Theoretical Foundation For Research Research Articles

Язык науки в толковом словаре современного русского языка полного типа

Explanatory dictionaries have traditionally been used as an empirical foundation for theoretical research of literary language: its semantic structure and grammatical features of its lexical units, derivational models, stylistic stratification, etc. However, the language of science and especially its terminology remained at the periphery of such dictionaries. This article argues in favour of using materials of the Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 21st Century, which is currently being compiled by the Laboratory of computer lexicography, as the basis for theoretical description of the modern language of science. This full-type dictionary is focused on synchronic description of the Russian lexical system, which is under a substantial influence of the intellectualisation process. It does not only include words, but also collocations, which form a significant part of the language of science. Entries in the dictionary are compiled according to significant relations within lexical-semantic groups. This allows the explanatory dictionary to describe systemic interrelations of lexical units both inside the terminology of a particular area of knowledge and the modern lexical system in general. Terminology dictionaries — which are based on achievements of contemporary terminology studies — are widely used in the compilation process, so resulting definitions are highly specialised. A system of thematic labels used in the dictionary makes it possible to identify a definition as belonging to a particular area of knowledge or to several scientific fields. A dedicated label is used for definitions of general scientific nature to specify another important layer of the modern language of science. This results in a wide list of scientific language units — words of different parts of speech and collocations — marked with labels indicating a particular area of knowledge they belong to or their general scientific nature, provided with verified definitions and illustrative examples from modern texts.

The Role of Human Resource System in Developing a Culture of Innovation

The Research aims on Human Resource Management and innovation has to date relied on a theoretical assumption that there exists an identifiable set of HR practices which organizations seeking to be innovative should adopt. However, analysis of the various prescriptions of HR practices for innovation reveals a high level of internal inconsistency, leading to conflicting advice for practitioners. Furthermore, a review of empirical research on the topic indicates that HR practices within innovative organizations are remarkably similar to those found in the best practice literature This raises questions about the link between strategy and HRM, and about the theoretical foundations of research on HRM and innovation. Drawing on recent research on HRM and firm performance, I suggest that research on HRM and innovation can benefit from incorporating elements from both contingency theory and best practice approaches into the existing configuration theory approach. A change in direction for both theoretical and empirical research on HRM and innovation is proposed. This paper is laid out as follows. In part one, I ask what a strategy of innovation is, and consider what employee behaviors are believed to be consistent with such a strategy. The second section compares and contrasts different authors’ prescriptions of HR practices for innovation, and also compares the findings of research on HRM and innovation with the findings of the best practice approach. In the final part I consider the implications of MY review for future research on this topic. I propose a broadening of the theoretical base on which research on HRM and innovation is founded, and discuss the particular challenges involved in conducting empirical research on HR systems for innovation.

Absolute Stability Condition Derivation for Position Closed-Loop System in Hydraulic Automatic Gauge Control

In the metallurgical industry, hydraulic automatic gauge control (HAGC) is a core mechanism for thickness control of plates used in the rolling process. The stability of the HAGC system’s kernel position closed-loop is key to ensuring a process with high precision, speed and reliability. However, the closed-loop position control system is typically nonlinear, and its stability is affected by several factors, making it difficult to analyze instability in the system. This paper describes in detail the functioning of the position closed-loop system. A mathematical model of each component was established using theoretical analysis. An incremental transfer model of the position closed-loop system was also derived by studying the connections between each component. In addition, based on the derived information transfer relationship, a transfer block diagram of disturbance quantity of the system was established. Furthermore, the Popov frequency criterion method was introduced to ascertain its absolute stability. The results indicate that the absolute stability conditions of the position closed-loop system are derived in two situations: when spool displacement is positive or negative. This study lays a theoretical foundation for research on the instability mechanism of an HAGC system.

Buenas prácticas del docente de Matemática en el contexto universitario.

El artículo presenta un acercamiento a los fundamentos teóricos de investigaciones que en el contexto universitario profundizan en el desarrollo de buenas prácticas docentes, tomando en cuenta la valoración de los diferentes componentes del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Se conforma como parte de un trabajo investigativo desarrollado por las autoras con un enfoque cualitativo porque del mismo, emergen las descripciones de las unidades de análisis: buenas prácticas del docente de Matemática. Haciéndose énfasis en establecer los indicadores para analizar e identificar las características, principios y condiciones que caracteriza una buena práctica de este docente en la educación superior, atendiendo al contexto concreto en que dicha práctica se realiza.

