Physical Properties Of Fabrics Research Articles

Multivalent-copper-loaded layer-by-layer coating for antibacterial and instantaneous virucidal activity for protective textiles

Nanoarchitectured films are known for tailoring surface properties, while antimicrobial surfaces can reduce pathogen propagation in public spaces and on protective equipment. This study explores the layer-by-layer (LbL) method to create antiviral and antibacterial surfaces against disease transmission. Chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose films were assembled using LbL to incorporate ionic copper, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, onto textile substrates, such as those used in furnishings and personal protective equipment. Film assembly conditions favored the conversion of Cu(II) into multivalent copper, immediately inactivating the MHV-3 virus, Gram-negative (E. coli), and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. Mechanical tests demonstrate that copper ions have a low impact on the coating and textile physical properties, such as elasticity, tensile strength, and film roughness, by promoting ionic crosslinking of chitosan in the film, while the coating kept air permeability. The coating hydrophilicity and copper release profile were also tuned by the deposition of additional hydrophobic barriers, such as L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine phospholipid or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by spin-coating or plasma polymerization, respectively. Viral inactivation is achieved by the local release of copper ions in contaminated droplets. The coating may also act as a droplet-absorbing barrier, demonstrating the potential of these films for enhancing pathogen resistance and infection control in textile surfaces.

Improved recyclability of the superbase ionic liquid [MTBNH][AcO] used in the lyocell fiber spinning process

In the research of new solvents for cellulose dissolution for textile fiber production, some ionic liquids offer high dissolving capacities making them attractive solvents for lyocell processes. One especially interesting group is superbase carboxylates. However, despite their excellent pulp dissolving abilities and good spinnability properties in a lyocell process, they have been lacking hydrolytic stability, which hinders their recyclability. In this article, a new type of superbase-based ionic liquid, [MTBNH][AcO], is aimed to provide higher hydrolytic stability than its structural relative predecessors. For evaluation of the hydrolysis behavior of [MTBNH][AcO], we have tested the ionic liquid in two sets of recycling experiments. The “blank-experiments” were applied to investigate hydrolytic behavior without the presence of pulp. These values were compared with the results from spinning trials with pulp. It was found that this new ionic liquid is not only more stable than its predecessor [MTBDH][AcO] in terms of hydrolysis but can also dissolve and spin cellulose at lower temperatures. The spun fibers were tested for their textile-physical properties and their performance was comparable to other lyocell fibers.

The effects of dyeing and finishing processes on seam efficiency of cotton fabrics

The sewing process is a very important step in terms of fabric quality. Seam strength is affected by fabric-related properties as well as stitch-related parameters, and seam efficiency is found by the ratio of seam strength to fabric tensile strength. Therefore, processes that affect fabric tensile strength also affect seam strength. The effects of finishing and laundering processes on the physical properties of fabrics are extremely important as well as on the fastness properties. While reorganizing finishing processes in order to contribute to sustainability, the effects of the process on the physical properties of the fabrics may help make a decision. In this study, the effects of bleaching, dyeing, finishing and laundering processes on thickness, air permeability, tensile strength and elongation, seam strength and seam efficiency properties have been investigated. According to the results, it is observed that the mentioned processes are effective on the seam efficiency in different ways.

Study of Structural Parameters of Weft Knitted Spacer Fabrics on Wound Dressing Performance

This research aimed to develop wound dressings from weft-knitted spacer fabrics as an alternative to existing dressing options. A Stoll Type CMS530 HP electronic flat knitting machine was used to develop spacer weft knitted fabrics, which were tested with various experimental configurations by adjusting the linking distances, spacer yarn ratios, and inlays for proper optimization. Fabric physical and performance properties were evaluated to determine the application of wound dressings and the influence of structural differences. The result showed that the fabric with nylon-to-cotton yarn containing a linking distance setting of 6 needles at a ratio of 1:3, had the highest total performance value, making it the most appropriate fabric for exudate dressing in humid environmental conditions. The fabric with the highest water absorption capacity, and moisture management fabric type was the most effective.

