Textile Prices Research Articles

Innovative biorefineries for cleaner waste textile management towards circular economy: Techno-economic analysis

The primary practices for waste textile management are landfill and incineration, generating serious environmental problems while they have a high potential for sustainable production of different green products. This study dealt with the economic analysis of bioethanol production and polyester recovery from waste textile through different scenarios. The pretreatment plays a key role in the biofuel production from waste textile and the most promising methods are pretreatment with NaOH, NaOH/urea, NaOH/thiourea, NaOH/urea/thiourea, and N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide, evaluated through scenarios 1 to 5, respectively. After pretreatment, the cotton part is enzymatically hydrolyzed and fermented through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Detailed simulations of the processes were carried out by Aspen Plus, and economic studies were conducted by Aspen Process Economic Analyzer for each scenario. The bioethanol production price were 0.447, 0.524, 0.624, 0.618, and 1.244 $/L for scenarios 1 to 5. The total capital investments required for scenarios 1 to 5 were 38.54, 38.60, 38.42, 38.57, and 39.35 M$, respectively. The profitability index for scenarios 1 to 5 were 2.17, 1.92, 1.61, 1.34, and 1.51. Therefore, the biorefinery based on producing bioethanol from waste textile is economically feasible. Moreover, In scenario 1, the payout period was the minimum time of 3.56 year, and the net return rate was 117.16. Sensitivity analysis also reveals that the price of waste textile has a significant impact on the profitability of the designed biorefinery. Scenario 5 is the most sensitive to variations in waste textile price; a 100% increase in the cost of waste textile increases the cost of producing bioethanol to more than 1.45 $/L, respectively.

Industrial Revolution and Deindustrialization of Indian History – An Overview

The idea that India suffered deindustrialization during the 19th century has a long pedigree. The image of skilled weavers thrown back on the soil was a powerful metaphor for the economic stagnation Indian nationalists believed was brought on by British rule. However, whether and why deindustrialization actually happened in India remains open to debate. Quantitative evidence on the overall level of economic activity in 18th and 19th century India is scant, let alone evidence on its breakdown between agriculture, industry, and services. Most of the existing assessments of deindustrialization rely on very sparse data on employment and output shares. Data on prices are much more plentiful, and this paper offers a new (price dual) assessment of deindustrialization in 18th and 19th century India supported by newly compiled evidence on relative prices. A simple model of deindustrialization links relative prices to employment shares. We think the paper sheds new light on whether and when deindustrialization happened, whether it was more or less dramatic in India than elsewhere, and what its likely causes were. The existing literature primarily attributes India’s deindustrialization to Britain’s productivity gains in textile manufacture and to the world transport revolution. Improved British productivity, first in cottage production and then in factory goods, led to declining world textile prices, making production in India increasingly uneconomic (Roy 2002). These forces were reinforced by declining sea freight rates which served to foster trade and specialization for both Britain and India. As a result, Britain first won over India’s export market and eventually took over its domestic market as well. This explanation for deindustrialization was a potent weapon in the Indian nationalists’ critique of colonial rule (see e.g. Dutt 1906/1960, Nehru 1947). The historical literature suggests a second explanation for deindustrialization in the economic malaise India suffered following the dissolution of Mughal hegemony in the 18th century. We believe the turmoil associated with this political realignment ultimately led to aggregate supply-side problems for Indian manufacturing, even if producers in some regions benefited from the new order. While deindustrialization is easy enough to define, an assessment of its short and long run impact on living standards and GDP growth is more contentious and hinges on the root causes of deindustrialization.

PENGARUH HARGA TEKSTIL DUNIA DAN KURS DOLLAR TERHADAP NILAI EKSPOR TEKSTIL DAN PRODUK TEKSTIL (TPT) DI 3 NEGARA ASEAN

Abstract This study aims to analyze the effect of the movement of world textile prices and the dollar exchange rate on the export value of textiles and textile products in ASEAN countries from 1990-2017 by using the OLS model with multiple linear regression methods. The countries studied were Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. The results of this study indicate that the world textile prices variable has a positive coefficient, meaning that the relationship between the world textile prices and export value of TPT is positive. While the dollar exchange rate coefficient value is negative, which shows that the relationship of dollar exchange rate with esport value of TPT is negative. This is contrary to the hypothesis, the cause occurs minus the exchange rate is very sharp decline because textile exporting countries such as Malaysia and Thailand do not have enough raw materials. Unlike Indonesia, it has a lot of raw materials. Keywords: Exchange Rates, Exports, World Textile Prices, Multiple Linear Regression

