Story Text Research Articles

О двух исторических преданиях времен Аюки-хана в традиции ойратов Синьцзяна: к проблеме историзма фольклора

The article discusses the problem of historicism of folklore texts. A segment of historical and legendary folklore that is represented by the texts of historic stories in traditional oral culture of Xinjiang Oirats is of special interest. The goal of the research is to analyze two historic legends of Auka-Khan era from the perspective of manifestation and projection of folklore historicism in them. The study points out that the characteristic feature of the two stories in question is the high degree of ‘historicism’. ‘Historicism is represented in characters, that have the prototypes of real historical people — Auka Khan, Seterjab, Tseven-Rabdan, Galdan-Tseren, and also the narrative episodes that relate to certain historical events and facts. The legend about Mergen Jonum tells about series of conflicts that are connected to a specific historical event — a war of Kalmyks with Crimea Khanate. The author comes to a conclusion that historicism of the folklore texts doesn’t have direct authenticity, so certain historical events compressed and reduced are comprehended through a prism of traditional folk ideas and perceptions.

IMPROVING WRITING SKILL OF INSPIRATIVE STORY TEXT THROUGH MODELLING STRATEGY

The purpose of this research is to improve writing skill of students grade nine at SMPN 2 Sewon through modelling strategy to the naterial of writing inspirative story text. To solve the problem, the writer does class action research(PTK )through modelling strategy. It is used to make easy the teacher in doing the teaching of writing and to make the students in writing inspirative story text.The procedurs of the research are planning, doing action, observation, and reflection the result of avtion. The time in doing this research is started from January up to April 2019. Technique of collection data uses qualitative and qualitative descriptive. While the result of studentswriting testis analysedby comparative descriptive system between the first data and action result between cycle. Based on the analysing data and reflection of learning process, it is gained the last result whichis significant to the result of the research by implementing through modelling strategy, it can improve writing skill of students inspirative story text the avarege of cycle I is 72,41% and cycle 2 is 89,66%. Based on result, it can beconcluded, the using of modelling can improve writing skill of students inspirative story text.

Hymes and Sacks Models in Discourse Analysis of Short Story

Discourse analysis is considered as an instrument in analyzing elements which influence on our understanding of a particular text. Thus, discourse analysis is a highly coherent model in analyzing any spoken, like conversation, or written, like short story text. The aim of this study is to analyze the discourse analysis of a short story, to show how the discourse is initiated, developed and terminated. How the characters participate, interact and what are the relationships among them, how those characters are introduced in the story; how they interrupt, ask questions, and how turns are distributed. The study also aims at counting the number of topics and how they are interrelated. To know whether the sequence of events is logical or not. In order to achieve these aims, the study adopts the discourse analysis of a written text of a short story namely, The Man of the House, by analyzing and describing the different strategies like initiating, developing, and terminating. In this study, the model of discourse analysis is eclectic, comprising of three models; Hymes model (1972) who suggests the category of "speech event", and Sacks model (1968) which proposes interaction analysis based on four categories "conversation", "topic", "sequence", and "turn".

Improving The Ability Of Writing Shows Using The Scientific Learning Model In Class X Students Of SMK N 2 Hiliserangkai

The purpose of this study was to determine the improvement in the ability to write short stories using the Scientific learning models in Class X Students of SMKN 2 Hiliserangkai. PTK (Classroom Action Research) models which consist of 4 stages, namely the planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Sources of research data for class X students of SMKN 2 Hiliserangkai City were 28 people and the data of this study were short story texts. Data collection uses test instructions to write short stories with specified themes and student activity observation sheets. Data analysis uses average calculations and final analysis qualitatively. The results showed that there was an increase in short story writing skills through the scientific learning model for students of class X OTKP of SMKN 2 in Hiliserangkai. This is evident from the learning results in the first cycle obtained an average of 70.21 with good categories and increased in the learning outcomes of the second cycle with an average of 80.14 with a very good category. Student activities include aspects of discipline, responsibility, cooperation and independence with the category active enough in the first cycle to increase to be very active in the second cycle in the learning material describing the structure of the text, life values, and structure of short story builders. Keywords: Ability, writing, short story, scientific.