Intersectionality and mixed methods for social context in entrepreneurship

PurposeThis conceptual paper has two central aims: to critically analyse the potential of intersectionality theory as a means by which to understand aspects of context in entrepreneurship studies, and advocate for the value of a realist perspective and mixed methods approaches to produce better intersectional research on entrepreneurship. This paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachHighlighting context as an emerging topic within entrepreneurship literature, the paper examines how drawing upon notions of intersectionality and positionality can help to explain the social context for entrepreneurial activity and outcomes, particularly in terms of agency and resources.FindingsThe paper complements and extends existing intersectional approaches to entrepreneurship studies by introducing Archer’s critical realist philosophical perspective on agency and Anthias’ positional perspective on resource access, considering the usefulness of realism and mixed methods approaches for such work, and outlining a methodologically informed potential research agenda for the area.Originality/valueThe paper offers a theoretical foundation for researchers to begin systematically exploring social entrepreneurial context by accounting for the effects of overarching intersecting structures such as gender, race, and socio-economic class (amongst others), presents empirical methods through which these social-structural influences, and the degree of their impact, can be identified and analysed, and suggests a philosophically robust means of conceptualising how, in combination with agency, they influence essential aspects of entrepreneurial activity.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of long noncoding and circular RNAs in germline stem cells

Germline stem cells are germ cells at an early developmental stage, so their development is key to ensuring human reproduction. There is increasing evidence that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) play important roles in the development of germ cells. This data descriptor provides unique lncRNA and circRNA transcriptomic information for mouse germline stem cells. Using the Illumina HiSeqx 2000 system, a total of 511,836,732 raw reads were generated. High-quality transcripts, lncRNAs, and circRNAs were identificated and quantified using the reads, and more precise annotations of lncRNAs (especially 9357 novel lncRNAs) and circRNAs were performed in the germline stem cells. We then analyzed the transcript structures, genetic variants, and the interaction between circRNA and microRNA to provide the basis for subsequent functional experiments. This comprehensive dataset will help advance data sharing and deepen our understanding of mouse germline stem cells, providing a theoretical foundation for research on germ cell development and human reproduction, among others.

Spatial and Temporal Calcium Signaling and Its Physiological Effects in Moso Bamboo under Drought Stress

Elevations in cytosolic free calcium concentration constitute a fundamental signal transduction mechanism in plants; however, the particular characteristics of calcium ion (Ca2+) signal occurrence in plants is still under debate. Little is known about how stimulus-specific Ca2+ signal fluctuations are generated. Therefore, we investigated the identity of the Ca2+ signal generation pathways, influencing factors, and the effects of the signaling network under drought stress on Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz. Non-invasive micro testing and laser confocal microscopy technology were used as platforms to detect and record Ca2+ signaling in live root tip and leaf cells of P. edulis under drought stress. We found that Ca2+ signal intensity (absorption capacity) positively correlated with degree of drought stress in the P. edulis shoots, and that Ca2+ signals in different parts of the root tip of P. edulis were different when emitted in response to drought stress. This difference was reflected in the Ca2+ flux and in regional distribution of Ca2+. Extracellular Ca2+ transport requires the involvement of the plasma membrane Ca2+ channels, while abscisic acid (ABA) can activate the plasma membrane Ca2+ channels. Additionally, Ca2+ acted as the upstream signal of H2O2 in the signaling network of P. edulis under drought stress. Ca2+ was also involved in the signal transduction process of ABA, and ABA can promote the production of Ca2+ signals in P. edulis leaves. Our findings revealed the physiological role of Ca2+ in drought resistance of P. edulis. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for research on the response to Ca2+ signaling in P. edulis.

Theoretical foundations for research of information relations in activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine

Theoretical foundations for research of information relations in activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine

Razão ou Revolução - resgatando o debate Popper-Kuhn na história da ciência

A fortuna crítica do debate Popper-Kuhn acerca do progresso da ciência seguiu caminhos diversos no ambiente acadêmico. Na recepção brasileira é recorrente a referência ao mesmo tempo vaga e dogmática ao falseacionismo de Karl Popper como expressão acabada do método científico. Nas humanidades predominaram as referências às posições de Thomas Kuhn isoladas de seu contexto intelectual. A recuperação dos principais argumentos dessa interlocução pode lançar luz sobre questões ainda presentes em história e filosofia da ciência e auxiliar na fundamentação da pesquisa e do ensino em diferentes campos disciplinares.