Multifunctional finishes on photochromic microcapsule-printed cotton fabrics using titanium oxide nanoparticles

Purpose This paper aims to study the combination of photochromic microcapsules, which use the ultraviolet (UV) rays for colour changing phenomena, and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), which block the UV rays by their photocatalytic activity in the sunlight on the cotton fabric. Design/methodology/approach The TiO2 NPs mixed with photochromic printing paste are used for coating on cotton fabric and further curing is performed in a one-step process. The photochromic pigment printed fabric impregnated in a liquid solution is processed in a two-step process with two variables such as 1% TiO2 and 2% TiO2. The characterization of samples was done with a UV transmittance analyser, surface contact angle, antimicrobial test and fabric physical properties. Findings The UV protection of TiO2-treated photochromic printed fabric was high and gives the ultraviolet protection factor rating of 2,000 which denotes almost maximum blocking of UV rays. The antibacterial activity of the one-step samples shows the highest 36 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI) against S. aureus (gram-positive) and 32 mm ZOI against E. coli (gram-negative) bacteria. The one-step sample shows the highest static water contact angle of 118.6° representing more hydrophobicity, whereas the untreated fabric is fully wetted (0.4°). In two-step processes, as the concentration of TiO2 increased, the antibacterial activity, UV blocking and hydrophobicity became better. Originality/value This work achieves the multifunctional finishes by using photochromic microcapsules and NPs in a single process as a first attempt. The results inferred that one-step sample has achieved higher values in most of the tests conducted when compared to all other sample.

Interrelationships between cotton fiber quality traits and tensile properties of hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics

Cotton fibers can be used to produce nonwovens suitable for numerous single use applications including hygiene, wipes, and medical products among others. Cotton comprises a relatively small amount of total raw materials used in nonwovens production compared to the synthetic fibers of polyester and polypropylene, but the use of cotton fibers in nonwovens continues to increase due to demand for disposable products containing natural, sustainable, and biodegradable materials. However, the relationship between cotton fiber classification measurements and nonwoven fabric physical and functional properties are not well characterized. A better understanding of the effects of cotton fiber properties on nonwovens fabric properties will facilitate fiber selection for specific end-use applications. In this study, cotton fibers with broad distributions of fiber quality measurements from 10 recombinant inbred lines of a multi parent advanced generation intercross multiparent advanced generation intercross population were harvested and processed in their greige state into hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics of two distinct basis weights. Tensile testing of lightweight nonwovens indicated fiber length and tensile strength at break were positively correlated with fabric strength, whereas micronaire (air permeability of a fiber bundle) was negatively correlated indicating finer fibers contributed to increased fabric strength. Increased strength of heavyweight fabrics was mainly correlated with higher fiber uniformity index. These results suggest that cotton fibers could be selectively sourced based on fiber quality for specific nonwoven applications and establishes alternative market opportunities for cotton fibers classified as inferior and subject to discount pricing in the woven textile market.

Interfacial adhesion strength between FDM-printed PLA parts and surface-treated cellulosic-woven fabrics

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate surface treatments and fiber types on adhesion properties polylactic acid (PLA) three-dimensional (3D) parts printed on woven fabrics.Design/methodology/approachThe cotton, flax and jute fabrics were exposed to alkali, hydrogen peroxide, stearic acid and ionic liquid treatments to modify surface characteristics before PLA 3D printing. The modification efficiency was assessed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. Then, fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer and PLA filament were used for 3D printing onto the untreated and treated fabrics. The adhesion strength between the fabrics and PLA 3D parts were tested according to DIN 53530 via universal tensile tester.FindingsThe fabric structure is effective on adhesion force and greater values were observed for plain weave fabrics. Maximum separation forces were obtained for alkali pretreated fabrics among jute and cotton. Hydrogen peroxide treatment also increased adhesion forces for jute and cotton fabrics while decreasing for flax fabrics. Stearic acid and ionic liquid treatments reduced adhesion forces compared to untreated fabrics. Treatments are effective to alter adhesion via changing surface chemistry, surface morphology and fabric physical properties but display different effects related to fabric material.Originality/valueThis study provides experimental information about effects of different fiber types and surface treatments on adhesion strength of PLA 3D parts. There is limited research about comprehensive observation on 3D printing on cellulosic-woven fabrics.