Finding relevance in the news: The scale of self-reference

According to both professional journalists and news users, news should be relevant. While a great deal of research that treats relevance as co-constructed starts from the text of news stories, this paper asks how news users explicitly construct the (ir)relevance of particular news reports, taking a language-centered lens to open-ended survey responses.This paper makes a methodological argument in favor of a language-centered approach to open-ended survey data. Given the ubiquity of online surveys in many social science disciplines, the present paper provides an example of how this approach can deepen our understanding of survey responses.We find that news users construct relevance at varying scales, using a number of linguistic strategies of self-reference. Those who said they found the story they saw relevant used pronouns with a different distribution than those who did not, and these differences exceeded chance. In general, those who referred to themselves as members of larger collectivities were more likely to say they found a news story relevant, suggesting that relevance is discursively constructed in part through practices of self-reference.

Upaya Meningkatkan Aktifitas dan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Pokok Bahasan Teks Cerita (Novel) Sejarah dengan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran STAD Siswa Kelas XII IPS 1 SMAN 3 Kotabumi Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019

This study aims to increase the activities and outcomes of Indonesian language learning by using the STAD learning model in historical text material (novels) of class XII IPS 1 students of SMA Negeri 3 Kotabumi in the 2018-2019 academic year. This classroom action research used students of XII IPS 1 SMA Negeri 3 Kotabumi as research subjects. In practice, it was carried out to test the effect of learning historical story text material (novel) by practicing the STAD type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes. The research was carried out in 2 cycles, namely for the material structure, content, value and language of historical story texts (novels) and elements, topics and frameworks of historical story texts (novels) where all cycles began with planning activities followed by implementation and observation and ended with reflection. . Data collection techniques using cognitive tests and student attitude questionnaires obtained from each cycle, the results were analyzed whether there was an increase in each cycle. After conducting research and data analysis, the results obtained were an increase in student learning outcomes and activities from cycle I to cycle II. For indicators of student learning outcomes there was an increase of 58% in cycle II when compared to cycle I. Meanwhile, for student activities in disciplinary indicators there was an average increase of 0.7, for indicators of cooperation the average increase was 1.05, indicators of courtesy. The average score was 0.56 and for the tolerance indicator the average increase was 1.16 and overall for student learning activities increased by 20.47. The conclusion of this study is that the application of the STAD learning model to historical text material (novels) can increase the activities and learning outcomes of Indonesian students in class XII IPS 1 at SMAN 3 Kotabumi in the 2018-2019 academic year.

The Pleasures of Imagination. Aspects of Fictionality in the Poetics of the Age of Enlightenment and in Present-Day Theories of Fiction

