Textile Materials Research Articles

Impact Dynamics Simulation for Magnetorheological Fluid Saturated Fabric Barriers

Abstract Experimental research has investigated the non-Newtonian fluid augmentation of fabric barrier materials, aimed at adding impact energy dissipation mechanisms and thereby improving ballistic performance. Published experimental results on the effectiveness of these augmentations are mixed, and numerical models supporting complimentary modeling research are lacking, primarily due to the multiple geometric and material nonlinearities present in the system. The combination of Hamiltonian mechanics with hybrid particle-element kinematics offers a very general modeling approach to impact simulation for these systems, one which includes interstitial fluid–structure interactions, the yarn level dynamics of projectile impacts, and yarn fracture without the introduction of slidelines and without mass or energy discard. Three-dimensional (3D) impact simulations show good agreement with published experiments for magnetorheological (MR) fluid-saturated Kevlar, including fabric tested under bulk field excitation of the target region and magnetomechanically edge-clamped fabric sliding in an excited air gap. The Hamiltonian method employed to develop the system-level model allows for computationally efficient partitioning of the modeled physics while maintaining a thermodynamically consistent formulation.

Harnessing leather waste in polymer matrix for sustainable smart shape‐stable phase change materials

AbstractThe utilization of leather waste (LW) in a polyurethane (PU) matrix makes a smart and novel shape stable phase change material (SSPCM). This is essential for sustainability as it reduces landfill waste after use. The PU is synthesized in bulk with a 90% yield, using biodegradable polycaprolactone diol and bio‐based polyol (castor oil), along with tolylene‐2,4‐diisocyanate. PL and PLG composites are prepared by blending of constituent components PU (P), LW (L), and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA, G), as specified by their code names. Role of LW (hydrogen bonding and chemical crosslinking) and morphology are elucidated by FTIR and SEM, respectively. Self‐healing time (2 h), shape fixity ratios (Rf) (PL: 60–80% and PLG: 60–70%) and shape recovery ratios (Rr) (100% for both) are determined at 60°C. PLG displays faster shape recovery in water (<30 s) compared to air (>300 s). Shape stability and thermal properties of the SSPCM are examined using the temperature responsive leakage study, TGA, and DSC. This research introduces a new approach for using leather waste (LW) in SSPCM, with self‐healing and 100% Rr. This material may find application where SSPCM with high durability and flexibility is essential such as textile and footwear materials.

Dress protective potential of naturally green-colored domestic silk against ultraviolet-induced skin cell damage

Naturally green-colored domestic silk demonstrates remarkable antioxidant activity due to the presence of intrinsic antioxidant and pigmented substance flavonoids. Oxidative damage is one of the main causes of sun-induced skin damage. To investigate the potential protective effect of naturally green-colored domestic silk on skin cells against ultraviolet damage, the antioxidant was extracted and analyzed. An in vitro experiment which involves introducing ultraviolet damage to the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line was used for the research. By adding the extract into HaCaT culture medium and then subjecting to ultraviolet irradiation, the data evidently showed that the cell apoptosis and growth inhibition of HaCaT were alleviated, indicating the protective effect of the extract to the HaCaT cell against ultraviolet damage. Meanwhile, a large number of the surviving damaged cells stagnated in the diploid (2n) phase, which is the main phase of gene repair during the whole cell cycle. The survival and repair of damaged cells also produced fewer gene fragments caused by ultraviolet damage. The detected reduction of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde induced by ultraviolet irradiation in HaCaT confirmed that the antioxidant extract from green silk cocoons does have intracellular and extracellular antioxidant effects. These findings suggest that naturally green silk has the potential to be utilized as a functional textile material for skin sunscreen products, and its extract can be further developed as a source of antioxidants in medical and safety health applications.

The effect of knit structure on natural dyeing properties of cotton fabric

Natural dyeing of textile materials is gaining popularity all over the world since natural dyes are mostly eco-friendly, less toxic, and less allergenic as compared with synthetic dyes. Although synthetic dyes offer a broad range of color and color fastness and bright hues, they are nonbiodegradable and carcinogenic compounds and cause water pollution as well as waste disposal problems. This study presents the natural dyeing of cotton knitted fabric with three different structures using R. cordifolia root extract as a natural dye. Knitted fabrics with three different structures, interlock (350 g/m2), single jersey (145 g/m2) and rib (135 g/m2), were produced and dyed with madder (Rubia Cordifolia) in the presence of tannic acid as a mordant. The dyed samples were evaluated in terms of color measurement results (CIE L*,a*, b*, C*, h0, DE) and color fastness properties.

