Historical Texts Research Articles

Post-Historicism and the End of the Historicist Project: Оn the Issue of Overcoming Historical Relativism in Analytical Philosophy

The article is devoted to consideration of theories of Post-Historicism in the analytical philosophy of history. It is emphasized that Post-Historicism initially performs a critical position to the linguistically oriented historical relativism. Theorists of Post-Historicism criticized discursive understanding of the subject of history, as well as the view of historian as author. They provide paradigmatic turn from the language of historians to the analysis of historical experience (understood as a special, ‘sublime’ experience). It is noted that in the center of the theories of Post-Historicism there are such categories as ‘narrative’, ‘past’, ‘memory’, ‘metaphor’, ‘representation’, etc. The narrativists approach involves the assumption that the historian does not work with events of the past, but only with the interpretations of it. Main historical method is the reconstruction of historical experience through productive reminiscence. There is a fundamentally new challenge: the creation of many local histories in the form of narratives, but without attempts to create ‘meta-narratives’. Retrospectivism in narrative approach is the desire of the historian to retell certain events of the past in the form of textual integrity. The integrity of the narrative as a historical text is based not according to linguistic but to the ‘aesthetic’ principle: it is rooted in describing some historical events in their unity as an experience of certain actors of those events, and considering historian as their interpreter. In the era of Post-Historicism, analytical philosophy of history seeks to design not discourse, but narrative, because the latter one initially appeals to empathize, not understand or build some linguistic kinship. The concept of metaphors is proposed, involving the symbolic interpretation of historical concepts and generalizations, according to which there is a possibility to establish ‘how’ was the past. From the author’s point of view, it is possible to base historical epistemology on the assumption of a symbolic interpretation of historical experience and narrative.

JEWISH CONCEPT OF SLAVERY AND THE 21ST CENTURY OF AFRICAN SOJOURNERS IN DIASPORAS: NIGERIAN’ BEST BRAINS IN DIASPORAS

This study explores the Jewish concept of slavery and compares it to the 21st Century African sojourners in Diasporas, with a focus on Nigerian professionals who have migrated to other countries in search of better opportunities. In contemporary affairs, Jews and African-Americans have cooperated in the Civil Rights Movement, motivated partially by the common background of slavery. The three types of slavery Africans have engaged in which are: 1. Colonial or force slavery by the European 2. Leadership slavery and, 3. Self slavery, (Talabi, 2021). Individual migrating in search of greener pastures shall be adequately discussed in this paper with empirical evidences. Drawing on historical and religious texts, the paper analyzes the Jewish understanding of slavery and the ethical considerations that arise from it. It also examines the experiences of Nigerian professionals in diasporas, highlighting their contributions to their host countries and the challenges they face as immigrants. Finally, this qualitative study discusses the implications of these experiences for contemporary discussions on migration and global citizenship, arguing that the Jewish concept of slavery offers a useful framework for re-thinking about the ethical dimensions of immigration policies and practices in the 21st Century due to the failures of African leaders in developing their respective societies and followership inability to lead peaceful protest that will propel rebuilding or happen African Governance.

НАИМЕНОВАНИЯ ЛЮДЕЙ, ДОБЫВАЮЩИХ САМОЦВЕТЫ, В УРАЛЬСКИХ ГОВОРАХ

The article examines both historical and modern names for people involved in the mining of Ural gemstones. The material for this analysis was obtained from dialectal and historical dictionaries. Besides that, the material was collected in the Urals through interviews with informants in 2020–2023, as well as through studying regional internet forums devoted to the topic and written sources, including historical documents. The article shows that in the 18th–19th centuries there was no organized gemstone mining taking place under the guidance and control of the government, which led to the absence of an ordered terminology in this sphere. The author concludes that people who mine for gemstones are usually named through lexemes denoting the key concepts of their worldview: gora (‘mountain’) and kamen’ (‘stone’). The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the words that are actively functioning today: gorshchik, kamen’shchik, khitnik. The author researches how these words and their meanings evolved along with the history of the concepts they denote. After analyzing historical and contemporary texts and interviewing the informants, the author identified the following meanings of the words. Gorshchik — ‘a person who extracts gemstones from bedrock’; kamen’shchik — ‘a person who extracts and/or processes gemstones, collects them’; khitnik — 1. (obsolete) ‘a person who mines for gemstones without a license’ 2. ‘a person who mines for gemstones unofficially’. In addition, the article determines the sociolinguistic status of the words under discussion and views their word-formational and axiological aspects. Some of these lexemes are not recorded in dictionaries and introduced into the scholarly discourse for the first time.