Heat strain while wearing pesticide protective clothing in hot environments: Effects of textile physical properties and ambient humidity

The purpose of this study was to investigate heat strain while wearing pesticide protective clothing (PPC) with different physical properties in hot environments. Eight young males participated in the following three PPC conditions [polyester/cotton work clothing (IT = 1.26 clo, Ret = 42.0 m2·PaW−1), Tyvek coverall (1.16 clo, 47.5 m2·PaW−1), and commonly used nylon suit with a microporous membrane (1.42 clo, 54.1 m2·PaW−1)] and in two environmental conditions (32 °C with 50% RH and 32 °C with 80% RH). All physiological variables (rectal and mean skin temperature, heart rate, and physiological strain index) and most subjective perceptions showed greater values in the 80% RH than in the 50% RH environment (all p < 0.05). Physiological burden was greater in the commonly used nylon suit condition than in the polyester/cotton work clothing condition (all p < 0.05), but in many variables there were no statistical differences between the Tyvek and nylon suit condition, especially in the 80% RH environment. There were no differences in humidity sensation during exercise among the PPC conditions, whereas, during recovery, subjects felt more humid in the Tyvek or nylon suit than in the polyester/cotton work clothing condition (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the 30%-higher humidity induced a greater physiological burden. However, physiological or subjective burden would not always be proportional or inversely proportional to the physical property level of PPC but was affected more by heat exchange modes between the human body and ambient environments.

The Effect of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Synthetic Fabrics on the Release of Microplastics during Washing and Drying.

Synthetic fibers released during washing are the primary source of microplastic pollution. Hence, research on reducing the release of microplastic fibers during washing has recently attracted considerable attention. As a result of previous studies, there is a difference in the amount of microplastic emission according to various types of fabrics. To mitigate the release of microplastics, the study of the reason for the difference in the amount of microplastics is needed. Therefore, this study investigated different synthetic fabrics that release microplastics and the physical properties of the fabrics that affect the release of fibers. Three types of fabrics with different chemical compositions were analyzed. The washing and drying processes were improved by focusing on the mechanical factors that affected microplastic release. Furthermore, based on the mass of the collected microplastic fibers, it was found that the chemical compositions of the fabric can affect the microplastics released during washing and drying. This evaluation of physical properties helped to identify the physical factors that affect microplastic release. These results may provide a basis for reducing microplastic fiber types, thereby minimizing unintended environmental pollution.

A multifunctional composite membrane with photocatalytic, self-cleaning, oil/water separation and antibacterial properties

Multifunctional composite materials have attracted wide attention because they can be applied in many fields, and have great potential for application. The superhydrophobic surface has been favored by scientists in recent years because of its excellent properties. In this paper, carbon fabric (CF) with high porosity, good electrical conductivity and excellent flexibility was selected as substrate. The CF/Zr–TiO2/PDMS composites were prepared by solvo-thermal method on CF and modified by PDMS, which can be used in the fields of self-cleaning, self-healing, oil/water separation, antibacterial, anti-icing and so on. Furthermore, the PDMS modification has no or negligible adverse effect on the important textile physical properties of the CF. The effects of different process parameters on the structure and properties of CF/Zr–TiO2 were studied, and the samples with the best conditions were obtained. The results show that the sample achieves the transformation from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic after modification. The CF/Zr–TiO2/PDMS composite structure not only shows excellent photocatalytic activity, but also has a certain self-cleaning ability. The samples before and after modification can separate light oil/water and heavy oil/water respectively. Compared with CF/Zr–TiO2, CF/Zr–TiO2/PDMS has better anti-Escherichia coli ability.

Analysis of Color Fastness and Shrinkage of Dyed and Printed Linen/Silk Fabrics

In this study, we analyzed the impact of the dyeing and the digital printing processes of linen/silk fabric (70% linen/30% silk) on its color fastness and shrinkage in the directions of warp and weft. This is a highly relevant topic because a single fabric combines two natural fibers of different origins—silk, a protein, is animal-based, whereas linen is derived from cellulose and is, thus, plant-based. Therefore, the different natures of the two fibers determine distinctive chemical properties. As a result, selecting the optimal technological course of processing for blended yarn fabrics and their yarn is a challenging task. The quality of the conducted finishing is determined by the physical properties of fabrics, such as color fastness to perspiration; soap; dry friction and wet friction; the pH of the fabric after finishing; and the shrinkage of the fabric in the directions of warp and weft. Here, color fastness was assigned the top grade with respect to all potentially harmful factors, except for wet friction. The evaluation proves that the technological regimes employed for digital printing and dyeing in the production item’s fabrics were properly selected.