AbstractInvestigations into the history of the modern practice of fiction encounter a wide range of obstacles. One of the major impediments lies in the fact that former centuries have used different concepts and terms to designate or describe phenomena or ideas that we, during the last 50 years, have been dealing with under the label of fiction/ality. Therefore, it is not easy to establish whether scholars and poets of other centuries actually do talk about what we today call fiction or fictionality and, if they do, what they say about it. Moreover, even when we detect discourses or propositions that seem to deal with aspects of fictionality we have to be careful and ask whether these propositions are actually intended to talk about phenomena that belong to the realm of fiction/ality. However, if we want to gain some knowledge about the history of fiction/ality, we have no other choice than to tackle the arduous task of trying to detect similarities (and differences) between the present-day discourse on fictionality and (allegedly) related discourses of other epochs. The goal of this paper is to make a small contribution to this task.The starting point of the paper are two observations, which also determine the approach I have chosen for my investigations. 1) In the 18thcentury the terms »fiction« or »fictionality« do not seem to play a significant role in the discussion of art and literature. However, some propositions of the discourse on imagination, one of the most prominent discourses of the Age of Enlightenment, seem to suggest that this discourse deals more or less explicitly with questions regarding the fictionality of literary artefacts as we conceive it today. 2) The concepts of imagination and fictionality are also closely linked in present-day theories of fiction. Naturally, the question arises how the entanglement of the concepts of fictionality and imagination can be understood in a historical perspective. Can it function as a common ground between 18th-century and present-day conceptions of fiction/ality? Is imagination still used in the same ways to explain phenomena of fictionality or have the approaches evolved over the last 250 years and if yes, then how? These kinds of questions inevitably lead to one major question: What do 18th-century and present-day conceptions of fiction/ality have in common, how much and in what ways do they differ?For heuristic reasons, the article is subdivided according to what I consider the three salient features of today’s institutional theories of fiction (i. e. theories which try to explain fictionality as an institutional practice that is determined and ruled by specific conventions): fictive utterance (aspects concerning the production of fictional texts), fictional content (aspects concerning the narrated story in fictional texts) and fictive stance (aspects concerning the reader’s response to fictional texts). The article focusses on the English, French and German-speaking debates of the long 18thcentury and within these discourses on the most central and, therefore, for the development of the concept of fiction/ality most influential figures. These are, most notably, Madame de Staël, Voltaire, Joseph Addison, Georg Friedrich Meier, Christian Wolff, the duo Johann Jakob Bodmer and Johann Jakob Breitinger as well as their adversary Johann Christoph Gottsched.The relevance of the article for a historical approach to the theory of fiction lies in the following aspects. By means of a tentative reconstruction of some carefully chosen propositions of 18th-century discourse on imagination I want to show that these propositions deal in some way or other with literary phenomena and theoretical concepts that in present-day theory are addressed under the label of fiction/ality. By comparing propositions stemming from 18th-century discourse on imagination with some major assertions of present-day theories of fiction I try to lay bare the similarities and the differences of the respective approaches to literary fiction and its conceptualisations. One of the major questions is to what extent these similarities and differences stem from the differing theoretical paradigms that are used to explain literary phenomena in both epochs. I venture some hypotheses about the influence of the respective theoretical backgrounds on the conceptions of fictionality then and today. An even more intriguing question seems to be whether the practice of fictional storytelling as we know and conceive it today had already been established during the 18thcentury or whether it was only in the process of being established.

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN IMPROVISASI IMAJINATIF DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KONVERSI CERPEN KE DALAM BERMAIN PERAN SISWA SMA KELAS XI

The purpose of this research and development is to produce Imaginative Improvisation Learning Model in the conversion short story to role play learning. Imaginative Improvisation Learning Model is a way of learning that is planned to make students easier to modify short story texts into role play so that learning can take place actively, effectively, and creatively. The steps of the Imaginative Improvisation learning model, are (1) developing a framework, (2) improvising dialogue, (3) improvising behavior, and (4) assessment. Imaginative Improvisation learning model is a model that converts into role play by developing students' imagination and spontaneity. The data collectable by questionnaire from language and literature expert, model learning expert, Indonesian Language teacher, and student. Based on test product result, it is known that the product reaches a valid category and can be implemented.The purpose of this research and development is to produce Imaginative Improvisation Learning Model in the conversion short story to role play learning. Imaginative Improvisation Learning Model is a way of learning that is planned to make students easier to modify short story texts into role play so that learning can take place actively, effectively, and creatively. The steps of the Imaginative Improvisation learning model, are (1) developing a framework, (2) improvising dialogue, (3) improvising behavior, and (4) assessment. Imaginative Improvisation learning model is a model that converts into role play by developing students' imagination and spontaneity. The data collectable by questionnaire from language and literature expert, model learning expert, Indonesian Language teacher, and student. Based on test product result, it is known that the product reaches a valid category and can be implemented.