Western organizational change capacity theory and its application to public health organizations in China: A multiple case analysis.

As health reform becomes a crucial task for both Chinese and United States government, public health organizations are required to adopt changes based on reform policy. Organizational Change Capacity theory is a Western theory that indicates the capacities that organizations should possess when pursuing successful organizational change. This study seeks to understand the applicability of this theory to Chinese public health organizations by contrasting organizations that have achieved success or remained challenged in implementing organizational change to optimize health reform. The research questions are: Is the Organizational Change Capacity theory applicable in Chinese public health organizations? How should it be modified to best fit Chinese public health organizations? Seventy-two participants from 12 public health organizations in Beijing and Xi'an were recruited for interviews and follow-up questionnaires that asked for experiences during their organizational changes. During the analysis, a new Chinese Organizational Change Capacity theory with nine main themes emerged. This new framework provides a guideline for Chinese public health organizations to evaluate their change capacity, and offers a theoretical foundation for researchers to design interventions that increase these organizations' capacity in achieving successful change.

Analysis of genetic composition and transmitted parental heterozygosity of natural 2n gametes in Populus tomentosa based on SSR markers.

Natural 2n female gametes and transmission of parental heterozygosity by natural 2n gametes in Populus tomentosa are reported for the first time, which provides a new approach to polyploid breeding. Naturally occurring 2n pollen is widespread in Populus tomentosa and plays an important role in polyploid breeding. However, the competitiveness of 2n pollen is lower than that of haploid pollen during pollination and fertilization, so 2n pollen is less efficient at fertilizing haploid female gametes to produce polyploids. In theory, polyploids can also be obtained when 2n female gametes are fertilized by haploid pollen. Thus, the question becomes whether natural 2n female gametes exist in P. tomentosa, which can be answered by examining the genetic composition of natural 2n gametes. In this study, the origin of 87 triploids from the hybrid combination "X-2 × Z-5" was identified by SSR markers and 21% of natural 2n gametes were found to originate from female parents. Four SSR loci with low recombination rates were used to identify the genetic composition of natural 2n gametes. The results showed that the genetic composition of 2n female gametes was mainly characterized by SDR, while 2n male gametes were mainly produced by FDR. Moreover, the transmission of parental heterozygosity by natural 2n gametes, which is significantly different between female and male parents in FDR and SDR types, was analysed using 42 SSR primers. Here, we report naturally occurring 2n female gametes for the first time in P. tomentosa and reveal the genetic constitution and transmitted parental heterozygosity of these gametes. Our results provide a foundation for theoretical research into 2n gametes and their application in new polyploid breeding strategies.

ВНУТРИРЕГИОНАЛЬНОЕ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНО- ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОЕ ДЕЛЕНИЕ: СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

The paper is regarding the concept of intraregional administrative and territorial division. Deficit of attention from social and economic geography research school (regional branch) to theoretical aspects of administrative zoning led to replacement of administrative and territorial units with municipal entities. Theoretical foundation of research included provisions of regional and institutional economics; interdisciplinary approach was used. Research methods included cartography, zoning, typology and modeling. At the first stage, authors singled out theoretical approaches to defining the concept under research. The second stage was the analysis of administrative and territorial division definition from the position of regional legislation. The terminology was systemized, Russian regions divided into four groups depending on applied theoretical approaches. At the third stage, authors constructed a semantic model for each group of regions. The model included generic components (distinguishing administrative division from other types of zoning), category features (determining the types of administrative zoning), and additional characteristics (referring to principles of territorial division). Semantic model was adjusted for application in regional economy and administration. Generic components of the semantic model (determined and generalized for the first time) allowed formulating a new definition. According to this, administrative and territorial division of a region is legally established territorial division into interrelated subordinated units, on the basis of which territorial organization of governing entities’ activity is carried out. Based on category components, the authors carried out classification of administrative zoning into general and departmental (depending on types of authorities), as well as of classification of levels of government (national, subnational and local). The new definition of administrative and territorial division can provide the basis for forming new strategies for spatial development of regions, as well as for linking sector strategic planning with territorial strategic planning

