TF Values Research Articles

Soil-to-organic Sangyod rice grain transfer factors (TF values) of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in Phatthalung province, Thailand

The specific activities of natural (40K 226Ra and 232Th) and anthropogenic (137Cs) radionuclides in paddy soil and organic Sangyod rice grain were measured and analyzed in this study with an aim to determine the soil-to-organic Sangyod rice grain transfer factors (TF values) of all required radionuclides in Don Pradu sub-district, Pak Phayun district in Phatthalung province in the south of Thailand. The high purity germanium (HPGe) detector and gamma-ray spectrometry analysis system which were installed and used in advanced laboratory at TINT were used to conduct experiments to measure and analyze of all required radionuclides in this research. The average concentrations of 40K 226Ra, 232Th, and 137Cs in paddy soil were found to have a value of 657.30 ± 23.03, 180.01 ± 4.39, 162.02 ± 3.84 and < 1.81 Bq/kg respectively while in organic Sangyod rice grain, their values were 24.11 ± 2.01, 0.28 ± 0.07, 0.17 ± 0.06 and 0.10 ± 0.03 Bq/kg respectively. For TF values were calculated and found to be 0.037, 0.002, 0.001, and 0.055 for 40K, 226Ra, 232Th, and 137Cs, respectively. Furthermore, four important radiological hazard indices which are gamma-absorbed dose rate (D), radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard index (Hex) and annual external effective dose rate (AEDout) were also evaluated by using the average values of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th. In addition, by using the AEDout value, the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR (outdoor)) in paddy soil in the study area would be also studied, evaluated and presented. Moreover, the evaluated TF values of required radionuclides were higher than that reported by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 2010 but the values were much lower than those in the study in Malaysia.

소셜 빅데이터로 알아본 소아청소년과에 대한 인식

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to discover the perception of pediatrics as a topic. This study focuses on the perceptions of parents as potential consumers of pediatrics. Methods: We analyzed online community posts about pediatrics. 33,562 documents were analyzed in which ‘Pediatrics’ was mentioned among the posts for the four years from June 2020 to May 2023 were analyzed. The collected data were preprocessed and analyzed using text-mining techniques. Based on the TF value, the top 50 words were identified, a total of 18 topics were derived, and topic names were assigned.&#x0D; Results: Discussions on medical institution treatment subjects, use and operation, children, recommendations, and diseases were prominent. There was a difference in topics according to the channel type. Online blogs were dominated by topics about healthcare referrals, while online cafes were dominated by topics about COVID-19, medical treatment, and medical expertise.&#x0D; Conclusions: Based on the analysis results of this study, implications for the role of pediatricians and considerations for the treatment of children and families are suggested.

Assessment of plant ecological variability and heavy metal accumulation potential in naturally growing plant species of Pakhar bauxite mine site, Jharkhand, India

Abandoned bauxite mine (ABM) soil generally contains an unacceptable number of heavy metals (HMs), causing several ecological and environmental issues. The present study was conducted with a similar objective to assess the HM accumulation potential of the naturally growing plant species from Pakhar ABM site. Vegetation communities were studied using quadrat methods for plant species at both ABM and the control site (near the ABM site). A total of 21 (9 at the ABM site and 12 at the control site) plant species were recorded in the present study belonging to 10 families. Vegetation study revealed that the dominant plant species were Ammophila arenaria and Lantana camara at ABM site and Lantana camara at the control site. The concentration of HMs in soil at the ABM site, were 66180.00 mg kg−1 Al, 62.20 mg kg−1 Cr, 22.60 mg kg−1 Cu, 346800.00 mg kg−1 Fe, 780.80 mg kg−1 Mn, and 39.80 mg kg−1 Zn while in the soil of site located nearby taken as the control showed 56500.00 mg kg−1 Al, 4.40 mg kg−1 Cu, 51120.00 mg kg−1 Fe, 58.20 mg kg−1 Mn, 13.00 mg kg−1 Zn. Ammophila arenaria, Miscanthus sinensis, Acacia drepanolobium and Rumex pulcher exhibited the highest metal accumulation at the ABM site, while Ocimum campechianum, Lantana camara, Panicum virgatum L., Euphorbia hirta and Holcus lanatus, Cerastium glomeratum thuill and Shorea robusta exhibited the highest metal accumulation at control site. Plant Lantana camara showed considerable TF values for Pb, Al and Fe, from the ABM soil while Shorea robusta showed high TF values for Al, Cu, Zn, and Fe from the control soil. The BAF for Cu, Mn and Zn from ABM soil were observed in Acacia drepanolobium whereas Cerastium glomeratum thuill exhibited maximum BAF values for Zn and Cu from control soil.

