Textile Mill Effluent Research Articles

Effect of Textile Industry Effluent on Growth and Biochemical Parameters of Tagetes Erecta

Tagetes erecta plants were exposed to different concentrations of textile mill effluent. Various physio-biochemical parameters (plant height, number of branches and leaves per plant, chlorophyll content, soluble protein, soluble sugars, proline content and malondialdehyde) were studied at different intervals of time. At lower concentrations, an increase in chlorophyll content, proline, protein and sugar content was observed but on increasing the effluent concentration, a decrease was observed for all these parameters after a certain period of time. Our results indicate that the exposition of Tagetes erecta to diluted concentrations of textile mill effluent for short duration of time results in an increase in growth and other parameters which ultimately result in better productivity. The study was investigated in relation to both concentration of effluent and time intervals of supply of . It is suggested that wastewater should be diluted before it is used for irrigation.

Concocted bacterial consortium for the detoxification and mineralization of azoic-cum-sulfonic textile mill effluent

A bacterial consortium, comprising of three isolates; Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain APZ, Klebsiella pneumoniae strain AHM and Bacillus mannanilyticus strain AVS was concocted using the mixture design (MD) matrix. The concocted consortium was employed to degrade and mineralize a textile mill effluent (TME) having sulfone and azo groups. The average mineralization rate (AMRTME) of the liberated aromatic amines were more rapid than that of the individual strains, among them K. pneumoniae strain AHM was predominant. The analytical techniques confirmed that TME decolorization was due to biodegradation by the extracellular oxidoreductases, induced by the bacterial consortium. The azoic groups of the TME and the sulfones were not found in the treated solution which was analyzed by the mass spectral analyses. The phyto-toxicological parameters revealed the reduced toxic nature of the biotransformed products.

Ozonation pre and post-treatment of denim textile mill effluents: Effect of cleaner production measures

Denim production, which is one of the leading sub-sectors of textile industry that generates considerable amount of wastewater with high pollution load both from dyeing and finishing processes. This sub-sector is therefore to consider cleaner production opportunities for these processes to reduce its wastewater generation and pollution load. In a denim-producing plant, the wastewater treatability studies have revealed that the most technically applicable cleaner production alternatives are caustic recovery from alkaline finishing wastewaters, and reuse of indigo dyeing wastewaters via the application of membrane filtration. In the present study, impact of the changes in the final effluent quality due to the foreseen cleaner production measures were considered in reference to the evaluation of impact on ozonation treatment of the effluent from a denim-producing plant. Ozonation was applied as pretreatment to the effluent from the plant before the foreseen measures (chemical oxygen demand, COD = 2750 mg/L; color = 3950 PtCo), and to the simulated effluent after the foreseen measures (COD = 3100 mg/L; color = 4500 PtCo); and also as post-treatment to the biologically treated effluent (COD = 800 mg/L; color = 3700 PtCo) before the foreseen measures. When applied to the effluent before the foreseen measures as pretreatment, ozonation provided 86% color and 46% COD removal with 3240 mg/h ozone dose in 70 min. However, less satisfactory results were obtained with the wastewater after the measures; with 86% color and 31% COD removals at 3960 mg/h ozone dose in 80 min. In parallel to the decrease observed in COD removal, ozone consumption was also much higher than that for the wastewater before the cleaner production measures. The findings have indicated that the environmental benefits to be brought by cleaner production measures have to be balanced against the risks to be encountered in the treatment of the final effluent.