External and Internal Conjunctions in the News Story Text of the Jakarta Post

This study was investigated external and internal conjunctions in the news story text of the Jakarta Post based on Systemic Functional Linguistics Approach. The objective of this study was to describe the realization of external and internal conjunctions. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this research were clause complex of external and internal conjunctions in the news text the Jakarta Post. The data were taken from website official Jakarta Post https://www.thejakartapost.com/. The data were collected by documentary technique. The technique of data analysis applied interactive model technique by Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2014). The findings showed external and internal conjunctions describes in clause complex news text used to clause complex have several clauses consist of independent clause is an equal (paratactic) and clause complex have several clauses consist of independent clause relate with dependent clause is an unequal (hypotactic). Keywords: External Conjunction, Internal Conjunctions, News Text

تمثّلات الأنا والآخر فی القصة العُمَانیّة المعاصرة

الملخص يفترض البحث الحالي أن کتاب الجيل الجديد في القصة العمانية المعاصرة يشکلون حساسية جديدة ذات مرجعيات ثقافية مشترکة، تتضافر في ضوئها نصوصهم القصصية حول جملة من الخصائص الجمالية والاجتماعية التي تشکل جماع رؤيتهم للعالم في إطار فهمهم الخاص لنظرية الفن، من حيث الماهية أو الأداة أو الوظيفة. کما يفترض البحث أيضا أن کتاب القصة القصيرة العمانية المعاصرين يشکلون تيارا إبداعيا جديرا بالدرس النقدي وتحليل الخطاب سواء من حيث تناوله لموضوعات ثقافية واجتماعية مختلفة أو من حيث طرائق السرد وتقنياته. من هنا، يسعى هذا البحث -في فرضيته الرئيسة، وفي إجراءاته المنهجية أيضا- إلى مساءلة القصة القصيرة العمانية المعاصرة، عبر کتابها وکاتباتها الجدد، من أجل ب لورة قيم ثقافية وأسلوبية مشترکة. کما أن هذه الدراسة تنهض على بحث تمثلات وتمثلات الآخر في القصة العمانية، في محاولة نقدية لفهم طبيعة هذه العلاقة السوسيوثقافية، ومظاهرها، ومدى استبطانها للرؤية الجمالية أو الحضارية الکامنة في البنى النصية للقصة العمانية؛ وذلک من خلال تحليل طرائق تمثلات الأنا وتمثلات الآخر، وما بينهما من تشابه أو تقاطع أو اختلاف. The current research assumes that Omani writers of the new generation in the stream of contemporary short story constitute 'new sensitivity' which has its common cultural references. In the light of these cultural references, Omani short story collections are crystalized around a group of aesthetic and social characteristics that form a world vision reflected in conceptual term, techniques and functions. This research also assumes that contemporary Omani short story texts establish a creative stream deserves a separated critical study. Hence, in its main hypothesis and also in its methodological procedures, this research seeks to quest the contemporary Omani short story through its new writers in order to manifest the cultural and stylistic values. The main objective of the current research is analyzing representations of the 'ego' and the 'other', and or understanding the nature of this sociocultural relationship between them, for analyzing its discourse aspects in different ways.

A PERSONAL MYTH: PHILOSOPHICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PYCHOTHERAPEUTIC ASPECTS

The article analyses psychologically the personal myth phenomenon and the possibilities of its psychotherapeutic use. The essential features of the myth, associated with the emergence of psychological effects, relevant to the goals of psychological assistance were identified. They include: an initial appearance of characters, images, events; miraculousness because any restriction can be lifted under certain conditions; representation of the mythical characters as a role model; the myth serving as a priori streamliner for perception. Immersion of consciousness into the mythological reality is associated with important therapeutic mechanisms, such as: hope instilling, universality of experiences, existential factors; life event perception can loss its literalness. We have shown that the search for personal developmental guidelines and triggering the appropriate motivational mechanisms are ensured mostly due to the mainstreaming of the pre-logic, mythological level of consciousness responsible for a person’s creativity. A personal myth is defined as a system of core personal meanings formed by synthesizing the content of cultural and social myths with personal experiences, manifested and transformed through narratives and acting as a sensual perspective on the person’s life project. The main functions of personal myths are: socio-adaptive, meaning-forming, regulatory, axiological and integrative. We have shown that, in the psycholinguistic aspect, a personal myth is a text that serves as a mechanism of interactions between generalized cultural meanings and core personal meanings. The hypothesis has been developed that specific discourse analysis methods correspond to the content of psychotherapeutic interactions; these methods allow us to retain a client’s meaningfull integrity. Step-by-step tasks were highlighted for work with a client’s personal mythology. These are: finding a principle that organizes a client’s subjective experiences and revealing the personal myth through deconstruction of the client’s story text; assessing the constructiveness/destructiveness of its actual impact on the client’s life; helping the client to rethink the key elements of their personal myth and to choose together with them the mythological constructions corresponding to their actual problem; helping the client build practical life strategies on the basis of the rethought personal myth; supporting the implementation of these strategies.