Thermal and phase change process in a branching T-channel under active magnetic field and two rotating inner cylinders: Analysis and predictions by radial basis neural networks

Effects of combining the use of a magnetic field with rotating cylinders on the thermal processes and phase transitions in a T-shaped branching channel are examined. In the vertical channel, a PCM-packed bed zone is used, and rotating cylinders are used in both the vertical and horizontal channels. For a range of rotational Reynolds numbers (Rew between −300 and 300), Hartmann numbers (Ha between 0 and 80), and cylinder sizes (Rc1 and Rc2 between 0.01H and 0.2H), investigations are conducted for the effects of coupled forced flow, magnetic field, and rotating cylinder interactions on the efficiency of the thermal and phase change processes. When there is no magnetic field, the entire transition time (TF) may be lowered and at Rew=2000, the TF is reduced by about 42.5% in comparison to a stationary cylinder case (Rew=0). Employing rotations at the fastest speed results in a 26% boost in heat transfer. Thermal performance increases become 181% and 205% at Rew=0 and Rew=−2000, respectively, but the TF value drops by around 31.5% and 17.5% when highest magnetic field strength is considered. When magnetic field and a horizontal channel cylinder are employed, the T-channel system operates most well in terms of phase change and heat transfer process. Fast and accurate predictions of the dynamic aspects of the phase change process are obtained and the full phase transition time is correctly calculated by using the radial basis neural network technique.

The potential of Avicennia alba blume in phytoremediation of heavy metal Pb and Cu in the area east coast mangrove forest Reserve Jambi, Indonesia

The Batanghari River is the fourth longest river in Indonesia, and along the course of the river, there are many community activities, such as fishing, coal-carrying, and industrial activities. These various activities can cause contamination of heavy metals lead (Pb) and copper (Cu). This pollution can be overcome by using phytoremediation techniques using Avicennia alba Blume, which grows in the East Coast Mangrove Forest Reserve Area (CAHBPT), Jambi. This study aims to determine the potential and mechanism of phytoremediation of heavy metals Pb and Cu by A. alba at CAHBPT, Tanjung Solok, Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi. Sampling was done by a purposive sampling method. This study showed that the accumulation level of Pb metal in sediments was 10.08-13.42 mg/kg, and Cu metal was 8.61-22.92 mg/kg. The potential of A. alba in reducing the impact of Pb and Cu metal pollution is classified as an excluder marked BCF &lt;1, even though the concentration of heavy metals in sediments is still below the EPA quality standard threshold for sediments. A. alba that grows in CAHBPT, Jambi, has a Pb metal translocation mechanism in the form of phytoextraction which is characterized by a TF value &gt;1, and for Cu metal with a phytostabilization mechanism which is characterized by a TF &lt;1.

Effect of stabilization time and soil chromium concentration on Sesbania virgata growth and metal tolerance

Sesbania virgata is a pioneer shrub from the Fabaceae family, native to riparian environments in northeast of Argentina, southern of Brazil and Uruguay. In peri-urban riparian soils, metal contamination is a frequent problem, being its bioavailability partly determined by the stabilization time and frequency of contamination events. The effect of time elapsed between chromium (Cr) soil enrichment and plant seeding and Cr doses on S. virgata tolerance and metal absorption were evaluated. Treatments were developed by adding Cr (80–400 ppm) to the soil and allowing two days or fifteen months to elapse before sowing, and a control treatment without Cr addition. After 150 days from seeding, bioaccumulation and translocation factors, growth parameters (dry biomass and its aerial/radical allocation pattern, stem length and its elongation rate), morphological parameters (root volume and leaf area), and physiological parameters (chlorophyll content) of the specimens were determined. The emergence of S. virgata was inhibited since 150 ppm when Cr was added to the soil two days before seeding, with Cr accumulation in roots starting at 80 ppm (17.4 ± 2.5 mg kg−1). Under 15 months of metal stabilization, S. virgata plants survived across the entire range of Cr doses tested, with accumulation in roots since 100 ppm (35.5 ± 0.2 mg kg−1) and metal translocation to aerial tissues only under 400 ppm. The results obtained showed that S. virgata did not have high BCF and TF values, suggesting that it cannot be classified as bioaccumulator of Cr under the tested conditions. However, its presence in environments contaminated with Cr can be beneficial, as it helps to stabilize the metal in the soil.