The Determinants of Indonesian Textile’s and Clothing Export to the Five Countries of Export Destination

Indonesian textile and clothing products (TPT) is the second-largest export product after oil palm product. There are five biggest export destination countries, that is the United States, Japan, South Korea, and Turkey. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect TPT exports to the five biggest export destination countries. The factors that affect TPT exports examined by using time series and panel data analysis. Using panel data analysis finds that GDP per capita of the destination country, the exchange rate of the Rupiah, the price of textiles in the destination country, and import tariffs stipulate in the destination country affect TPT exports. Then, using time series analysis finds that GDP per capita and import tariffs affected TPT export to the United States, China, and Turkey. Meanwhile, the factors influencing Indonesian textile exports to Japan and South Korea are textile prices, rupiah exchange rates, and import tariffs.JEL Classification: F14, F43How to Cite:Irvansyah, F., Siregar, H., & Novianti, T. (2020). The Determinants of Indonesian Textile’s and Clothing Export to the Five Countries of Export Destination. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(1), 19 – 30. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i1.14845.

The Role of China in the UK Relative Imports from Three Selected Trading Regions: The Case of Textile Raw Material Industry.

The UK textile industry was very prosperous in the past but in the 1970s Britain started to import textile materials from abroad. Since 1990, half of its textile materials have been imported from the EEA (European Economic Area), ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and North America countries. Meanwhile, UK imports from China have increased dramatically. Through comparisons, this paper calculates the trade competitiveness index and relative competitive advantages of regions and investigates the impact of Chinese textiles on UK imports from three key free trade regions across the textile sectors in the period 1990–2016 on the basis of United Nation Comtrade Rev. 3. We find that China’s textile prices, product techniques, political trade barriers and even tax system have made a varied impact on the UK’s imports across related sectors in the context of green trade and the strengthening of barriers, which helps us recognize China’s competitiveness in international trading and also provides advice on China’s sustainable development of textile exports.

The Determinants of the Textile Index: Linear or Nonlinear

This paper analyzes the Keqiao Textile Index of China, which reflects China Textile City, the leading wholesale textile market in China. China Textile City is a textile entrepot with the most extensive scale and the largest line of business in China, and it is the largest specialized market for light textile in Asia as well. Thus, it is worthwhile to analyze this index. In this paper, 10 variables that represent the factors that significantly influence the Textile Index are selected from the set of possible variables that are deemed to be valid to the index. 6 variables are identified as nonlinear and 4 as linear by the nonparametric method. Then, varying-coefficient partially linear models are established, dividing the index into five terms: one nonparametric term and four linear terms. Each of the five terms comprises approximately 20% of the index, with the linear terms accounting for nearly 80%. Among the six nonparametric variables, cotton index A plays the most important role. The empirical and simulated results consistently show that the percent of each of the five terms would not vary substantially during the sample period if cotton index A were not more than twice the sample mean. Thus, textile prices can be regulated by properly adjusting the cotton price.

ANALISIS DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN MAKROEKONOMI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN INDUSTRI TEKSTIL DAN PRODUK TEKSTIL INDONESIA

Textile and textile’s product play an important role in the Indonesian economy. During the last five years, however, share of these industries and commodities to gross domestic product tend to decrease. The objectives of this study are to analyze factors affecting Indonesian textile and textile’s product, and the prospect of Indonesian textile and textile’s product in the future. Results of the study show that domestic textile production was affected by world cotton price and wage rate, while the domestic garment production was affected by wage rate in the garment sector. Indonesia’s textile export to world market was influenced by domestic textile price, and Indonesia’s export garment was influenced by exchange rate (Rp/US$). Indonesian textile demand was affected by wage rate and domestic garment demand was affected by income per capita of Indonesia. In general, the prospect of Indonesian textile and textile’s product seems not too good. In fact, Indonesian textile and textile’s product had depended on high import cotton, investment, and exchange rate. So why, economy policies are still needed to accelerate Indonesian textile and textile’s product development.JEL Classification: C53, E60, F43, and F4.Keywords: export, open economy, forecasting, simulation, textile and textile’s product.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF MACROECONOMIC POLICIES ON TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND ITS PRODUCTS IN INDONESIA