Keeping the Memory of the Past: Toponymic Space of Historical Circassia. Review of the book: Еmykova N. H. Istoricheskaia toponimiia Zapadnoi Cherkesii. Po materialam russkikh dokumentov XVIII–XIX vv. Chast’ pervaia: Abadzekhiia [Historical Toponymy of Western Circassia. Based on the Materials from Russian Documents of the 18th–19th Centuries. Part 1: Abadzekhia]. Maykop: Poligraph-Yug, 2021. 768 p.

The reviewed work represents the first instalment of a comprehensive project aimed at studying the historical toponymy of Western Circassia. This volume focuses on the geographical names of the Abadzekhia region. Since many of these toponyms have fallen out of use, their documentation, analysis, and interpretation rely primarily on the study of 18th and 19th-century Russian documents, including military maps, historical and ethnographic texts, and military and topographic descriptions of the area. Additionally, the author incorporates folklore references to geographical features of Abadzekhia. In total, approximately one thousand toponyms, encompassing both natural features and oikonyms, have been identified and mapped onto a modern representation of the North-West Caucasus. The dictionary entries, arranged alphabetically, consolidate all known spelling variants of each toponym, facilitating their semiotic reconstruction. Given the linguistic differences between Russian and Adyghe (Circassian), reconstructing the original pronunciation and etymology of the toponyms presents challenges. To address this, the author identified and utilised over five hundred Adyghe topographical elements frequently found in local place names. The work employs data and methodologies from various disciplines — linguistics, folklore, history, geography, ethnography, and archaeology — lending it an interdisciplinary nature. The scholarly apparatus of the publication, particularly the compilation of documents and literature, holds intrinsic value, offering a concise history of Circassian toponymy and providing a comprehensive overview of the book’s source material. This publication will undoubtedly be of significant interest to specialists in Adyghe toponymy as well as to local historians and guides.

Discourses on Marital Relationships in Mamlūk Society. Changing Contexts and Evolving Social Realities

In this paper I intend to examine the fiqh rulings concerning women and the marital relations in the Mamlūk age (1250–1517 AD). However, fiqh manuals cannot adequately portray the reality of women and the marital relationship. They are complex, multifaceted and contextual; they were in a constant state of negotiation with social, political, and economic factors. To contest the authoritativeness of these legal texts, I will juxtapose the legal sources with non‑legal texts. I will consult historical and literary texts, biographical dictionaries, adab literature and poetry, assessing them in comparison to the legal manuals. Looking into the various genres and sources one will clearly realize that there were different pertinent discourses that were all standing side by side, and none of them may claim exclusive validity. It is not possible to resolve the contradiction and ambiguity in the sources regarding the perplexing marital relations. However, I hope that through a combination of historical‑critical research, literary and textual analysis as well as an understanding of the methods and goals of the producers of texts, one can reach a better understanding of the marital relations in the Mamlūk Age.

Re(cover)ing Revelations: Formulating Black Ancestral Text Analysis in Education Research