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

Insights into relationships between disruptive technology/innovation and emerging technology: A bibliometric perspective

“Disruptive technology & disruptive innovation” have been of scholarly interest for years, but there is still a need to better understand the nature of disruptions and their relationship to emerging technology processes. This paper pursues these issues by analyzing the interplay of technological emergence, disruption, and innovation. Applying bibliometric methods, the paper explores the conceptual foundations, themes, and research communities within these research domains. The results highlight the multiple theoretical foundations of research around technological change processes, disruption, and emergence. These differences among the domains invite conceptual cross-fertilization and consideration of interdisciplinary approaches to technological (and commercial) emergence.

Theory Building for the Profession of Teacher Librarianship: An Application of Meta-Ethnography

The lack of theoretical foundations for research in the field of library and information science is well documented and leads researchers to borrow from other fields. In the case of school library research, the tendency is to borrow from the field of education. While many theories from education and other disciplines are applicable to school library research, there needs to be development of theory among school library researchers in order to give practitioners understanding of the complex relationships involved in school libraries and guide future research efforts. Meta-ethnography uses findings reported in previous studies as building blocks for gaining deeper understanding of a particular phenomenon and is highly applicable for the initial stages of theory development. This paper provides a thorough description of the meta-ethnography method and an example of how meta-ethnography can be applied for theory building in school library research.

Study on the Model Parameter Algorithm of the MSMA Sensor

Magnetically controlled shape memory alloy (MSMA) has a mechanical–electromagnetic inverse characteristic. Based on MSMA inverse characteristics, an identification algorithm on MSMA sensor model parameter is proposed in this paper. When removing the pre-pressure system, the improved sensor structure is proved to be more effectiveness through theoretical and experimental research. In the absence of pre-pressure, chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to identification each parameter of MSMA sensor model, the model parameter of the sensor is obtained under different experimental conditions. Comparison the experimental and calculated values of the induced voltage, the correctness of model parameter algorithm is verified by this method. The research work lays a foundation for theoretical research of MSMA sensor.

Individual differences in susceptibility to online influence: A theoretical review

Scams and other malicious attempts to influence people are continuing to proliferate across the globe, aided by the availability of technology that makes it increasingly easy to create communications that appear to come from legitimate sources. The rise in integrated technologies and the connected nature of social communications means that online scams represent a growing issue across society, with scammers successfully persuading people to click on malicious links, make fraudulent payments, or download malicious attachments. However, current understanding of what makes people particularly susceptible to scams in online contexts, and therefore how we can effectively reduce potential vulnerabilities, is relatively poor. So why are online scams so effective? And what makes people particularly susceptible to them? This paper presents a theoretical review of literature relating to individual differences and contextual factors that may impact susceptibility to such forms of malicious influence in online contexts. A holistic approach is then proposed that provides a theoretical foundation for research in this area, focusing on the interaction between the individual, their current context, and the influence message itself, when considering likely response behaviour.

Gregory Bateson’s Ecology of Mind and the Understanding of Human Knowledge

<p>Departing from the biological notion of ecology that pertains to mutual relationships between organisms and their environments, this paper discusses theoretical foundations of research on the nature of human mind in relation to knowledge, cognition and communication conducted in a broader context of social sciences. It exposes the view, explicitly formulated by Gregory Bateson, that the mind is the way in which ideas are created, or just the systemic device for transmitting information in the world of all living species. In consequence, some crucial points of Bateson’s reasoning are accentuated, such as the recognition of the biological unity of organism and environment, the conviction of the necessity to study the ecology in terms of the economics of energy and material and/or the economy of information, the belief that consciousness distorts information coming to the organism from the inside and outside, which is the cause of its functional disadaptation, and the like. The conception of the ecology of an overall mind, as the sets of ideas, notions or thoughts in the whole world, is presented against the background of theoretical and empirical achievements of botany and zoology, anthropology, ethology and psychiatry, sociology and communication studies in connection with the development of cybernetics, systems theory and information theory.</p>

Investigate optimum conditions and determinate changes of β-glucosidase activity in Scrophularia root under different drying conditions