Nanosilver-decorated nanographene and their adsorption performance in waste water treatment

Water, a precious resource for all living organisms has become a diminishing source in the present world. Reuse of water is a way of combating the scarcity of water. The remedy for the polluted water through eco-friendly approaches is a major challenging task for the researchers. Nanotechnology is expected to provide a better solution than the existing methods. Graphene, a novel carbonaceous material widely used in the field of nanotechnology is a promising substance in the treatment of polluted water. The present work deals with the bio-reduction of graphene oxide using the aqueous extract of Amaranthus polygonoides. The synthesized graphene was embedded with silver nanoparticles and Moringa oleifera pulverized seed powder. This modified graphene was used as adsorbent for simulated textile, tannery and paper mill effluents. The adsorption efficacy of graphene and modified graphene was compared with that of a commonly available adsorbent activated charcoal by analysing the water quality parameters before and after treatment. The results revealed that the graphene loaded with the silver nanoparticles and M. oleifera seed powder possessed excellent adsorbent properties and showed good efficacy on reusability compared to conventional activated charcoal.

Preparation, Characterisation and Photocatalytic Activity of La-doped ZnO Nanopowders Synthesised using Auto-combustion

Nanocrystalline nanoparticles of pristine ZnO and La-doped ZnO have been synthesised usinga combustion method using various concentrations of lanthanum dopant followed by calcination for 3 hat 700 °C. The crystalline structure, chemical composition and optical characteristics have been characterisedusing X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM) attached with energy dispersiveX-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), UV-vis. spectroscopy and photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy. Absorption spectra showed that the absorbance increased with La-doping and the blueshift observed was due to an increase in the band gap from 3.24 to 3.27 eV. The photocatalytic activitiesof the samples prepared were evaluated using the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) underirradiation by sunlight. The textile mill effluents containing organic matter were also irradiated with sunlightinducing photocatalysis and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the treated effluent were investigated.The results showed that the ZnO photocatalyst doped with 1.0 at.% lanthanum exhibited four timesenhancement in the photocatalytic activity compared to pure ZnO.

Effect on Particle Size of Agro based Coagulant for Treatment of Textile Mill Effluent

An experimental investigation was carried out for the feasible use of agro based coagulants of different particle size to the treatment of textile mill effluent. Coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation process were applied for the treatment of textile mill effluents using crude water extracts of dry Moringaoleifera (MO), Tamarinaindica (TI) and Strychonomous Potatorum (SP) as primary agro based coagulant. The experiments were conducted at assorted particle sizes of 90 μ, 150 μ, 300 μ, 425 μ, 600 μ and850 μ of the coagulant powders of Moringaoleifera, TamarinaIndica and Strychonomous Potatorum using jar-test experiment. The pre and post treatment of textile mill effluent with agro based coagulant of different particle size and the removal efficiency of turbidity, TDS, TSS, BOD and COD of textile mill effluent were evaluated and compared with conventional coagulant Alum (AL). The surface characteristics of M. oleifera, T. indica, S. potatorum and textile mill effluent residues of pre and post treatment were analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The outcome of this paper reveals that300 μ particle sizes of Moringaoleifera were efficient in removing turbidity, TDS, TSS, BOD and COD of textile effluent at different dosages of coagulants. Consequently natural coagulant of different particle sizes gives better removal efficiencies when compared with the conventional coagulant Alum.

Applicability of Evaporation and Reverse Osmosis Techniques for Volume Reduction of Textile Mill Effluent

Applicability of Evaporation and Reverse Osmosis Techniques for Volume Reduction of Textile Mill Effluent

Kinetic study of the adsorption of textile dyes on synthetic hydroxyapatite in aqueous solution

Textile mill effluent present a high pollution potential and health risk. These effluents require prior treatment before being discharged back into the environment. The objective of this study was to eliminate three textile dyes viz. the Blue Hydron (HB), the Blue Solophenyl (SB) and the Turquoise Solophenyl (ST) by adsorption vs. Co-precipitation on hydroxyapatite (HAP) in batch mode at neutral pH and room temperature. Structural and morphological characterization was performed using FTIR and SEM analyses. The results show that the adsorption capacity is higher for the Hydron Blue (HB) compared to Solophenyl Blue (SB) which is lower than the adsorption capacity of Solophenyl Turquoise (ST). The equilibrium data fit well to the Freundlich isotherm.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ce-doped ZnO nanopowders synthesized by combustion method