Traditional research on Blackness in education often renders Black people nonhuman (Wynter, 1994). In this article, we formulate Black ancestral text analysis, a qualitative research method in which Black thinkers excavate the ancestral knowledges offered in intellectual texts. Our method rejects the white gaze of counting and condemning Black people in education research by reflecting on Black interiority and analyzing the texts that Black intellectuals produce. This article offers a set of research protocol questions to guide an analysis of how Black thinkers re(cover) un/seen, embodied, and alternative knowledges from multigenre historical and literary texts. Through this qualitative approach, we gather information about the texts, including knowledge about the story, the storyteller/storytelling, and the storage (the archival collection). Further, through deep meditation, we come to understand ancestral knowledge, or alternative forms of knowledge when reflecting on the un/seen and the silences in texts. Black ancestral text analysis emerged from a curiosity to explore alternative forms of knowledge and recovery in education research. We present an example of this ancestral knowledge excavation process using Wynter’s critique of the inner eye, school curriculum, student activism outlined in news articles, and Alvin Ailey’s (1960) “Revelations.” We conclude with a discussion of the communal obligations and ethical commitments of abstracting alternative knowledges within Black education research.

Tereza Stanislavovna Holub. Textual criticism and textualists

The scientific collection about the life and work of T. S. Golub, a famous Belarusian literary critic and textual critic, winner of the M. Goretsky Literary Prize, traces the main stages of her scientific path, analyzes the contribution of the researcher to the development of national textual studies. The publication contains biographical and bio–bibliographic information about T. S. Golub, as well as describes her method of textual preparation of publications of multi-volume academic collections of works by classics of Belarusian literature – Yakub Kolas, Yanka Kupala, Mаksim Goretsky, Ivan. Shamyakin et al., carried out by a team of scientists from the Institute of Belarusian Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The publication ends with an analytical article by T. S. Golub “On the centenary of the textual history of Belarusian literature».

Salvation Through Womanhood: The Doctrine of Woman Leadership and Portrayal of Ko P'allye as the Great Mother in Chŭngsando

Abstract: The South Korean religion of Chŭngsando places pronounced emphasis on women by teaching that their emancipation is a precondition for surviving an apocalyptic transition, whereafter gender inequities will end. It further highlights the role of historical personage and mother, Ko P'allye (1880–1935), in the early history of the Chŭngsan movement as having been an active subject and the religious successor to male founder, Chŭngsan Kang Ilsun (1871–1909). This doctrine, and Chŭngsando's scriptual portrayal of Ko are explicitly challenging to traditional and contemporary patriarchy, yet it is Chŭngsando's current male leader, An Kyŏngjŏn, who has elevated these elements to a greater degree than any other sect. This article examines representations of womanhood and motherhood within Chŭngsando's current scripture through a close reading of the gendered aspects of the doctrine and portrayal of Ko P'allye. While addressing the textual history, it approaches the scripture as a cultural text for which the most recent version offers the richest elaboration. It analogizes to popular culture to interpret a core characteristic of the text: interplay of the mundane (historical reality) and the extraordinary (religious content). It meanwhile historicizes the tensions with structural patriarchy by situating the Chŭngsan religion as a subaltern salvationist movement. I argue the doctrine and portrayal are neither invention nor contradictory to the movement but trace to two historical forces: emancipatory discourse(s) of women, and Ko's own lived reality as a subaltern.

A Rediscovered Codex of the Old Church Slavonic Translation of the Books of the Kingdoms

This article opens up hitherto unexplored avenues of research into the textual transmission of the Old Church Slavonic version of the Books of the Kingdoms (1-2 Samuel and 1-2 Kings in the Hebrew Bible), undertaken from the Septuagint by an anonymous Bulgarian translator no later than the late 9th – early 10th centuries. The focus is on a mid-15th century South Slavic manuscript, which until the early eighties of the XX century was kept in the Croatian Historical Museum in Zagreb under the call number R-38. Its subsequent place of preservation remained unknown for a few decades until in 2021 the author succeeded in tracking it down in the town of Pakrac, in Western Slavonia, Croatia. The codex, which is today in the possession of the Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Slavonia, stands out not only for being the only surviving testimony of the translation written in Resava orthography, but also for its unique linguistic and textual features, making it a precious witness for investigating the translation’s oldest textual layer. Specifically, it differs from any other existing source because of its textual arrangement. Furthermore, it appears to be very conservative from a linguistic standpoint given it comprises lexical, grammatical and syntactical archaisms. The analysis of its textual readings proves it not to be a direct copy either of one of the surviving Middle Bulgarian or of the existing East Slavic testimonies; rather it unexpectedly represents an additional third, hitherto completely unexplored branch of transmission. Consequently, this recently rediscovered codex is a source of exceptional significance, particularly since it enriches our understanding of the textual history of the Old Church Slavonic translation of the Books of the Kingdoms.