A molybdenum-disulfide nanocomposite film-based stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator for wearable biomechanical energy harvesting and self-powered human motion monitoring

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are receiving significant interest in the wearable electronics industry owing to their distinct ability to capture ambient energy, particularly from human endeavors. Because they can serve as renewable sources of energy and multifunctional sensing devices. Herein, a stretchable TENG (S-TENG) based on micropatterned fabric-coated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and an Ecoflex nanocomposite as the electron-acceptor layer is newly developed for harvesting biomechanical energy to power wearable electronics and enable self-powered sensing. Incorporating the MoS2 monolayer in the composite creates microchannels on the surfaces, improving the conductivity of the composite by facilitating ion transport. Moreover, the incorporation of the monolayer provides an additional triboelectric output by increasing the contact area, enhancing the dielectric constant, and modulating the surface charge density. The use of knitted fabric materials enhances the extensibility (230 %) of the composite film. A thorough investigation was conducted to assess the electric output performance, resulting in the attainment of a maximum peak power density of 11 W/m2. This power density is sufficient to provide electricity to a typical electronic equipment with low power consumption. Regarding passive sensing, the suggested S-TENG may be used as a pressure sensor, with a high sensitivity of 17.18 V/kPa. Furthermore, active sensing enables the identification of dynamic movements in the joints of the human body by establishing a relation between gestures and the corresponding electrical signals. This study presents an innovative approach for developing a wearable S-TENG that exhibits dual-mode energy-harvesting and sensing capabilities, including the use in biomedical applications and human-machine systems.

Discuss on Preparation Method of Composite Sports Equipment Based on Stretchable Nanofiber Fabric

Stretchable nanofiber fabrics refer to fabrics woven with elastic nanofibers, and nanofibers are defined as fibers with a diameter less than 100 nm. For example, nanofibers are implanted on the surface of the fabric to form a stable gas film. The biphobic interface can be used for the purification and filtration of sports equipment, chemical products, medical drugs and other products. The development of sports is increasingly dependent on science and technology, and stretchable nanofibers, as an emerging field of science and technology, are undoubtedly widely used in sports materials. This article first explains the role and background of stretchable nanofiber fabrics in sports equipment, and explains related methods, such as the slurry method for preparing rubber thermally conductive composites in sports equipment, and testing the thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of composite materials. Diffusion coefficient, density and specific heat capacity; and then explain the polyrhodanine coating method, coating stretchable nano fabric, testing its mechanical properties and thermal conductivity, calculating the agglomeration phenomenon of particles in the rubber, you can get the wrapped PRh- The effect of BNNSs’ self-aggregation is suppressed; then the stress and strain of the nano-layer are tested using electrospinning technology, that is, the mechanical properties; finally, the tensile test of carbon fiber three-directional nano-fabric sports composite material is carried out, the tensile model is set, and the test is performed The strain and deformation in the stretching process at 0° and 90°, the load change and tensile elongation at break of the two are analyzed, the tensile attenuation rate in the 0° direction is lower than the attenuation rate in the 90° direction, 0° The tensile elongation at break in the direction of 90° is less than the tensile elongation at break in the direction of 90°, and one of the differences is judged that there is no carbon nanofiber on the parallel load in the 90° direction. The application of the above, taking bicycle tires and golf clubs as examples, combined with the average expected lift and 90° three-dimensional weaving method, the tensile strength direction can be obtained. This nanofiber three-dimensional weaving method has a higher tensile load than the composite material in the 90° direction. The average expected improvement of the ordinary weaving method is 36.1%, and the use of 90° three-dimensional nano fabric materials can improve the performance of sports equipment under this material by 16.9% to 51.8%.

A wearable flexible triboelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical energy harvesting and badminton monitoring

Recently, textile materials used for wearable flexible sensors have received much attention. Wearable textile based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) not only has unique advantages in mechanical energy harvesting, but also has application value in the direction of motion sensing. Here, we proposed a non-woven fabric triboelectric nanogenerator (NW-TENG) for mechanical energy harvesting and badminton monitoring. The non-woven fabric play the role of positive triboelectric, and the fluffy fiber structure endows NW-TENG with a sensitive response to pressure. The pressure sensing sensitivity of NW-TENG sensor can reach 1.22 V N−1 (Pressure range: 0–7 N) and 0.18 V N−1 (Pressure range: 8 N–55 N). Furthermore, the NW-TENG can be installed on the body joints of badminton players for analyzing joint movements, thereby achieving data-driven badminton training and facilitating the evaluation of training effectiveness. This research provide a new path to promote TENG to the badminton monitoring field.