To explore the optimum conditions of β-glucosidase activity in Scrophularia root by using pNPG method. The extraction conditions and reaction conditions (such as extraction liquid type, reaction system, reaction time, temperature, and substrate concentration) were screened by using monofactorial experiment and homogeneous design. Then the changes of β-glucosidase activity in Scrophularia root were detected at the drying temperature of 40-100 ℃. The results showed that citric acid phosphate buffer had better extraction effect, and the maximum absorbance produced by enzymatic reaction was present at 50 ℃ environment after reaction for 30 min. Homogeneous design experiment determined that the optimal conditions were as follows: optimal extraction liquid pH 7.0; enzymatic reaction system pH 6.0; substrate concentration 20 mmol•L⁻¹. The change of enzyme activity was affected by drying temperature and water loss rate. In the drying temperature of 60-100 ℃, the enzyme activity was reduced rapidly with the increase in water loss rate, while the activity was seen even with 0% of water at 40 and 50 ℃. This study has laid the theoretical foundation for research of hydrolysis mechanism of iridoid glycosides and optimum drying process.

Methodology of Formation and Realization of Competitive Strategy of Machine Building Enterprises

JEL Classification: 0 400, 0 430 Introduction At present, actuality of development of competitive strategy of enterprise is obvious. Competitive strategy is a highly effective market tool for increase of competitiveness of enterprise. The main goal of competitive strategy is formation of competitive advantages, methods, and means for conduct of competitive struggle, which would allow enterprise to function in the market in long term and in a stable basis [Egorova, A.O., Kuznetsov, V.P. 2014]. Issues of theory of competition, strategic management, and planning are covered in works of many Russian and foreign scientists/specialists: G.L. Azoeva, D. Aacker, R. Akoff, F. Analois, I. Ansoff, K. Bowman, O.S. Vikhanskiy, A.L. Gaponenko, J. Johnson, A T. Zuba, R. Kaplan, B. Karloff, K. Keller, D. Kollis, F Contler, G.B. Kleiner, J.-J. Labmen, Y.N. Lapygin, Y.A. Malenkov, V.D. Markov, M. Meskon, G. Mintsberg, V.N. Parakhin, A.N. Petrov, M. Porter, Y.B. Rubina, N.A. Savelyeva, A. Tompson, J. Trout, L.R. Tuktarov, R.A. Fatkhutdinov, V.l. Shilkov, etc. The purpose of the research is specification of the motion "competitive strategy of enterprise" and study of methodology of development and realization of enterprise's strategy in highly competitive market environment. In order to achieve the set purpose, the authors have solved the following tasks: 1) approaches of Russian and foreign scientists to the notion "competitive strategy" are studied; 2) opinions of leading scientists and specialists on the process of formation of enterprise's competitive strategy are viewed. Theoretical foundations of research Despite thorough theoretical elaboration of the issues of formation and realization of competitive strategy of enterprises, the practical aspects of this problem are not studied. That's why there is a need for scientific research of the issues of methodological provision of development and realization of competitive strategy according to peculiarities of functioning of enterprises in competitive environment. Methodology of research In the process of the research, the following general scientific methods were used: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, classification and grouping, as well as special methods: situational, comparative, and economic & statistical analysis, expert & analytical and strategic analysis. 1. Specification of the notion "competitive strategy of enterprise" Theorists and practitioners of strategic management offer several approaches to the notion of competitive strategy [Egorova, A.O., Kuznetsov, V.P. 2014]. Founder of strategic management, I. Ansoff, distinguishes two interconnected strategies: portfolio and competitive. Competitive strategy determines various approaches, with the help of which company acts in each strategic sphere. According to N.I. Gerchikova, competitive strategy is aimed at reduction of production costs, individualization, and increase of product quality, as well as using segmentation for determining new sectors of activities in specific markets. M. Porter, the Professor of Harvard Business School, states that competitive strategy supposes such positioning of business that will allow increasing its potential to maximum, which will distinguish it from rivals. N.A. Savelyeva states that competitive strategies should provide achievement of stable competitive advantages for enterprise. Competitive advantages occupy a central role in the process of formation of competitive strategies. According to V.l. Shilkov, competitive strategy determines approaches, with the help of which enterprise will act in each strategic sphere. The author considers that if company is involved in one type of business, competitive strategy is a part of corporate strategic planning. If organization includes several strategic departments, each of them develops own targeted strategy. …