Some Linguistic Evidence against Crèvecoeur's Oneida Adoption

Abstract: One of the disputed elements of Crèvecoeur's biography is the question of whether or not he was ever adopted by the Oneida. In this article, I review the evidence in favor of his adoption and trace the history of this claim. I use a linguistically driven approach to argue that this evidence is unsuitable, and I provide previously unused evidence to suggest that, although he may have been granted an Indigenous name, he was never really adopted by, or even particularly familiar with, the Oneida. In this way, I aim to encourage the broader consideration of linguistics in interpreting historical texts and understanding the past, while highlighting the importance of Indigenous languages to the study of early American texts.

Relevance of Kautilya’s Arthashastra concerning Contemporary Hybrid Warfare

The concept of hybrid warfare, known by the increasingly indistinct and blurred lines between conventional and unconventional tactics, has surfaced as a serious threat in the contemporary security landscape. Since the threats have been evolving rapidly, it becomes paramount for nations to have their countermeasures ready. This research investigates the ability of the ancient Indian treatise, Arthashastra, to suffice as a countermeasure to hybrid threats. This paper highlights not only the analysis of the articulation of warfare strategies but also the non-military strategies traced in the Arthashastra and tests its potential further in light of the 21st century’s complexities and hybrid warfare. The analysis tries to contribute to the ongoing discourse on hybrid warfare by exploring a historical text and trying to establish a link between ancient wisdom and contemporary security challenges, offering insights to tackle the complexities of hybrid warfare.

The use of Translation Shifts Theory in Chinese Translation of military historical texts

The use of Translation Shifts Theory in Chinese Translation of military historical texts

Evolution of Human Races and the advent of Aryans in South Asia

This study investigates the Aryan race's origins, migration into India, and their transformative impact on South Asian civilization. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research synthesizes secondary sources, including historical texts, scholarly articles, and archaeological findings, to provide a detailed account of Aryan influence. The findings reveal that Aryans migrated into India between 500 and 2500 BC, interacting with various indigenous groups like the Austric and Darwin races. Their arrival marked a significant shift from simpler, egalitarian societies based on agriculture and animal husbandry to a more complex social structure with hierarchical class systems and centralized governance. The Aryans introduced new administrative practices and social norms, laying the groundwork for a more structured society. Furthermore, the Aryans played a crucial role in the establishment and promotion of Hinduism, incorporating ethical principles from religious texts into their governance and cultural practices. This integration fostered the development of enduring Hindu festivals, rituals, and traditions that continue to be celebrated today. The research underscores the Aryans' pivotal role in shaping India's cultural and societal landscape. It provides valuable insights for historians and scholars of South Asian studies, enhancing the understanding of early human migration, cultural integration, and the formation of ancient civilizations in the Indian subcontinent.

Fifty Key Stage Musicals

In a post-pandemic climate, how might we, as instructors, challenge our students to infuse their knowledge of musical theatre history into their craft? Fifty Key Stage Musicals, edited by Robert W. Schneider and Shannon Agnew, is a refreshing musical theatre history text that illustrates Broadway’s changing tides while focusing on fifty innovative musicals...

Incorporating Teaching-Learning Materials in the English Language Classroom: A Narrative Inquiry on Edufluencers’ Textual Cycles

In recent years, there has been a notable shift in the attention given to language learning materials, particularly those designed for English language learning. However, previous literature has concentrated on various aspects like materials design and development, materials evaluation and adaptation, all while leaving out a crucial aspect: the actual use of English Language Teaching (ELT) materials by teachers and learners. Thus, this study aims to explore how Edufluencers, a group of influential teachers entrusted as the voice of the Ministry of Education Malaysia, incorporate teaching-learning materials in their English language classrooms and the factors that influence their textual cycles. Narrative inquiry through oral history text will be employed in adopting a qualitative research approach. Purposive sampling will be used to select the respondents of this study. Online semi-structured interviews, together with document analysis on social media posts and lesson plans, will then be conducted. Subsequently, the collected data will be analysed to gain invaluable insights and enlighten educators, policymakers, and other stakeholders on how to improve the language learning experience.