Textile and textile’s product play an important role in the Indonesian economy. During the last five years, however, share of these industries and commodities to gross domestic product tend to decrease. The objectives of this study are to analyze factors affecting Indonesian textile and textile’s product, and the prospect of Indonesian textile and textile’s product in the future. Results of the study show that domestic textile production was affected by world cotton price and wage rate, while the domestic garment production was affected by wage rate in the garment sector. Indonesia’s textile export to world market was influenced by domestic textile price, and Indonesia’s export garment was influenced by exchange rate (Rp/US$). Indonesian textile demand was affected by wage rate and domestic garment demand was affected by income per capita of Indonesia. In general, the prospect of Indonesian textile and textile’s product seems not too good. In fact, Indonesian textile and textile’s product had depended on high import cotton, investment, and exchange rate. So why, economy policies are still needed to accelerate Indonesian textile and textile’s product developmentJEL Classification: C53, E60, F43, and F4.Keywords: export, open economy, forecasting, simulation, textile and textile’s product.

Productivity Trend in Korea from the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Century: A Comment on Jun, Lewis, and Kang

In a recent article published in this Journal, Jun Seong Ho, James Lewis, and Kang Han-Rog described the seve teenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth c nturies in the Korean economic history as periods of expansion, stability, and decline, respectively. Without clarifying whether it is the aggregate or per capita output that they claim to have expanded, stabilized, and then declined, the authors further argued that the trend is explicable in terms of productivity, which was in turn attributed primarily to policy measures affecting irrigation, security of property rights, and famine relief.1 Productivity remains a term imprecisely defined in the article. In the article, Jun, Lewis, and Kang spend no time discussing evidence on factor and asset prices. Such data is readily available. In fact, the authors have published such series themselves.2 The evidence on factor and asset prices indicate that the marginal productivity of land and labor declined consistently, rather than expanded, stabilized, and then declined in the precolonial centuries. Jun, Lewis, and Kang inferred productivity trends from the movement in commodity prices. Having claimed that the relative price of cotton cloth declined from the mid eighteenth to mid-nineteenth century, they interpreted the alleged decline as an indication of falling productivity in rice farming. Of the eleven observations on the relative price in the two centuries in Figure 1 (on p. 254), the last three appear to have been made after 1876, the year when cotton textile imports from Britain began to depress cotton textile prices in Korea. The remaining eight?five for the eighteenth century and three for the nineteenth century?data points hardly justify the claim of rice having risen vis-a-vis cotton cloth after 1800. Moreover, even if one chooses to believe so, the perception could equally be interpreted as showing faster productivity growth in cotton textile production. The other evidence presented to support the claim of falling productivity is the rise in the rice price in terms of copper coin in the second half of the nineteenth century (figure on p. 255). However, in all likelihood, the inflation from 1876 onward was a consequence of the opening of port in 1876. In the following decades, agricultural exports expanded rapidly, causing not only the rice price, but also prices of dry field products to surge. The figure also shows that the rice price in terms of silver did not start to rise until 1876, which suggests that the rice price inflation in the third quarter

Distortions of Sino‐US and Sino‐EU Safeguard Agreements: Effects on World Textile Markets

AbstractThe effects of Sino‐US and Sino‐EU safeguard agreements on US, Chinese and world cotton and textile sectors are investigated using a partial equilibrium model. The effects are compared to a free trade scenario under the provisions of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing. The two safeguard agreements capping Chinese textile exports would decrease China's textile and apparel exports, production, and domestic consumption by an average 1.57, 0.63 and 0.32 percent, respectively. The safeguard agreements cause an increase in the US cotton textile price index and a slight decrease in US net textile imports and textile consumption. The agreements cause a decrease in the world cotton price and the quantity of cotton traded, but these trends reverse at safeguard expiration. The results generally support the view that the safeguard agreements forestall the effects of free trade in textiles and apparel rather than creating long lasting shifts in the textile trade.