Study on the Duration of Laser-Induced Thin Film Plasma Flash

The accuracy of judging whether the film is damaged directly affects the accuracy of the measurement of the film laser damage threshold. When judging the film damage by the traditional plasma flash method, there is a problem of misjudgment caused by the failure to distinguish the film and air plasma flash. In order to eliminate misjudgment, the two flashes are accurately distinguished by the difference in the duration of the air and film plasma flash. This paper aims to obtain the theoretical and experimental values of the duration of the film plasma flash (tf) and analyze the factors affecting it. Firstly, taking single-layer hafnium oxide and aluminum oxide thin films as examples, when the wavelength of the incident laser is 1064 nm, the diameter of the laser focusing spot is 0.08 cm, the energy of the incident laser is 100 mJ, and the pulse width of incident laser is 10 ns, the tf of hafnium oxide, and aluminum oxide thin films are 542.7 and 299.6 ns, respectively. Secondly, the experimental study of tf was carried out. Through six experiments, the following results were obtained: (1) With the increase in incident laser energy, the tf of both films increases; (2) The tf of the hafnium oxide film is longer than that of the aluminum oxide film. (3) The experimental parameters are put into the calculation model, and the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental tf values. Finally, it is found that tf increases with the increase in incident laser energy and incident laser pulse width, and decreases with the increase in focusing spot diameter.

A Novel Adaptive Power Smoothing Approach for PV Power Plant with Hybrid Energy Storage System

Clouds passing over solar photovoltaic (PV) power system causes power fluctuations, which contributes to power quality issues. Power fluctuations are usually compensated by an energy storage system (ESS) integrated with a filtering or smoothing controller. However, there is a great burden to tune and determine the filtering time constant (TF) that leads to better alleviation of PV power fluctuations because the irradiance variability varies from day to day. Lack of cloud information leads to incorrect selection of TF values which leads to poor smoothing performance when setting low values on cloudy days, or to unnecessary ESS operation when setting high values on clear days. This paper introduces a novel power smoothing framework to avoid the arbitrary selection of TF values and reduce the stress on ESS based on predictive and adaptive smoothing mechanisms. The proposed controller contains two layers, the first layer predicts the next day's irradiance profile and uses a clear sky model to identify the cloud class. Next, the controller sets the initial values of the filter time constants for cloudy, moderate, and mild days, and disables smoothing on clear and overcast days. The second layer adaptively adjusts the initial filter time constant based on the current power ramp rate and shares power for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The performance of the proposed controller is tested against the forecasting errors and compared to fixed time constant-based smoothing techniques and ramp rate control in a range of scenarios, including smoothing, ramp rate reduction, and battery degradation assessment.

INVESTIGATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF DIFFERENT PLANT SOURCES OF ANATOLIAN PROPOLIS SAMPLES

The ethnopharmacological approach combined with chemical and biological methods can be a useful model in the field of pharmacology. One of these approaches, apitherapy, is the use of bee and hive products for therapeutic purposes. Propolis is among the best known of these bee products. The chemical composition of propolis varies according to the local or endemic flora, bee species, geographical origin and season. This study is to determine the antimicrobial activity differences between chestnut and polyfloral origin propolis against various pathogenic bacterial species. First of all, the Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was used for the determination of bioactive components known to be responsible for antimicrobial activity. Folin-Ciocalteu method and colorimetric aluminum chloride assay were used to determine the total phenolic (TP) and flavonoid (TF) amounts. 19 different pathogenic microorganisms were selected to test the antimicrobial activity levels of propolis samples with agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. TP and TF values of chestnut propolis (71.06 mg GAE/mL-11.75 mg QE/mL) were significantly higher than polyfloral sample (36.84 mg GAE/mL-7.04 mg QE/mL). Chrysin, a flavone derivative, was the most abundant compound in both samples. The MIC values of chestnut propolis ranged from 19.5 to 2500 µg/mL, while the MIC value of polyfloral origin propolis was between 39.06 and 5000 µg/mL. The most susceptible strain was Mycobacterium smegmatis for both samples with different concentration. Notably, it was observed that the botanical origins affect the chemical composition of propolis, and this situation can also be effect antibacterial and antifungal activity in respective propolis because of the different amount and diversity of bioactive compounds. Consequently, chestnut propolis is a promising candidate for drug discovery that can be used to treat some infectious diseases, including diseases related with resistant bacteria.