국립중앙박물관 소장 청자 투각칠보문뚜껑 향로를 받치는 토끼 조형의 맥락과 함의

This study discusses the symbolism of the rabbit statue on the base of a celadon incense burner with an openwork auspicious-character design lid in the National Museum of Korea. Chapter II analyzes the overall design of the incense burner, pointing out that although the rabbit statue is small in size, it is a three-dimensional figure with detailed carving of each part of the body and inlaid techniques used to express the eyes, making it an important component that embodies artistry beyond a simple base. Chapter III explores the spectrum of perceptions of the rabbit by examining rabbit sculptures from before the Goryeo period. As a symbol of fertility and longevity, thought to be a guide to the quick passage of the souls of the dead to the afterlife, rabbits were attached to funerary urns in the Silla period. They were depicted as moon symbols in Goguryeo tomb paintings and Unified Silla roof-end tiles. In Unified Silla, rabbits were also carved into royal tombs as members of the Twelve Great Deities to show the despotic kingship of the kings guarding the tomb, or were majestically displayed in stupas to represent the authority of Bhaisajyaguru. In Chapter IV, the meaning of the three rabbits supporting the incense burner was derived from three aspects. First, the intention of the rabbit's representation on the incense was inferred from the similarities between the rabbit's self-sacrifice and the offering of incense in The Jataka Tales of the Rabbit's Original Life (Sasa Jataka), which is to burn oneself and offer it to the gods. Since the rabbit was Buddha in the previous life, the life in which he practiced the great act of selflessness, it is believed that the rabbit was chosen to stand alone on the base of the incense burner, even though it does not symbolize absolute physical power. Through this carving of the rabbit, it can be seen that the 12th-century Goryeo people understood the offering of incense and the act of self-sacrifice in the same context. Second, the appearance of rabbits in historical texts and geographical journals from the Three Kingdoms and Goryeo periods was examined. In doing so, the chapter describes who recognized rabbits as auspicious animals in addition to being a symbol in Buddhism. Third, it discusses the internationalization of Goryeo culture, which is reflected in the sculpture of the atlas that supports the top. It is interpreted that the incense burner represents the cosmopolitanism of Goryeo culture because the rabbit statue on the incense burner was arranged in a form similar to the atlas statues popular in ancient Greece, Persia, and India and spread along the Silk Road.

Taboos and Transgressions: Social Perceptions of Dark Art Practices in Imperial Rome and Ancient Sri Lanka

This research aims to illuminate the intricate socio-cultural dynamics surrounding "Dark Art" practices in two divergent historical contexts: Imperial Rome and Ancient Sri Lanka. By delving into the perceptions, taboos, and transgressions associated with these practices, the study offers a nuanced understanding of how these societies grappled with the shadowy realms of occultism, magic, and mysticism. This research also sheds light on the complex social perceptions of these practices while underlining the critical role of secondary readings in unravelling the intricacies of these enigmatic traditions. The research will span across distinct historical periods, focusing on pivotal epochs, including the Imperial Roman period and corresponding eras in Ancient Sri Lankan history. Through rigorous analysis of historical texts, secondary readings, archaeological artefacts, and socio-anthropological insights, this study will uncover specific Dark Art practices that were prevalent within each cultural landscape. With a keen focus on societal perceptions, the study will examine how these practices were positioned within broader cultural narratives and power structures. By investigating the taboos and transgressions associated with Dark Art, it seeks to explore how these practices challenged normative boundaries and potentially disrupted the established social order. The role of gender and social status will be scrutinized to discern if marginalized groups had a distinct involvement in or resistance against these practices. By conducting this cross-cultural analysis, the research aims to contribute to a deeper comprehension of the complex interplay between Dark Arts, social norms, and transgressions. This study not only enriches historical scholarship but also offers insights into how societies historically negotiated the tension between the allure of the forbidden and the preservation of societal cohesion. Ultimately, by unravelling the intricacies of these practices and their societal responses, the study endeavours to shed light on the perennial fascination with the arcane and the forbidden.