El arduo tránsito hacia la modernidad: Historia de la industria textil colombiana durante la primera mitad del siglo XX

Este libro de Santiago Montenegro analiza la historia de la industria textil colombiana durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. El autor pre-senta informacion valiosa sobre la fundacion y desarrollo de las princi-pales fabricas durante ese periodo. Senala que los capitales iniciales en la industria provenian del comercio, lo que refuta las afirmaciones de autores que han considerado que cafeteros e industriales eran las mis-mas personas.

Cotton textile prices revisited: a response to Cuenca Esteban

prices during the industrial revolution. His exploration of the partial evidence on current values of exports and on the East India Company's sales contributed significantly to our understanding of price movements during this period. His work stimulated my research in the surviving firm records. None the less, I continue to believe that he is mistaken in his conclusions. Three issues require response. First, he argues that his cotton textile prices estimate seriously undermines the Crafts-Harley view of British economic growth. Second, he maintains that my procedure seriously underestimates the decline in the price of cotton textiles between the 1790s and the end of the Napoleonic Wars. And third, he asserts the superiority of his estimates based on export valuations. I wish to challenge all three of these assertions. The Crafts-Harley view, properly understood, would not be weakened if cotton textile prices, in fact, fell as fast as Cuenca asserts. However, analytic issues we have discussed but have not emphasized in our presentations would now need emphasis. Certainly gaps in the data make the series of cotton textile prices that I presented weaker than I could hope, but Cuenca's alternative calculations rely on a serious misunderstanding and some questionable assertions. Finally, his belief in the a priori superiority of the trade data cannot be accepted. I While there is no doubt that competing estimates of the rate of decline of cotton textile prices significantly affect interpretation of the history of cotton textiles, I would like first to confront their importance to our understanding of the beginnings of sustained growth in British per caput income. The Crafts-Harley challenge to previously held views of the industrial revolution arose from re-examination of Hoffmann's and Deane and Cole's industrial production estimates. We found no evidence of significant acceleration in per caput growth in any but the famous industries. When we constructed new industrial production indices, largely using Hoffmann's sources, we found that the pioneering estimates had unintentionally overstated aggregate growth. The modest per caput acceleration in the growth of aggregate industrial production that our calculations revealed came almost entirely from the famous industries. Furthermore, our lower estimates of the growth of industrial production led to the conclusion that per caput growth of British national income had been modest before the railway age.

Factory costs, market prices, and Indian calicos: cotton textile prices revisited, 1779‐1831

Factory costs, market prices, and Indian calicos: cotton textile prices revisited, 1779‐1831

Cotton Textile Prices and the Industrial Revolution

The Economic History ReviewVolume 51, Issue 1 p. 49-83 Cotton Textile Prices and the Industrial Revolution C. Knick Harley, C. Knick HarleySearch for more papers by this author C. Knick Harley, C. Knick HarleySearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 January 2003 https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0289.00083Citations: 41AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume51, Issue1February 1998Pages 49-83 RelatedInformation

The decline of textile prices in England and British America prior to industrialization

D espite high inflation, English textile prices did not rise, and in some cases fell substantially between the second half of the sixteenth and the early eighteenth century. We usually associate such drops in textile prices with mechanization and the factory system of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, not with the rural industries of the early modern period. Textile prices in the I3 colonies fell even more substantially between the later seventeenth and the later eighteenth century. The issue of price is important for a number of reasons, not the least being its impact upon material well-being. Lower prices for a particular good usually render it more affordable for consumers. On the other hand, a lower priced commodity can mean a poorer standard of living for the producers, if their income remains constant or falls, while the costs of other goods rise. Because textile workers represented a sizeable proportion of the manufacturing population during the early modern period, the impact of changing prices on their welfare must be considered.

The Decline of Textile Prices in England and British America Prior to Industrialization

The Decline of Textile Prices in England and British America Prior to Industrialization

British Textile Prices, 1770-1831: Are British Growth Rates Worth Revising Once Again?

British Textile Prices, 1770-1831: Are British Growth Rates Worth Revising Once Again?

British textile prices, 1770-1831: are British growth rates worth revising once again?

British textile prices, 1770-1831: are British growth rates worth revising once again?