The Development of Macromedia Flash-Aided Interactive Media to Increase the Ability to Understand Fiction Stories Information in Elementary School Students

This study aims to: (1) Analyze the level of effectiveness of Macromedia Flash-assisted interactive learning media in story text learning that will be developed at SD60606 Public Elementary School Medan Perjuangan. (2) Analyzing how the level of interactive learning media assisted by Macromedia Flash on story text learning will be developed in SD60606 Public Elementary School Medan Perjuangan. This study uses the Borg & Gall development research. Based on the analysis of Macromedia Flash assisted learning media products from the experts, it was declared very effective and feasible to use with criteria of the validity of the material experts 85.42%, the design expert 91.00%, and the linguist 85.00%. Based on the completeness data of student learning outcomes before using interactive learning media assisted by Macromedia Flash obtained an average value of 62 while using a large scale completeness reached an average of 90 with a gain score of 0.74 into the high category. And the student questionnaire responses to the effectiveness of Macromedia Flash-assisted interactive learning media reached 90% of 30 students. Based on this data Macromedia Flash-assisted interactive learning media are said to be effectively used in learning with the assumption that students' understanding of story text is higher when using Macromedia Flash-assisted interactive learning media.

Gazes from the South: The Tchiloli and the Work of René Tavares

Gazes from the South: The Tchiloli and the Work of René Tavares

REPRESENTASI KEARIFAN LOKAL DARI NOVEL KE FILM RAKSASA DARI JOGJA: KAJIAN EKRANISASI

This article analyzes the ecranization pattern between the novel Raksasa Dari Yogya and the adapted film. Filmize novel usually changes the story text's content because not all novel story text content can be moved on the screen. This study aims to get the changes that occur in the novel's adaptation pattern to the form of a film medium, and the shape of representations existed in the two works. This study uses an ecranization perspective. The methodology used in this study is qualitative because the data are in the form of narrative text in novels and visual texts which are the results of the film captured Raksasa Dari Yogya. The data collection method was collected by reading, taking notes, watching, recording film source data, and processing it. Data analysis is in the form of interpretation of data obtained from novel texts and films. The study results show that there are changes: reducing, adding, or varying modifications in terms of the content of the story text. It is caused by the difference between the media used between novels and films. Books and movies reveal Yogyakarta local wisdom representations in the form of arts and tourism. The local wisdom depicted in novels and movies reflects Yogyakarta culture's richness, strengthening a region's identity. The changes can make the film more attractive without changing the substance of the novel as a whole.

ICONICITY AND VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS IN CHILDRENS’ NARRATIVE


 
 
 
 The study examines the creation of a childrens’ visual book based on the reading of an indigenous text story. In particular, it demonstrates that the ratio of labial versus nasal sounds in a text predicts a difference in its meanings, as it is perceived by its readers, signers and non-signers. Texts that have a relatively high frequency of labial sounds are more likely to express high activation, whereas a relatively high frequency of nasal sounds indicates a low activation. These sounds seem to relate to specific mental representations, which are mapped to particular handshapes across sign languages. Thus, the study suggests that the higher frequency of specific phonemes may connect to certain signed representations, which the design of children’s picturebook can take into consideration, since the two- dimensional image can relate to the three-dimensional materialisation of SLs and their constructs. Keywords: picturebook, visual image, Sign Language, indigenous narrative, iconicity.
 