Facile and fast combustion method was used to synthesize ZnO and Ce-doped ZnO (CZO) nanocrystalline powders photocatalysts with different cerium concentrations (0.5 wt.%–10.0 wt.%) followed by calcination at 700 °C for 3 h. The prepared samples were characterized by a variety of characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, BET surface area analyser and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), to study the crystal structure, surface morphology, chemical composition and optical properties. It was observed from XRD results that synthesized powders had hexagonal wurtzite structure with the smallest crystallite size about 13 nm. Absorption spectra showed that cerium doping enhanced the light absorption properties towards the visible light region. Photoluminescence spectra for Ce-doped ZnO samples exhibited relatively weak near band edge (NBE) emission peaks as compared to that of pristine ZnO. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under UV light and visible light (λ≥420 nm) irradiation. The textile mill effluent containing organic matters was also treated under sunlight using photocatalysis and the reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the treated effluent revealed a complete destruction of the organic molecules along with colour removal. The results showed that the CZO photocatalyst doped with 3.0 wt.% cerium exhibited four times enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to pure ZnO. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to extended visible light absorption and inhibition of the electron-hole pair's recombination.

Treatment of textile mill effluent using low molecular weight crab shell chitosan

Inexpensive and eco-friendly biosorbent crab shell chitosan has been successfully used for the treatment of textile mill effluent. The present study investigated the application of low molecular weight (20 kDa) crab shell chitosan in the treatment of textile industry effluent in a most efficient and economical way. A series of batch experiments were conducted by varying solution pH, agitation time, chitosan dosage, and agitation speed. The parameters considered for the study are chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity. The observed experimental result showed that low molecular weight crab shell chitosan could able to reduce significantly the COD, TSS, TDS, and turbidity from textile mill effluent. The optimum conditions were obtained at 150 mg/L of chitosan dosage, pH 4, 4 h of mixing time, and a mixing speed of 75 RPM. The results show that low molecular weight crab shell chitosan can be used for the effective treatment of textile mill effluent.

Suitability of conventional and membrane bioreactor system in textile mill effluent treatment

Effluents from the industries contaminate surface water, soil and groundwater due to the presence of soluble solids, suspended solids, organic matter, heavy metals and toxic constituents. This necessitates treatment of the discharged wastewater and determination of effluent quality. The situation is very alarming for Tirupur due to textile industries effluent, affecting water consumption pattern around the whole area that generates high stress on groundwater resources as well as agricultural productivity. The present study is based on the general characterization of the quality of effluent before and after installation of conventional effluent treatment plants (CETPs) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment systems. The performance evaluation of CETPs and MBR systems in textile mill effluent treatment was carried out in terms of effluent quality and treatment efficiency. The findings revealed that the CETPs were efficient in removal of total dissolved solids, bicarbonate (HCO3-) total major cations and Cd however, the MBR system was more efficient in removal of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, SO42-, Zn, Pb and Cr. On the basis of findings, it can be concluded that the MBR system serve as an effective alternate in treating the industrial wastewater specially for textile effluent treatment with major advantages like less sludge generation, compact and ease in operation and small footprints, in comparison with conventional treatment systems.

Degradation of Sulphonated Azo Dye Red HE7B by Bacillus sp. and Elucidation of Degradative Pathways

Bacteria capable of degrading the sulfonated azo dye Red HE7B were isolated from textile mill effluent contaminated soil. The most efficient isolate was identified as Bacillus sp. Azo1 and the isolate could successfully decolorize up to 89% of the dye. The decolorized cultural extract analyzed by HPLC confirmed degradation. Enzymatic analysis showed twofold and fourfold increase in the activity of azoreductase and laccase enzymes, respectively, indicating involvement of both reductive and oxidative enzymes in biodegradation of Red HE7B. Degraded products which were identified by GC/MS analysis included various metabolites like 8-nitroso 1-naphthol, 2-diazonium naphthalene. Mono azo dye intermediate was initially generated from the parent molecule. This mono azo dye was further degraded by the organism, into additional products, depending on the site of cleavage of R-N=N-R molecule. Based on the degradation products identified, three different pathways have been proposed. The mechanism of degradation in two of these pathways is different from that of the previously reported pathway for azo dye degradation. This is the first report of a microbial isolate following multiple pathways for azo dye degradation. Azo dye Red HE7B was observed to be phytotoxic, leading to decrease in root development, shoot length and seedling fresh weight. However, after biotreatment the resulting degradation products were non-phytotoxic.