Textile Markets: Their Structure in Relation to Price Research. Report of the Committee on Textile Price Research to the Conference on Price Research

Textile Markets: Their Structure in Relation to Price Research. Report of the Committee on Textile Price Research to the Conference on Price Research

Book Reviews

Abstract Elements of Statistical Reasoning, by Alan E. Treloar. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1939. xi, 261 pp. $3.25. Reviewed by Joseph Berkson, M.D. Theory of Probability, by Harold Jeffreys. New York: Oxford University Press. 1939. vi, 380 pp. $7.00. Reviewed by J. Neyman The Variate Difference Method, by Gerhard Tintner. Bloomington, Indiana: Principia Press, Inc. 1940. 175 pp. $2.50. Reviewed by M. A. Girshick Applied General Statistics, by Frederick E. Croxton and Dudley J. Cowden. New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1939. xviii, 944, xiii pp. $4.00. Reviewed by L. Edwin Smart Théorie Mathématique du Bridge à la Portée de Tous, by Émile Borel and André Chéron. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. Vol. V of the series ‘Monographies des Probabilités,’ published under the direction of E. Borel. 1940. xi, 392 pp. 175 fr. Reviewed by J. Neyman Corporate Size and Earning Power, by William Leonard Crum. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Harvard Studies in Monopoly and Competition. 1939. xi, 418 pp. $4.00. Reviewed by S. H. Nerlove Textile Markets, Their Structure in Relation to Price Research. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research. Report of the Committee on Textile Price Research to the Conference on Price Research. Price Studies No. 2. 1939. xx, 266 pp. $3.00. Reviewed by William R. Curtis Price Research in the Steel and Petroleum Industries. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research. Prepared for the Conference on Price Research. Price Studies No. 3. 1939. xiii, 170 pp. $2.00. Reviewed by William R. Curtis Competition Among Grains, by N. Jasny. Stanford University, California: Food Research Institute. 1940. xiii, 606 pp. $4.00. Reviewed by Sherman E. Johnson The Control of Competition in Canada, by Lloyd G. Reynolds. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1940. xiv, 324 pp. $3.50. Reviewed by Edgar M. Hoover, Jr. Control of International Trade, by Heinrich Heuser. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co., Inc. 1939. xii, 282 pages. $3.50. Reviewed by Gottfried Haberler English Theories of Central Banking Control, 1819–1858, With Some Account of Contemporary Procedure, by Elmer Wood. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Harvard Economic Studies, Vol. LXIV 1939. xiii, 250 pp. $5.00. Reviewed by Howard S. Ellis The Federal Income Tax, by Roy G. and Gladys C. Blakey. London, New York, Toronto: Longmans, Green and Co. 1940. xvii, 640 pp. $7.50. Reviewed by George O. May Capital Expansion, Employment, and Economic Stability, by Harold G. Moulton, George W. Edwards, James D. Magee, and Cleona Lewis. Washington, D. C.: The Brookings Institution. 1940. xv, 413 pp. $3.50. Reviewed by Solomon Fabricant Capital Investment in Africa, its Course and Effects, by S. Herbert Frankel. New York: Oxford University Press. 1938. xvi, 487 pp. $4.00. Reviewed by Alvin H. Hansen A Statistical Study of the Drawing Power of Cities for Retail Trade, by John Adams Pfanner, Jr. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1940.xii, 81 pp. $1.00. Reviewed by Paul T. Cherington Economic Consequences of the Seven-Hour Day and Wage Changes in the Bituminous Coal Industry, by Waldo E. Fisher. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1939. xv, 130 pp. $2.00. Reviewed by Theodore A. Veenstra Personal Finance Companies and Their Credit Practices, by Ralph A. Young and Associates. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1940. xix, 170 pp. $2.00. Reviewed by Louis N. Robinson International Boundaries: A Study of Boundary Functions and Problems, by S. Whittemore Boggs. New York: Columbia University Press. 1940. xvii, 272 pp. $3.25. Reviewed by Malcolm J. Proudfoot People, the Quantity and Quality of Population, by Henry Pratt Fairchild. New York: Henry Holt and Company. 1939. 315 pp. $2.25. Reviewed by A. B. Wolfe Social and Biological Aspects of Mental Disease, by Benjamin Malzberg. Utica, New York: State Hospitals Press, 1940. iv, 360 pp. $2.50. Reviewed by Harold F. Dorn