A New Approach for the Development and Optimization of Gluten-Free Noodles Using Flours from Byproducts of Cold-Pressed Okra and Pumpkin Seeds.

The significant protein and dietary fiber content of cold-pressed pumpkin (PSF) and okra (OSF) seed byproducts are well-known. However, their impact on noodles' nutritional quality has never been studied. For the first time, noodle formulation was developed employing a genetic algorithm in the R programming language to achieve the most optimal sensory attributes as well as nutritional composition, color, cooking, and textural properties. The optimized noodle formulation was detected for OSF, PSF, gluten-free flour, salt, and egg with the following amounts: 11.5 g, 87.0 g, 0.9 g, 0.6 g, and 40 g, respectively, with 10.5 mL of water. The total protein (TP%), total fat (TF%), total carbohydrate (TC%), total dietary fiber content (TDF%), ash (%), total phenolic content (TPC mg GAE/100 g), and ABTS (%) of PSF were found to be 39%, 17%, 7%, 18%, 3%, 19%, and 48%, respectively, whereas for OSF, 33%, 8%, 21%, 32%, 5%, 16%, and 38%, respectively, were detected. In addition, TP (42.88%), TF (15.6%), ash (5.68%), TDF (40.48%), TPC (25.5 mg GAE/100 g), and ABTS (70%) values were obtained for the noodles. Consequently, the valorization of the cold oil press industry's byproducts may be used as ingredients that add high value to gluten-free protein and fiber-rich noodle production, and they may gain interest from both processors and consumers.

Enhancing the potential for cadmium phytoremediation by introducing Perilla frutescens genes in tobacco.

To improve the potential of cadmium phytoremediation, distant hybridization between tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. var. 78-04), a high-biomass crop, and Perilla frutescens var. frutescens, a wild Cd-hyperaccumulator, was carried out, developing a new variety N. tabacum L. var. ZSY. Seedlings at the six-leaf stage were grown in hydroponics and treated with 0 (control), 10µM, 180µM, and 360µM CdCl2 for 7days; then, the differences in Cd tolerance and accumulation and physiological and metabolic responses were evaluated among "ZSY" and its parents. At high Cd dose, the growth of "ZSY," such as fresh weight, plant height, and root length, was evidently better than "78-04." In contrast to P. frutescens and "78-04," "ZSY" could accumulate more Cd in shoots than roots. Under the same treatment, "ZSY" accumulated greater amounts of Cd in both shoots (195-1523mgkg-1) and roots (140-1281mgkg-1) than "78-04" (shoots: 35-89mgkg-1, roots: 39-252mgkg-1), followed by P. frutescens (shoots: 156-454mgkg-1, roots: 103-761mgkg-1). BCF and TF values of "ZSY" reached 38-195 and 1.2-1.4, which were far higher than those of "78-04" (BCF: 2.2-35.3, TF: 0.35-0.9). Perilla frutescens was found with BCF and TF of 11-156 and 0.5-1.5. Cd stress obviously promoted the production of ROS and MDA in seedlings but reduced chlorophyll contents, especially in "78-04." As a response to Cd stress, "ZSY" had higher SOD and CAT activities when compared to P. frutescens and "78-04," while "78-04" produced more POD and proline than those of P. frutescens and "ZSY." Cd stress could affect the production and accumulation of alkaloids and phenolic compounds in root (endodermis and cortex) and mesophyll. At high Cd doses, P. frutescens and "ZSY" had more alkaloids in tissues than "78-04." Phenolic compounds in "78-04" were more obviously inhibited compared with P. frutescens and "ZSY." These secondary metabolites may play an important role in eliminating oxidative damage and enhancing Cd tolerance and accumulation in "ZSY" and P. frutescens. Results indicated that distant hybridization could be one of effective methods for introducing excellent genes from metal-hyperaccumulators into high biomass species, creating plants with superior phytoremediation potential.