Production of Fabrics with Etherified Jute Blended Yarns

Different fabrics were prepared by plain weaving with the blended yarns made of etherified jute fibre in the ratio of 50:50 with cotton, rayon and polyester. The physical properties of fabrics from blended yarns have been compared with those of cotton fabrics made with the same calculation 30 tex yarns. The mechanical properties of these fabrics were determined to monitor their serviceability in practical use and to ensure their suitability as jute blended cotton and synthetic fabrics. The softness and handling characteristics presented by the blending length and flexible firmness of the blended fabrics were much more comparable to that of the cotton fabrics with the indented fabric structure. The strength properties of etherified jute blended fabrics showed that the durability and serviceability of these fabrics was not much less than that of cotton fabrics due to any stress and deformation during use. It has also been observed that the blending of etherified jute with cotton, rayon, polyester or any other flexible fiber improves the draping properties of the fabrics made from it and in actual use these fabrics have almost the same bright look and firmness of cotton fabrics.

인공신경망을 이용한 드레이프성 예측

This study aims to propose a prediction model for the drape coefficient using artificial neural networks and to analyze the nonlinear relationship between the drape properties and physical properties of fabrics. The study validates the significance of each factor affecting the fabric drape through multiple linear regression analysis with a sample size of 573. The analysis constructs a model with an adjusted R² of 77.6%. Seven main factors affect the drape coefficient: Grammage, extruded length values for warp and weft (m_warp, m_weft), coefficients of quadratic terms in the tensile-force quadratic graph in the warp, weft, and bias directions (c_warp, c_weft, c_bias), and force required for 1% tension in the warp direction (f_warp). Finally, an artificial neural network was created using seven selected factors. The performance was examined by increasing the number of hidden neurons, and the most suitable number of hidden neurons was found to be 8. The mean squared error was .052, and the correlation coefficient was .863, confirming a satisfactory model. The developed artificial neural network model can be used for engineering and high-quality clothing design. It is expected to provide essential data for clothing appearance, such as the fabric drape.

Thermo physiological comfort of single jersey knitted fabric derivatives

The main aim of this study is to determine the thermo-physiological comfort properties of single knit fabrics and their derivatives. As the Single Jersey knitted fabrics are the most widely used fabrics in the apparel sector, they have been selected for the analysis purpose. Derivatives of single jersey are developed and compared in order to understand the influence of structural variations. Physical properties e.g. thickness and areal density were evaluated for all knitted fabrics with 100% cotton yarn having three different yarn linear densities and after different stages of relaxation. Various thermo-physiological properties have been studied by changing the combed cotton yarn linear density as well as the structure of single knit fabric. Air permeability, thermal insulation and relative water vapor permeability of the fabrics were observed and investigated under wet relaxed states. It is determined that fabric physical properties are affected by changing yarn linear density and by the dry or wet relaxation stages. The percentage/number of tuck stitches (NTS), location of tuck stitches (LTS) and ratio of tuck to knit stitches (RTKS) have strong influence on physical and thermo-physiological properties of single knit fabrics, even though other knitting parameters remained the same.

Investigation of Dimensional and Physical Properties of Eri Silk Bi-Layer Knit Fabrics for Active Wear Applications

The knitwear industry caters to the needs of the modern youth, whose preferences vary according to the trends and tastes of the modern age. This paper endeavors to demonstrate that active wear fabrics made of eri silk have very good physical properties. The main objective of this research is to investigate dimensional and physical properties of plated interlock, mini-flatback rib, and flatback rib structures developed with two different yarn counts (30s and 40s). The dimensional and physical properties of those samples are investigated in terms of dimensional stability, spirality, bursting strength, elongation percentage, fabric areal density, and fabric thickness. Variables such as yarn count and knit structure play a significant role on the dimensional and physical properties of the fabric.