 
 

The Development of Portfolio Based Short Text Writing Assessment Instrument in 11th Grade of Senior High School (SMAN 1) Panai Tengah

This research produces a portfolio-based short story writing assessment instrument. The research method used is the Research and Development method which refers to the development of Borg and Gall (in Tegeh et al, 2014: 7-13). The module development process is carried out with three stages: a preliminary study stage, initial product development and product trials. The results showed that the feasibility assessment by material experts consisted of 4 aspects namely content feasibility aspects obtained an average of 77 with effective criteria, aspects of the feasibility of the presentation obtained an average of 92.5 with very effective criteria, aspects of language eligibility obtained on average 77 with effective criteria, and aspects of contextual assessment obtained an average of 79.9 with effective criteria, evaluation of eligibility by instrument evaluation experts obtained an average of 85 with very effective criteria. The assessment interprets the meaning of the short story text, both verbally and in writing fulfilling the reliable criteria with a reliability of 0.7, the Assessment identifies the abstract, orientation, complications, resolution, evaluation, and koda meets the reliable criteria with a reliability of 0.7 and the assessment of writing the story text short meet the reliable criteria with a reliability of 0.97. This research impacts on the use of portfolio-based short story writing assessment instruments.

Discourse Analysis of Short Story 'The Man of the House'

Discourse analysis is considered as an instrument in analyzing elements which influence on our understanding of a particular text. Thus, discourse analysis is a highly coherent model in analyzing any spoken, like conversation, or written, like short story text. The aim of this study is to analyze the discourse analysis of a short story, to show how the discourse is initiated, developed and terminated. How the characters participate, interact and what are the relationships among them, how those characters are introduced in the story; how they interrupt, ask questions, and how turns are distributed. The study also aims at counting the number of topics and how they are interrelated. To know whether the sequence of events is logical or not, and to know the fillers (Ah, Oh) and their functions. Further, the study tries to analyze a short story fro the grammatical point of view for stylistic characterization relying on (A Practical English Grammar) (1986) (Fourth Edition) by A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet. Also, to determine the speech acts and their percentages. In order to achieve these aims, the study adopts the discourse analysis of a written text of a short story namely, The Man of the House, by analyzing and describing the different strategies like initiating, developing, and terminating. In this study, the model of discourse analysis is eclectic, comprising of three models; Hymes model (1972) who suggests the category of "speech event", and Sacks model (1968) which proposes interaction analysis based on four categories "conversation", "topic", "sequence", and "turn". Finally Sinclair-and Coulthard’s model (1975) of speech acts classification. The present study hypothesizes that discourse analysis is conducted depending on the text and context and how the two terms complete each other. The meaning of the text is completed by action. Analysis is to be achieved structurally and linguistically. It is also found that the discourse is composed of the cooperating of acts, interaction of the participants, sequence of events, topics, and other units. Throughout the analysis, it has been found that the participants perform different speech acts such as nomination which is the most frequently used. The frequency of nomination is 1156 which represents 52.3% of the total acts, reaction forms 555 which represents 25.1%. Evaluation records 198 which represents 8.9% of the total number of acts. There are other speech acts like comment, obligation, manner, and metastatement mentioned in the story. These acts vary according to their usages and functions, and percentages. In the analysis of speech events, the number of major events is 22 which forms (24.5%), while the number of minor events is 68 which forms (75.5%). It is worth mentioning that the participants in the aforementioned story are of different social classes. The participants sometimes address each other by using terms of address in order to show respect, especially some of them are of higher status. The story is narrated in the first person pronoun ( I ), which means that the writer talks about his personal life. Sullivan did most of the turns, (41) which represents 47.6% of the total turns as he is the protagonist and the most important participant in the story. Dooley had (14) turns so that she came second in order that represents 16.2%. The mother came third in rank and did (13) turns which represents 15.5%. Some of the participants participated in conversations more than others, Dooley and Sullivan for instance participate in 12 turns which represents 29.2%, while Minnie and Sullivan participate in 9 turns which forms 21.9%. Within the grammatical analysis, it is found that the number of content words are 4632 which represents 76.5%, the number of content words is 1420 which represents 23.4%, the number of definite articles is 290 which represents 73.9%, the number of indefinite articles is 102 which represents 26.0% of the total number of articles. The total number of nouns, such as countable nouns, singular nouns, feminine nouns, used by the story author is 2439. Discourse analysis shows when and where the turns and topics are shifted, and changed. The use of fillers, such as (Ah) and (Oh), is important and related to the use of discourse; (Ah) occurs 8 times that is 72.7%, whilst (Oh) occurs 3 times that is 27.2%. Finally, the linguistic analysis of literature has many implications and benefits for language teaching.