Evaluation of calcium, phosphorus and soil organic matter effects on lead accumulation in Cenchrus ciliaris L. grown near a cement factory in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia

Heavy metals associated with cement production and their environmental impacts have received much attention recently. Lead (Pb) is the second most hazardous element after arsenic (As). However, information about its availability and uptake by plants in polluted soil as influenced by soil properties has shown some contradictions. We evaluated the influence of soil calcium (Ca), soil phosphorus (P), and soil organic matter (SOM) on Pb uptake by Cenchrus ciliaris L. based on distance from cement dust polluted soil near a cement factory in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. We also evaluated the potential of Cenchrus ciliaris L. as a hyperaccumulator of Pb. Soil and plant samples were collected in triplicates from three zones based on distance from the fence of the factory: 10 – 100, 100 – 350, and 350 – 700 m. Concentrations of total Pb, total Ca, and total P in soil and plant tissues were detected using ICP-AES. SOM and other soil properties were also analyzed. Bioconcentration and translocation factors (BF&TF) of Pb were also calculated. Results showed that Pb concentration in Cenchrus ciliaris roots had a strong negative relationship with SOM (R2 = 0.93) and P concentration in soil (R2 = 0.97) but a moderate negative relationship with Ca concentration in soil (R2 = 0.69). The highest TF value was 1.87. It can be concluded that SOM, Ca, and P concentrations in soil negatively affected Pb availability and uptake by Cenchrus ciliaris. Also, based on the highest TF value, Cenchrus ciliaris could be used as a hyperaccumulator in Pb-contaminated soils.

Maden Sahasından Ağır Metallerin (Cd, Zn, Pb) Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus) Bitkisiyle Fitoekstraksiyonu

Aim of study: The aim of this study was to determine the phytoremediation capacity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), which can also be used as a bioenergy plant, in soils contaminated with copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) from the waste dumping sites during the mining operations. Area of study: Phytoremediation study was carried out in Artvin Coruh University Research greenhouse environment. Material and Methods: Plants were grown by mixing clean and contaminated soil at the rates of 0%, 50% and 100%. Bioaccumulation (BAF) and translocation (TF) factors were calculated by measuring heavy metal concentrations in soil and plant samples. The bioaccumulation factor is calculated by dividing the metal concentration in the shoots with the metal concentration in the soil. The translocation factor expresses the ratio of the metal concentration in the plant green parts to the root metal concentration. Main results: The sunflower plant has accumulated the highest Zn in the shoots, while Cu and Pb have accumulated the highest in the roots. The mean BAF values of the plants were determined as 0.72 for Zn, 0.5 for Pb and 0.28 for Cu, while the mean TF values were determined as 1.25 for Zn, 0.97 for Pb and 0.52 for Cu. Highlights: The findings show that the sunflower plant can be used in the phytostabilization of Cu metal and in the phytoextraction of Zn and Pb metal to reclaim heavy metal contaminated soils.

Analisis Potensi Tumbuhan Lokal Untuk Meremediasi Limbah Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Sekitar Lahan Bekas Penambangan Emas Tanpa Izin (PETI) Di Desa Moenti Kabupaten Sarolangun Provinsi Jambi

Illegal gold mining is gold mining activity carried out by gold miners who do not have legal mining permits. The process of illegal gold mining is carried out by the community using a diesel-fueled suction machine, which can cause the air to be polluted by lead so that it pollutes the soil through sedimentation and precipitation processes and must be given treatment to reduce the levels of heavy metals in the soil. The purpose of this study was to analyze local plants that are able to absorb the heavy metal lead (Pb) in the soil. The results of the analysis in this study identified 14 local plant species found in the research location. The three plants with the highest Important Value Indeks (INP) were Phragmites sp. with an INP value of 37.35%, Melastoma sp. with an INP value of 30.64%, and Eleocharis interstincta with an INP value of 25.41%. The highest Pb concentration in the soil was 0.533 mg/kg and the lowest was 0.452 mg/kg. The Pb concentration in the shoots of Eleocharis interstincta was 0.156 mg/kg, in the shoots of Phragmites sp. was 0.106 mg/kg, and in the shoots of Melastoma sp. was 0.074 mg/kg. The Pb concentration in the roots of Eleocharis interstincta was 0.258 mg/kg, the roots of Phragmites sp. 0.309 mg/kg, and the roots of Melastoma sp. 0.162 mg/kg. The BAC, BCF, and TF values of these three plants were 1, which indicated that these three plants were not in the phyto-extractor plant category but were included in the phytostabilization category.