Preparation of Superhydrophobic Fabric Based on the SiO2@PDFMA Nanocomposites by an Emulsion Graft Polymerization and a Hot‐Pressing Process

AbstractWe report a facile method to fabricate superhydrophobic fabric based on the silica@poly (dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate) (SiO2@PDFMA) nanocomposites by emulsion graft polymerization and hot‐pressing process. The coated fabric without using resin adhesive demonstrated robust abrasion resistance, UV resistance, efficiently repel various liquids, excellent waterproof property, and good self‐cleaning performance. Intriguingly, the superhydrophobic coating has a little adverse effect on the important textile physical properties, such as the fabric color, air permeability, and color fastness. The robust superhydrophobicity was considered to be related to the following reasons. First, the Nano‐SiO2 and fibers provide micro‐nanoscale roughness, and PDFMA has excellent chemical/ultraviolet resistance and low surface energy. Their combination endows the fabric superhydrophobicity. Moreover, by the mean of hot‐pressing (at 120 °C under 0.2 MPa), the SiO2@PDFMA nanocomposites were firmly riveted to fibers. These results demonstrate a process particularly suitable for fabrics, and the coatings are expected to be practically applied in the textile industry.

Measurement of Physical Properties of Fabrics by KES and Objective Evaluation of Fabric Handle

Measurement of Physical Properties of Fabrics by KES and Objective Evaluation of Fabric Handle

The Effect of Dyeing and Mohair/Wool Blend Ratio on Fabric Physical Properties

ABSTRACT In this study, dyeing effects on the physical properties of blended fabrics containing different ratios of wool and mohair fibers were investigated in detail. Six types of fabrics were produced by using 100% wool yarns and 100% mohair yarns separately in either direction with different sequences. Then the fabrics were dyed with a wool reactive dye and physical properties were investigated before and after dyeing process. As a result of the study, wool/mohair blended fabrics could be used in the lightweight suitings since adding mohair in the fabric composition made the fabrics stiffer, less drapeable, more air permeable. Another important finding was that the color yield values of both front and back sides of the 50/50% blended fabrics were found to be quite close. From this point of view, if wool and mohair yarns were used symmetrically in the fabric structure, it would be possible to dye blended fabric uniformly in one bath. Otherwise, in case of weaving fabrics according to various designs using wool and mohair yarns separately in either direction unsymmetrically, two different tones could be obtained on the same fabric, known as a bicolor effect.

Investigation for Using Properties of Work Wear of Food Practitioner in the Market

Food practitioners are the most close to food, so it is very significant to select suitable work wear during food production to ensure food safety and hygiene. Through investigation about fabric physical and chemical properties, fabric hygiene and clean properties and work clothes basic physical properties of work wear for food practitioner which are frequently seen in the market at present, this paper analyzes whether the work wear in the market have good protection properties, thus providing reference for selection of suitable work wear of food practitioner, and providing reference for food safety and hygienic management of food enterprise. Through investigation, it is found that most work wear have good moisture absorption & quick-drying property, color fastness to bleaching of hypochlorite and soil release. Moreover, the pilling, fracture and micro-particle diffusion to air will not occur easily. However, the work wear of different fabrics are different in antibacterial property, air particle filtering efficiency and electrostatic properties. The food production enterprise can equip suitable work wear according to hygiene requirements in different production processes or different produced food varieties.

Dorada mešavine pamuk/PES kombinacijom reaktivne smole i hitozana

The tendency of textile materials to crease is reduced by the finishing process when cross-linked compounds are incorporated in the amorphous phase, which improve the recovery of material after the elimination of the pressure load. Because of adverse effects on human health conventional formaldehyde-based processing compounds are increasingly substituted by new compounds and by use of biopolymers. In the paper, examined is the possibility of using the biopolymer chitosan in combination with reactive resin to improve the physical properties of fabrics made of blended cotton/PES. The use of chitosan in combination with commercial reactant improves the physical characteristics of fabrics, because increasing the concentrations of biopolymer progressively increases recovery angle (a0), quality number (K) and the bursting strength of the treated fabric.