Isolation and characterization of Paracoccus sp. GSM2 capable of degrading textile azo dye Reactive Violet 5.

A potential bacterial strain GSM2, capable of degrading an azo dye Reactive Violet 5 as a sole source of carbon, was isolated from textile mill effluent from Solapur, India. The 16S rDNA sequence and phenotypic characteristics indicated an isolated organism as Paracoccus sp. GSM2. This strain exhibited complete decolorization of Reactive Violet 5 (100 mg/L) within 16 h, while maximally it could decolorize 800 mg/L of dye within 38 h with 73% decolorization under static condition. For color removal, the most suitable pH and temperature were pH 6.0–9.0 and 25–40°C, respectively. The isolate was able to decolorize more than 70% of five structurally different azo dyes within 38 h. The isolate is salt tolerant as it can bring out more than 90% decolorization up to a salt concentration of 2% (w/v). UV-Visible absorption spectra before and after decolorization suggested that decolorization was due to biodegradation and was further confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Overall results indicate the effectiveness of the strain GSM2 explored for the treatment of textile industry effluents containing various azo dyes. To our knowledge, this could be the first report on biodegradation of Reactive Violet 5 by Paracoccus sp. GSM2.

SCREENING OF FUNGI FOR THE DEGRADATION OF TEXTILE DYES FROM INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS

The objective of the study was to investigate the pot ential dye degrading fungal species from textile mill effluents in a cost effective and eco friendly manner. Decolorizing isolates of Zygomycotina, Deuteromycotina and Ascomycetes were isolated from dye industry effluents. Decolorization assay was carried out on both solid and liquid assay medium along with laccase activity. Among all the fungi, Aspergillus was a dominant species recorded among the effluents. All the fungal isolates were tested for decolorizing activity against methylene blue, crystal viole t, sudan black, malachite green and methyl red. On solid and liquid medium, Aspergillus terreus, A. niger, and Fusarium moniliforme were found to decolorize maximum number of dyes and registered maximum percentage of color reduction. Laccase assay was done using Lignin modifying enzyme basal medium with Hydroxybenzotriazole, and among the isolates, F. moniliforme and A. terreus were found to produce the laccase enzyme. Among the 13 species of fungal isolates, the maximum degradation activity was shown by A. terreus (86.33 %), followed by A. niger (84.20) and F. moniliforme (80.00 %) seems to be potential candidates to degrade commonly used dyes. So these strains can be used for treating the dye containing effluents as well as in bio remediating degraded aqua tic and land polluted by these effluents. So, commercial development and application of this fungus for textile wastewater treatment will be an advantage to dye removal process.

Graphene–Ag/ZnO nanocomposites as high performance photocatalysts under visible light irradiation

Visible-light-responsive Graphene-Ag/ZnO nanocomposites were fabricated using a facile, one-pot, nontoxic solvothermal process for the photodegradation of organic dyes. During the solvothermal process reduction of graphene oxide and loading of Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles on two-dimensional graphene sheets were achieved. Electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, BET surface area measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction were used to confirm that the Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles as randomly dispersed and effectively decorated on graphene sheets via covalent bonds between Zn and C atoms. Optical properties studied using UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy confirmed that the absorption edge of Ag-doped ZnO shifted to visible-light region with the incorporation of graphene. The as-synthesized Graphene-Ag/ZnO nanocomposites showed unprecedented photodecomposition efficiency compared to the Ag-doped ZnO, pristine ZnO and commercial ZnO under visible-light. The textile mill effluent containing organic substances was also treated using photocatalysis and the reduction in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the treated effluent revealed a complete destruction of the organic molecules along with colour removal. This dramatically enhanced photoactivity of the composite which is attributed to retarded charge recombination rate, great adsorption of dyes, enhanced visible light absorption and fast transfer processes. This research has the potential to provide new avenues for the in situ fabrication of the Graphene-Ag/ZnO composites as highly efficient photocatalysts. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Haematotoxicity of Integrated Textile Mill Effluent to an Air-Breathing Fish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