Synthesis, structure, radiation attenuation efficacy as well as prediction of density using artificial intelligence techniques of lead borate lithium zinc strontium glasses

Glass systems (6-glasses) of chemical formula (60-x)B2O3-10Li2O-20ZnO-10PbO-xSrO: 0 (Sr-0) ≤ x ≤ 25 (Sr-25) mol% have been manufactured. Density was measured experimentally and predicted via artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques. As well as radiation attenuation efficacy has been evaluated. Experimentally, density was varied from 3.2824 ± 0.0001 to 3.8717 ± 0.0001 g/cm3. Sample densities were predicated via the artificial neural network (ANN), Tanh and sigmoid activation functions showed the best density prediction with a maximum R2 of highest 0.8900. The best density prediction was also obtained by the random forest regression (RFR) model with R2 = 0.920 which is observed to be the highest compared to the polynomial. The sample encoded as Sr-25 had the greatest linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) values out of all the samples that were examined. The transmission factor (TF%) is simultaneously dependent on the samples' density and the energy of the incoming photons for example the sample of a density of 3.65 g/cm3 (Sr-15) and thickness of x = 1.0 cm. For instance, the TF values are 2.5%, 51.7%, 79.5%, 88.7%, 89.3%, 89.3%, and 88.9% for the energies 0.08, 0.3, 1.0, 5.0, 8.0, 10.0, and 15.0 MeV, respectively. In terms of the half value layer (HVL), the sample encoded as Sr-0 has the greatest value while the sample Sr-25 possessed the lowest HVL value among the studied glass mixtures.

Monte Carlo Simulation for Investigating the Sintering Temperatures Effects on Radiation Shielding Performances of Lead-Free ABO3 Perovskite Ceramic

In this study, a series of barium titanate ceramics of the chemical composition BaTiO3 was prepared. The solid-state reaction route was adopted to synthesize the ceramic samples at various sintering temperatures of 1100–1300 °C. X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy were utilized to examine the structure of the fabricated ceramics. The UV–Vis–reflectance data were recorded to guess the optical bandgap energy of the synthesized ceramics. The ability of the synthesized ceramics to attenuate ionizing radiation was qualified using a Monte Carlo simulation (MCNP code) in the γ-energy interval ranging between 59 keV and 1408 keV. Shielding parameters, including LAC, TF, and RPE, were evaluated. The XRD and FTIR analyses showed the formation of a tetragonal BaTiO3 perovskite structure with the Pmmm space group. The crystallite size and the relative density increased, whereas the porosity decreased, with increasing sintering temperatures. Optical bandgap energy (Eg) values decreased as the sintering temperatures increased. The radiation shielding results depicted that raising the sintering temperature between 1100 °C and 1300 °C resulted in a slight increase in the µ values by a factor of ≈8 %. The mentioned increase in the µ values caused a reduction in the Δeq and Δ0.5, and TF values for the fabricated BaTiO3 ceramic samples, while the RPE values increased with increasing sintering temperatures between 1100 °C and 1300 °C.

Multi-scale ship target detection using SAR images based on improved Yolov5

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging is used to identify ships, which is a vital task in the maritime industry for managing maritime fisheries, marine transit, and rescue operations. However, some problems, like complex background interferences, various size ship feature variations, and indistinct tiny ship characteristics, continue to be challenges that tend to defy accuracy improvements in SAR ship detection. This research study for multiscale SAR ships detection has developed an upgraded YOLOv5s technique to address these issues. Using the C3 and FPN + PAN structures and attention mechanism, the generic YOLOv5 model has been enhanced in the backbone and neck section to achieve high identification rates. The SAR ship detection datasets and AirSARship datasets, along with two SAR large scene images acquired from the Chinese GF-3 satellite, are utilized to determine the experimental results. This model’s applicability is assessed using a variety of validation metrics, including accuracy, different training and test sets, and TF values, as well as comparisons with other cutting-edge classification models (ARPN, DAPN, Quad-FPN, HR-SDNet, Grid R-CNN, Cascade R-CNN, Multi-Stage YOLOv4-LITE, EfficientDet, Free-Anchor, Lite-Yolov5). The performance values demonstrate that the suggested model performed superior to the benchmark model used in this study, with higher identification rates. Additionally, these excellent identification rates demonstrate the recommended model’s applicability for maritime surveillance.