Denotative and connotative analysis on Elia Pettie’s short story

This study was conducted to analyze several words which have denotative and connotative meaning and find the relation of those words with the context of a love relationship in real life. In analyzing the denotative and connotative meaning of four words that were already chosen, this study uses Palmer’s theory of denotation and connotation as a theoretical basis. The data was collected from the text of the short story “A Child of the Rain”, which is categorized as a ghost story. Particularly, this study focuses on analyzing four specific words namely invisible, glad, expert, and coldness. This study uses descriptive qualitative as the design of this study. Therefore, after analyzing the meaning of words, this study found that (1) the words invisible, glad, expert, and coldness have denotative and connotative meaning, (2) connotative meaning of these words have a relation with the context of love relationship in real life, (3) these words can portray someone’s feeling in specific situation like in love relationship. These findings can be utilized by second-language learners in the process of understanding the denotative and connotative meaning of the English language.      

A study on the punctuation knowledge levels of freshmen students

The present study was conducted to determine the use of punctuation marks by freshmen college Turkish language course students whose native language was Turkish. The study is a quantitative study where descriptive techniques were used. The study group included 204 students (157 female and 57 male students). An anonymous short story text that did not include any punctuation marks was used as the data collection instrument. The original text included 8 punctuation marks used in different parts of the text. The data were obtained by asking students to rewrite the text based on composition rules and including the missing punctuation marks. T-test, One-Way ANOVA, Tukey HSD tests available on IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software were used in data analysis. The study findings demonstrated that students made several mistakes in all punctuation marks. The period was the only punctuation mark used correctly by the majority of students. The students made the most mistakes when using the dash (98.34%). Analysis of the findings based on student department, there was a difference in the use of exclamation marks only between PDR I. instruction 1/B and PDR II instruction 1/B classes. A significant difference was determined favoring the female students only between the use of quotation marks based on gender.

Soviet fashion of the first half of the 1950s: formation of a new model of consumption

the article analyses textual and visual stories, is dedicated to the presentation of fashion images published on the pages of fashion and women’s magazines of the first half of the 1950s, the Study aims to determine vector dynamics and transformations of the Soviet fashion discourse (visual images and texts “fashion advice”) that occurred in the first half of the 1950s, the identification of the causality of these changes and trends socio-economic and political development of the country. When writing the article, the author was guided by the principles of historicism and objectivity. Work with historical sources was carried out using General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, etc.), as well as historical methods (problem-chronological, retrospective, comparative-historical). The source basis of the study was: Soviet fashion magazines - “Models of the season”, “fashion Magazine”, magazine for women – “Worker”, published during the first half of the 1950s. it was revealed That in the first half of the 1950s. in the official Soviet fashion discourse reflect changes in the standards of “fashion” consumption: the democratization of the presented models (manifested in the reduction in the cost of fabrics and decoration of clothing, expanding the range of everyday practices of using models, etc.); strengthening of ethical and didactic component in the rhetoric of fashion magazines. These processes indicated the replacement of the elite fashion concept presented in fashion publications in the 1940s with a more democratic concept of “Soviet taste”. The final design of this model takes place in the mid-1950s, but the beginning of the processes of its formation can be determined already in the first years of the 1950s. The specifics of the conceptual consumption models declared in the USSR were determined by the dynamics of the country’s economic development and the vector of the social policy pursued. The weakening of the mobilization regime in the first half of the 1950s, as well as increased attention to the problems of living standards of citizens, contributed to the democratization of the standard of “fashionable consumption”, declared in the domestic information space.