Thai Versions Research Articles

Factors influencing health-related quality of life in chronic liver disease

To investigate the factors contributing to health-related quality of life (HRQL) in chronic liver disease (CLD). Patients with CLD and age- and sex-matched normal subjects performed the validated Thai versions of the short-form 36 (SF-36) by health survey and chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ). Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to assess the impact of disease severity, demography, causes of CLD, socioeconomic factors, and self-rating health perception on HRQL. Two-hundred and fifty patients with CLD and fifty normal subjects were enrolled into the study. Mean age and the numbers of low educated, unemployed, blue-collar career and poor health perception increased significantly from chronic hepatitis to Child's Classes A to B to C. Advanced stage of CLD was related to deterioration of HRQL. Increasing age and female reduced physical health area. Low socioeconomic factors and financial burden affected multiple areas of HRQL. In overall, the positive impact of self-rating health perception on HRQL was consistently showed. Advanced stages of chronic liver disease, old age, female sex, low socioeconomic status and financial burden are important factors reducing HRQL. Good health perception improves HRQL regardless of stages of liver disease.

The flooding of Hat Yai: predictors of adverse emotional responses to a natural disaster

AbstractBackground: A severe flood occurred in Hat Yai following a torrential downpour of rain in November 2000, killing at least 32 people, injuring about 1700, and causing severe damage to property. We have assessed the effect of this disaster on the mental health of the community and investigated predictors of adverse emotional responses.Method: A cross‐sectional survey using a structured questionnaire was carried out and Thai versions of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Impact of Event Scale (IES) were administered. Data on 590 respondents residing in four areas of the city and its environs were obtained.Results: Two hundred and thirty‐three (40 per cent) respondents had a positive GHQ score suggesting a mental health problem. There were significant associations between a positive GHQ and the subjects' perception of the severity of loss, the ability to collect possessions, and showing a ‘negative’ response to the flood. High IES scores were associated with indices of the severity of loss, lower socio‐economic status and minority religion.Conclusions: Natural disasters, such as floods, have a major impact on the mental health of a community. The impact is related to the perception of severity and loss, and is greater in lower socio‐economic and minority religious sub‐groups. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Paṭhamasambodhi in Nine Languages: Their Relation and Evolution

Paṭhamasambodhi is widespread in at least 5 countries in Southeast Asia. Hundreds of manuscripts and not less than 10 versions have been discovered. They are composed in 4 languages: Pāli, Mon, Cambodian and Tai, including Tai vernaculars: Siamese Thai, Northern Thai Northeastern Thai, Lao, Tai Lue, and Tai Khoeun. The styles of composition dramatically vary between detailed enumeration and concision, prose and verse, translation in the style of nissaya and non-nissaya, single language and dual languages—Pāli and another language. The comparative study of the different versions, with emphasis on their content, reveals their relation and the evolution of Paṭhamasambodhi. The Pāli version found in the Lanna region is the oldest complete version. It is probably the original version, which not only is rendered to Tai Lue, Tai Khoeun, Lao and Northern Thai, but evolved over centuries to become the three newer Pali recensions which later were rendered to northeastern Thai, Mon and Siamese Thai. The latter version was finally rendered to Cambodian. The content of Paṭhamasambodhi was gradually enhanced in three phases with different genres: 1) the legend of the Siddhattha Bodhisatta in the Pali of the Lanna region, the Northern Thai the Lao, the Tai Khoeun and the Tai Lue versions; 2) the legend of the Gotama Buddha in the two late Pāli versions as well as the Mon and the northeastern Thai versions; and 3) the legend of the Gotama Buddha's sāsana or teaching in both Pāli and Siamese Thai versions by His Supreme Patriarch Prince Paramanujitjinorot and the Cambodian version. The Northern Thai version is the transition link between the first and the second phase. The result of this study also provides the genesis of Paṭhamasambodhi.

Psychometric properties of the self-control schedule: Thai version.

The psychometric properties of the Thai version of the Self-Control Schedule (SCS), a measure of learned resourcefulness, were examined. Data were collected from 77 pregnant women who were HIV positive and 103 pregnant women who were HIV negative. Back-translation was completed, and agreement between the two content experts as determined by the Content Validity Index was 86%. To assure the equivalence of the translated SCS, English and Thai versions were completed by 16 bilinguals, and the two versions were found to correlate highly (r=.95; p<.01). Internal consistency reliability for the Thai version of the SCS was.81. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to establish construct validity. The results suggest that the Thai version of the SCS has promise for use with pregnant Thai women; however, modification of some items would improve its understandability and cross-cultural applicability. Further psychometric testing in larger and more diverse samples is recommended.

Psychometric properties of the Thai versions of state‐trait anxiety inventory for children and child medical fear scale

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Thai versions of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and the Child Medical Fear Scale (CMFS) in Thai school age children. Subjects were 419 Thai students in grades 3–6 in three schools in Bangkok. Classrooms of students were randomly selected, and students within each classroom were divided into two groups to test the two instruments. Data were collected from students in the classrooms twice, 2 weeks apart. Content Validity Indices of the Thai STAIC and the CMFS were between 90–95%. Internal consistencies were > .80. Test–retest reliability coefficient for the Thai CMFS was .80, and coefficients for the STAIC were .62 for A-State scale and .68 for A-Trait scale. Both instruments seem to be promising anxiety/fear measures for Thai school age children; however, the Thai version of STAIC needs modification to enhance reliability and validity. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 23:406–414, 2000.

Psychometric properties of the Thai versions of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children and Child Medical Fear Scale.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Thai versions of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and the Child Medical Fear Scale (CMFS) in Thai school age children. Subjects were 419 Thai students in grades 3-6 in three schools in Bangkok. Classrooms of students were randomly selected, and students within each classroom were divided into two groups to test the two instruments. Data were collected from students in the classrooms twice, 2 weeks apart. Content Validity Indices of the Thai STAIC and the CMFS were between 90-95%. Internal consistencies were > .80. Test-retest reliability coefficient for the Thai CMFS was .80, and coefficients for the STAIC were .62 for A-State scale and .68 for A-Trait scale. Both instruments seem to be promising anxiety/fear measures for Thai school age children; however, the Thai version of STAIC needs modification to enhance reliability and validity.