The effect of integrated textile mill effluent on the haematological characteristic of the fish Heteropneustes fossilis was studied. LC50 values were found to be 34%-38% on 96-24 h duration. Four sub-lethal concentrations were selected for this study. Exposure to effluent caused an increase in large lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and basiphil granulocytes and decrease in small lymphocytes in H.fossilis.

Effect of Treated Textile Mill Effluent on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Urd Varieties

Treated industrial waste water is a non-conventional resource to meet the irrigation water-demand. It was seen that the application of partially diluted textile effluent (treated) enhanced the root and shoot length in many crop plants. An experiment was conducted to the study the effect of treated textile mill effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of four varieties of Urd bean (PU-35, PU-19, IPU94-1 and TYPE-9). It was found that the treated effluent from the textile industry can be used as irrigation purpose because it has low BOD (Biological oxygen demand) (32 mg/l), COD (Chemical oxygen demand) (232 mg/l), pH (7.4) which is slightly alkaline and is colourless that is without dye and pigments (Table-1). It was found that 50 % treated effluent concentration was the most favourable for better growth of seedling and also for root and shoot length than the Control of all varieties of Urd bean. The lowest seedling growth was recorded at the 100% effluent concentration for the all varieties of Urd bean. Thus at higher effluent concentration such as 75 and 100% the lengths of root and shoot and seedling growth were inhibited. Therefore, 50% treated effluent concentration must be recommended for irrigation purpose of many crops and vegetables. This will also reduce the pollution load because of utilisation of waste water from industries in agriculture.

Assessment of the Treatment of Textile Mill Effluent Using UASB Reactor

This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of the treatment of actual textile mill effluent using a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The main objective of this study was to generate design aids; in terms of organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT) versus chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour removal in the textile effluent using a UASB reactor at neutral pH and constant mesophilic temperature. The COD, colour and total suspended solids concentration of the textile wastes used in the study were analyzed as 5440 mg/l, 3280 mg/l, 2320 units and 955 mg/l, respectively. The UASB reactor was started up by gradually increasing the OLR from 0.2 kg-COD/m3-day to 2.6 kg-COD/m3-day in order to prevent an organic shock to the reactor. Similarly, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was slowly reduced from 58 h to 8 h to prevent the wash-out of sludge from the reactor. It was observed that more than 80% of COD and colour could be effectively removed at an OLR of 2.2 kg-m3/d and HRT of 20 h. At optimum operating conditions, the effluent volatile fatty acid concentration was observed to be 430 mg/l. The average biogas production observed during this study was 0.34 l/g-CODremoved and it was composed of 58% methane. During the course of maturity of granular sludge, its effective size and settling velocity were observed to increase exponentially as 0.261e0.051x and 1.91e0.017x respectively. The overall observed biomass yield (Yobs) for the experimental period was calculated as 0.049 g-VSS/g-CODrem. This study suggests that the use of a UASB reactor for textile mill effluent is a fairly feasible and viable option.

Effect of textile mill effluent on growth of Sorghum vulgare and Vigna aconitifolia seedlings

Effect of textile mill effluent on growth of Sorghum vulgare and Vigna aconitifolia seedlings

Effect of textile mill effluent on growth of Vigna unguiculata and Pisum sativum seedlings

Effect of textile mill effluent on growth of Vigna unguiculata and Pisum sativum seedlings