Sheikh Al-Khaleesi in the book “Faisal I, King of Iraq”

Criticism of historical books is known for its positive and negative critical evaluation of their historical content. It involves analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the book and assessing its historical scholarly quality. In this historical scientific study, we attempted to provide implicit detailed analytical criticism and evaluate the historical text of the book "Faisal I, King of Iraq." We focused on studying, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from the religious authority of the Khaleeji lineage in the city of Kazimiyah and its religious and political impact on modern Iraqi history. Throughout this study, we presented the reader with a brief introduction to the basic information about the book and its author. We analyzed the historical content of the book by rephrasing the author's conclusions and providing comments supported by documents on each conclusion related to the topic of the Khaleeji family leaders, Sheikh Mahdi and his son Sheikh Muhammad Al-Khaleesi. We also considered the author's writing style and evaluated the organization of the book presented for study and its use of references and other methodological aspects¹.
 Contemporary Iraqi history holds significant importance in scientific studies across its political, historical, and social aspects. Recognizing the historical memory of this intellectual heritage and invoking it for successive generations through a rigorous scientific approach is crucial. Our study specifically analyzed the positions of the Khaleeji religious authority in the book "Faisal I, King of Iraq," which comprehensively documents the life of one of the most significant rulers in Iraq's entire history. Faisal I stands out as a prominent figure in the Middle East during a sensitive historical period. His role was pivotal in establishing modern Iraq in 1921. As nations take pride in their national heroes, fighters, and martyrs, the Iraqi memory should always honor the life milestones of Ayatollah Sheikh Muhammad Mahdi Al-Khaleesi (1860-1925), who was a national hero and a fighter. He also served as the highest religious authority during the reign of King Faisal I¹.

Missing Poetry: A historiography of Albanian Literature during the Communist Regime

The paper aims at a panoramic view of the partial representation of Albanian poetry in the texts of the history of Albanian literature published during the dictatorship period (1945–1990). The fragmentary presentation of Albanian poetry and poets in informative scholarly and university texts on literature highlights the complications and the problems derived from this one-sided representation. The information gained only after the fall of the dictatorship, changed the situation regarding the literary values specifically related to poetry. What crucial representative texts on Albanian literary history were published during the dictatorship? Who were the most noticeable authors and poets, and why were they set aside, censored, imprisoned, executed, and not published? The answers suggest that only thanks to political change and awareness of literature can the reader today reassess this missing part of Albanian literature in historical texts published during the communist regime.
 The methodology relies on a historical, analytical, and critical approach to the most representative authors and their texts that is intertwined with factual data. The conclusions reinforce the idea that any evaluation of the literary process dictated by extra-literary principles damages the natural literary process. The revitalisation of literature after the 1990s, although with much delay, restored the natural process of aesthetic assessment. Now we can reassess the best part of that missing poetry.

KONSEP SOSIOLOGIS DALAM PENDIDIKAN PERSPEKTIF IBN KHALDUN

Education and social development are things that are mutually integrated and provide mutually beneficial effects. Ibn Khaldun is one of the figures who dared to create an excellent design for social science in the Middle Ages. This discussion aims to discover Ibn Khaldun's concept of education in social development. This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of literature study. Data was collected by exploring historical texts and research results related to social and educational concepts from the Khalduniyan perspective. The results of the study found that social relations that begin with the term "Ashabiyah" have had a positive effect on the success of education in society, as the view is that the goal of society is to pass on culture to the next generation, so it needs to be equipped with the concept of "ashabiyah" which can help create it. a social group that is strong and able to preserve and pass on cultural values ​​to future generations, based on these ashabiyah relationships, education will be better formulated because these bonds of solidarity help give birth to peace and create cohesion between fellow tribes and communities and ashabiyah relationships which can have a negative impact on the quality of education in society.