Anti-candidiasis functional material for women’s cotton undergarments

The escalating incidence of Candida spp. infections among individuals with compromised immune systems is attributed to various factors, including broad-spectrum antibiotic usage, common health issues, and inadequate undergarments, requiring novel preventive measures. While the pathogenic mechanisms of Candida spp. infections remain incompletely understood, their virulence attributes and opportunistic nature challenge host defenses. In response, this research study introduces an innovative nanobiotechnological approach employing L-cysteine to develop nontoxic anti- Candida spp. textile materials. Cotton, an ideal material for women’s underwear, was functionalized with L-cysteine through an exhaustion procedure following activation with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy free radical. The results demonstrated increased energy dispersive X-ray peaks corresponding to sulfur atoms in the functionalized cotton fabric, confirming that L-cysteine remained attached to the cotton surface even after washing cycles. Moreover, the cotton containing L-cysteine displayed morphology and mechanical properties similar to the nonfunctionalized cotton, indicating that the incorporation of L-cysteine did not impact the cotton properties. In addition, cotton functionalized with L-cysteine exhibited a significant reduction in yeast growth – 87.04 ± 1.90% for Candida albicans and 65.28 ± 3.03% for Candida parapsilosis – highlighting its potential as a class I medical device, particularly for preventing candidiasis in women’s medical underwear.

Methods for Controlling Accuracy of Prediction of Polymer Textile Materials Relaxation Processes

Methods for Controlling Accuracy of Prediction of Polymer Textile Materials Relaxation Processes

Characterization of new cellulosic fiber derived from Lasia spinosa (L.) thwaites rhizome and its potential use as biodegradable textile material

Fibers extracted from Lasia spinosa (L.) thwaites (LS) were characterized to investigate their potential use as biodegradable textile materials. Mechanical and alkali extraction methods were followed to extract LS rhizome fibers. The morphological, physical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the mechanically extracted rhizome fibers from the commonly available LS species of Lamina-dissected type [LDT] and Sagittate type [SG] were investigated. No previous studies have been done to characterize the LS rhizome fibers. Examination of rhizome fiber morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that fibers within the dispersed vascular bundles of the rhizome possess a natural crimp.The FTIR result confirmed that the fibers are rich in cellulose. X-RD results confirm a 43 % and 58 % crystallinity index of LDT and SG fibers, respectively, indicating higher amorphous regions and lower crystal phases. Moisture regain of 12.5 % and 14.5 %, single fiber tensile strength of 213.92 MPa and 216.97 MPa, elongation at break of 16.65 % and 17.67 %, and Young's modulus of 1.32 GPa and 1.26 GPa were observed for LDT and SG fibers respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed thermal stability up to 230 °C for both fiber types confirming their ability to withstand textile processing.

Qualitative Assessment of the Functionality of Polymer Textile Materials for Increasing Their Competitiveness

Qualitative Assessment of the Functionality of Polymer Textile Materials for Increasing Their Competitiveness

New fabric phase sorptive extraction for nondestructive analysis of heritage textile samples

Several types of pesticides used in museum collections over time become dangerous for people who may handle textile articles treated with such substances. In the case of the analysis of ancient, modern, and contemporary textile materials, it is particularly important to keep the artifacts intact, as they cannot be replaced. The need to use micro- or nondestructive techniques led to the development of methods such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME), liquid‒liquid dispersive microextraction (DLLME), and single-droplet microextraction (SDME). In this paper is described an optimized extraction method of three pesticides (malathion, methoxychlor, and permethrin) by creating a non-destructive solid phase extraction system on a textile support, abbreviated FPSE – 100 % cotton fabric coated with a sol-gel solution prepared from a polymer (PEG or PDMS). To obtain a suitable FPSE, the following parameters were evaluated: polymer selection (individual or mixture of polymers), acid catalyst (trifluoroacetic acid, acetic acid and hydrochloride acid), amount of polymer (1.0 g, 2.5 g or 5.0 g), polymerization time (30 min, 120 min and 240 min), ultrasonic bath temperature (40 °C and 70 °C), and type of bath to obtain the sol-gel (ultrasonic bath, water bath with stirring and mechanical stirrer). To complete the FPSE optimization, the influence of pesticide extraction time on FPSE and desorption from FPSE in ethyl acetate was also assessed.The pesticides extraction yields obtained for the laboratory textile samples are in the range of 52.7 %–128.0 %. The technique proposed in the manuscript proved to be effective as a nondestructive tool for evaluating and quantifying the presence of pesticides in textile museum collections. The approach described here reduces heritage object damage due to sampling compared to methods commonly employed and may represent a starting point for future research.

