition and exchange of experience with leading European clubs. The purpose of the study is to assess the relationship between physiological training, psychological stability, tactical flexibility and their contribution to the sports performance of the team. The object of study is the process of training in handball at the professional level. The subject of the study is the physiological aspects of training in the context of the specifics of the training process in handball. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological sources on the topic of the research, pedagogical observations. Research results. The authors analyze key aspects that influence team performance, including adaptation to new conditions, tactical flexibility, fatigue and recovery management, and the effectiveness of finishing attacks. Particular attention is paid to the impact of jet lag on the physical and cognitive functionality of the athletes, emphasizing the need to develop strategies to adapt to flights and time zone changes. The proposed measures are aimed at minimizing the negative impact of jet lag and increasing the competitiveness of the athletes at international competitions. The study highlights the role of tactical flexibility and cognitive adaptation in dynamic gaming environments. Attention is focused on how important it is for the athletes and the coaching staffs not only to develop a variety of tactical plans, but also the ability to reassess quickly the game situation and adapt to the strategies of the opponents in real time. This requires players not only to have a high level of physical fitness, but also to developed cognitive abilities such as attention, concentration under stress, pressure and uncertainty. Conclusions. Success in international competitions requires not only a high level of technical, tactical and physical preparation, but also the development of effective recovery strategies, adaptation to various competition conditions and psychophysiological stress management. The study contributes to the understanding of how little-known sports can develop and achieve significant success on the international stage, highlighting the importance of intercultural and sporting exchange in the globalized world. Thus, to achieve optimal results, teams need to implement training programs that stimulate the development of both physical and mental qualities of the athletes, preparing them for the high demands of competitive activity. The results of the study are of interest not only to specialists in the field of sports science, but also to coaches, sports psychologists and managers involved in the development of handball and other sports in conditions of limited popularity and resources.

Getting to post-post-truth

This piece ponders how teachers might best approach the issue of truth in the classroom, now that traditional models of truth-transmission have been problematised by what social epistemologist Steven Fuller calls ‘second-order awareness’—the apparent social construction of any given ‘truth-game’. Drawing on Charles Peirce’s original theorisation of the ‘community of inquiry’ at the birth of pragmatist philosophy, I argue that, as educators our best response to the recent ‘post-truth’ phenomenon is to pay less attention to our theories, in which we show up to truth-sceptics as experts, and more attention to our own epistemic practices, in which we show up to truth-sceptics as fellow persons. In any real-world encounter between persons, genuine listening and learning can offer practical proof that truth is not dead, notwithstanding the dire theoretical generalisations of sceptics, nihilists and relativists. I conclude by reflecting on some ways I’ve implemented these insights in developing a new first-year undergraduate Critical Thinking unit at my own university.