Functional assessment of various rare-earth (RE) ion types: An investigation on gamma-ray attenuation properties of GeO2-B2O3-P2O5-ZnO-Tb2O3-RE magneto-optical glasses

We report the functional assessment of various rare-earth (RE) ion types on gamma-ray attenuation properties of GeO2-B2O3-P2O5-ZnO-Tb2O3-RE (where; RE=0; 1 %Ho, 1 %Pr, 1 %Er, 1 %Nd, 1 %Dy, 1 %Ce) magneto-optical glasses. The elemental fractions and densities of each glass sample were specified separately for the MCNPX Monte Carlo code. In addition to fundamental gamma absorption properties, Transmission Factors throughout a broad radioisotope energy range were measured. According to findings, Holmium (Ho) incorporation into the glass structure resulted in a net increase of 0.3406 g/cm3, whereas Cerium (Ce) addition resulted in a net increase of 0.2047 g/cm3. The Ho-doped S2 sample was found to have the greatest LAC value, despite the fact that seven glass samples exhibited identical behavior. The Ho-doped S2 sample had the lowest HVL values among the glass groups evaluated in this work, computed in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. The lowest EBF and EABF values were reported for Ho reinforced S2 sample with the highes LAC and density values. For all glass samples, a decrease in TF values was observed depending on the increase in thickness. Among the investigated glasses, Ho and Er reinforced samples (i.e., S2 and S4) showed the minimum TF values at used radioisotope energies. It can be concluded that Ho and Er type rare earth elements may provide the most effective gamma ray absorption properties when they are incorporated into the GeO2-B2O3-P2O5-ZnO-Tb2O3 system.

Regulation of chromium translocation to shoot and physiological, metabolomic, and ionomic adjustments confer chromium stress tolerance in the halophyte Suaeda maritima

Chromium (Cr) is a highly toxic element adversely affecting the environment, cultivable lands, and human populations. The present study investigated the effects of Cr (VI) (100–400 μM) on plant morphology and growth, photosynthetic pigments, organic osmolytes, ionomics, and metabolomic dynamics of the halophyte Suaeda maritima to decipher the Cr tolerance mechanisms. Cr exposure reduced the growth and biomass in S. maritima. The photosynthetic pigments content significantly declined at higher Cr concentrations (400 μM). However, at lower Cr concentrations (100–300 μM), the photosynthetic pigments remained unaffected or increased. The results suggest that a high concentration of Cr exposure might have adverse effects on PS II in S. maritima. The enhanced uptake of Na+ in S. maritima imposed to Cr stress indicates that Na+ might have a pivotal role in osmotic adjustment, thereby maintaining water status under Cr stress. The proline content was significantly upregulated in Cr-treated plants suggesting its role in maintaining osmotic balance and scavenging ROS. The metabolomic analysis of control and 400 μM Cr treated plants led to the identification of 62 metabolites. The fold chain analysis indicated the upregulation of several metabolites, including phytohormones (SA and GA3), polyphenols (cinnamic acid, sinapic acid, coumaric acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid), and amino acids (alanine, leucine, proline, methionine, and cysteine) under Cr stress. The upregulation of these metabolites suggests the enhanced metal chelation and sequestration in vacuoles, reducing oxidative stress by scavenging ROS and promoting photosynthesis by maintaining the chloroplast membrane structure and photosynthetic pigments. Furthermore, in S. maritima, Cr tolerance index (Ti) was more than 60% in all the treatments, and Cr bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (Tf) values were all greater than 1.0, which clearly indicates the Cr-hyperaccumulator characteristics of this halophyte.

Consumer Document Analytical Accelerator Hardware

Document scanning devices are used for visual character recognition, followed by text analytics in the software. Often such character extraction is insecure, and any third party can manipulate the information. On the other hand, near-edge processing devices are restrained by limited resources and connectivity issues. The primary factors that lead to exploring independent hardware devices with natural language processing (NLP) capabilities are latency during cloud processing and computing costs. This paper introduces a hardware accelerator for information retrieval using memristive TF-IDF implementation. In this system, each sentence is represented using a memristive crossbar layer, with each column containing a single word. The number of matching scores for the TF and IDF values was implemented using operational amplifier-based comparator accumulator circuits. The circuit is designed with a 180nm CMOS process, Knowm Multi-Stable Switch memristor model, and WOx device parameters. We compared its performance with that of a standard benchmark dataset. Variability and device-to-device related issues were also taken into consideration in the analysis. This paper concludes with implementing TF-IDF score calculation for applications such as information retrieval and text summarization.