Multiple birds with one stone: A new type of PPy/Fe3O4/rGO multifunctional composite fabric for wave absorption, UV resistance, anti-static and thermal insulation

To solve the problem of electromagnetic radiation pollution, it is especially important to develop electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials with excellent performance. The preparation of composite multifunctional textile materials with excellent wave-absorbing properties is one of the research hotspots for practical personal protection applications. In this work, PPy/Fe3O4/rGO polyester/cotton composite fabrics were prepared by impregnation, chemical reduction, chemical co-precipitation and in situ polymerization. When the thickness is 0.97 mm, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of PPy/Fe3O4/rGO polyester/cotton composite fabric is −12.12 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 4.7 GHz, which is excellent in wave absorption. Meanwhile, the PPy/Fe3O4/rGO polyester/cotton composite fabrics have excellent UV resistance (UV transmittance ratio of UVA and UVB bands as low as 0.02 %, UPF value of 100+), antistatic properties (static voltage half-life of 0.2 s), and excellent thermal management properties (thermal conductivity as low as 0.05796 W/(m·K)), and so on. The PPy/Fe3O4/rGO polyester/cotton composite fabrics prepared in this study are suitable for a variety of application scenarios, such as individual electromagnetic protection, individual protection in extremely cold environments, and individual heating physiotherapy, which is of great reference significance for the research of wearable individual protective textile materials.

Virtual design of woven fabrics based on parametric modeling and physically based rendering

Textures of woven fabrics are usually designed and produced according to geometric laws in the 2D plane. Physically Based Rendering (PBR) can further optimize and enrich the texture effect, but its application to the more complex 3D structures has been limited. This work reports a method that uses PBR and parametric modeling to construct woven textured materials with centimeter and millimeter level 3D structures. The method can design the structures of various woven fabrics without the need for analyzing the fabric structure details and transfer the inherently iterative work of fabric design to the digital space. The design can be directly applied to mainstream 3D modeling software for virtual presentations in different applications, hence improving the efficiency of woven fabric design and the fidelity of virtual presentation of fabric materials.

Directly processing natural cotton into eco-friendly, highly thermal-insulating textiles via hierarchically self-locking structures

Textiles, serving as a second skin for the human body, play a significant role in regulating the microenvironment temperature, and enhancing thermal comfort of the human body during cold weather. However, the most current methods for enhancing the warmth of fabrics involve complex chemical treatment or the application of advanced materials, thus suffering from potential chemical toxicity (especially for infants), complex processing and high cost. Herein, we report a simple strategy for directly processing cotton roving into environmentally friendly and structurally stable thermal-retention cotton textiles by means of hierarchically self-locking structures. The textile not only shows excellent heat-retention properties and mechanical firmness compared with conventional thermal insulation wadding and certain commercial blankets, but is also environmentally friendly and cost effective. This method may provide a new generation of thermal insulation materials with enhanced health and environmental benefits based on hierarchical structure design and natural textile materials.

Prediction of the Residual Resource of Pneumatic Tire Materials from Accumulation and Type of Damage

The present paper examines the mechanical characteristics at the boundary of the distribution of rubber matrix and metal and fabric fibrous materials as a distinct area in the crack braking mechanism, and their impact on the durability of pneumatic tires in the event of damage accumulation during operation. Experimental studies were conducted on the delamination of the components of the tire material composition in samples obtained from diverse locations of the car tire. The strength of the rubber matrix fibers of the metal cord was determined, which makes it possible to assess the overall strength of the tire material as a composition of reinforcing elements and the matrix during the accumulation of damage created artificially during operation. The method of experimental research is reasonably stable. The nature and behavior of the sample rupture during the tests were evaluated.

From Textile to Structure: Advancing Sustainability in Construction Practices

The construction industry, with its significant environmental footprint, is increasingly turning towards sustainable practices to mitigate its impacts. This article explores the potential of integrating textile materials into construction processes to enhance sustainability. Textiles offer versatility, lightweight properties, and potential for recycling, making them a promising alternative to traditional construction materials. Through a review of current research and innovative case studies, this paper examines the application of textiles in various construction contexts, including structural components, insulation, and façade systems. Additionally, it investigates the environmental benefits associated with utilizing textiles in construction, such as reduced carbon emissions, energy consumption, and waste generation. Furthermore, challenges and opportunities in implementing textile-based construction methods are discussed, including material durability, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory considerations. By highlighting the advancements and possibilities in textile-based construction practices, this article contributes to the discourse on sustainable construction methodologies, providing insights for practitioners, researchers, and policymakers seeking to foster greener approaches within the built environment.

In situ construction of iron-rich metal-organic frameworks on wool surface for enhanced flame retardancy and low smoke generation

The incorporation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on textile materials to enhance flame retardancy is of interest and challenge. In this study, an iron-rich MOF (Fe-MOF) was constructed in situ on wool fabric surface through the alternating assembly of ferric metal salt and the carboxylic acid ligand 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid. The surface morphology, flame retardancy, smoke and heat release performance, thermal stability, and flame-retardant mechanism of the Fe-MOF coated wool fabric were investigated. Square-shaped crystals were observed on the coated wool fabric, indicating successful construction of Fe-MOF on the wool surface. The coated wool fabric with an add-on of 6.8% exhibited excellent flame retardancy, as evidenced by its self-extinguishing ability during the vertical burning test and a significantly enhanced limiting oxygen index of 32.6%. Moreover, the coated wool fabric demonstrated a remarkable reduction in heat and smoke production of 23.8% and 68.4%, respectively, indicating enhanced fire safety. The analysis of char residue, including thermal stability, surface morphology, iron content, and graphitization degree, supported the formation of ferric oxides as a protective layer, contributing to the improved flame retardancy of the Fe-MOF coated wool in the condensed phase. The in situ construction of Fe-MOF on wool macromolecules offers a promising and innovative approach for developing nonhalogen and nonphosphorus flame-retardant systems.

An innovative strategy towards highly efficient flame-retardant silk

As a luxurious textile raw material, silk fiber (SF) and its products are widely favored by consumers because of their elegant appearance and excellent comfort. However, their flammability causes potential fire risks and hazards in daily fires and has gained significant attention in recent years. In this work, an ultrathin and uniform TiO2, Al2O3, and ZnO nanofilms with thicknesses of 1 ∼ 200 nm (less than one in a hundred of SF diameter) were deposited on the surface of a silk fabric (SFR) by atomic layer deposition (ALD). By tuning the types of metal oxides and nanofilm thickness, the modified SFR quickly self-extinguished, and its pristine weave was completely preserved after exposure to a flame in a torch burn test, representing superior performance compared to numerous conventional coating technologies reported with higher loadings. An expanded charcoal residue formed on the surface of the modified SFR, acting as a physical barrier that enhanced flame retardancy. Furthermore, the modified SFR showed excellent laundering durability, which helps improve the service life of the fabric. Most importantly, the nanofilms had a negligible impact on the intrinsic comfort and other comprehensive properties of the silk.

Influence of airflow resistance on acoustic behaviour of needle-punched nonwoven structures

Textile materials and structures have gained significant attention in the field of noise reduction due to their porosity, softness, and good acoustic absorption properties. Porous materials are an excellent example of passive materials, which reduces sound energy by dissipating heat energy due to the presence of void structure. In textiles, nonwovens are highly porous and less expensive materials compared to woven and knitted structures. In this research, flax, jute, and polyester nonwovens were used to study the effect of various parameters such as fiber fineness, fiber cross section, areal density, and punch density on the airflow resistivity of the nonwovens and in turn its influence on the sound absorption coefficient. It was observed that the acoustic performance of woven and nonwoven structures is mainly dependent on the porosity or bulk density of the structure which also influences the airflow resistivity of the fabrics. Therefore, the investigation of the airflow resistance of the nonwovens and its correlation with the sound absorption coefficient became an important part of this study. An instrument based on ISO 9053 standard was fabricated to measure the airflow resistivity. It was observed that the increase in the areal density leads to increase in the airflow resistance of the nonwoven. The airflow resistance increases as the mass density increases and porosity decreases. It was observed that the sound absorption coefficient and airflow resistance were directly proportional.